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基于软件无线电的水情遥测信息接收及处理关键技术研究
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摘要
数据接收、解调及解码纠错是水情遥测系统数据处理的关键,传统的水情遥测系统中,由电台接收射频信号并完成二次下变频及鉴频解调,输出的音频信号通过专用的调制解调器完成解调,这种方法的最大缺点就是缺乏灵活性,同时解调可靠性也不高。根据软件无线电技术理论,尽可能早的将接收到的模拟信号数字化,最大程度地通过软件来实现电台及调制解调器的各种功能可大幅度提高系统解调性能及可靠性,基于上述想法,本文在软件无线电技术的基础上,采用LabVIEW作为软件开发平台,同时结合相关硬件实现了水情遥测系统中信号的采集、软件解调等处理过程,以达到提高系统可靠性的目的。
     文中首先分析了现行水情信息接收及处理存在的不足,提出了基于软件无线电的信息接收及处理的思想,比较了基于传统超短波电台、新型中频数字化电台以及NI的PⅪ—5600射频信号分析仪的软件无线电实现方法的优劣,最终,出于成本以及系统要求的考虑选择了传统电台的实现方法。然后分别论述了信号的采集、解调、解码纠错。信号的采集通过计算机声卡来完成,这样在满足系统采集要求的情况下还节约了成本。解调部分给出了两种不同的实现法,可以根据具体系统要求选择相应程序;此外还分析了不同信噪比条件下的误码率情况。解码部分包含了信道解码和信源解码两部分,完成了BCH解码,从而还原了测站实际水情信息。从实验结果看,这样一个利用软件来完成采集及信号处理的系统是可行的,有效的。
Receiving and processing of information are the important parts in Hydrology Telemetric telecommunication system. In traditional system, we use the Radio to complete the receiving downwards frequency conversion and FM demodulation, then the output audio signal's demodulation is accomplished by special modem. The disadvantage of this method is lack of flexibility, meanwhile, the reliability of demodulation is not good. With the development of Software Radio, this can be fulfilled by software so as to upgrade easily and save costs. Based on the software radio technology, this paper adopts LabVIEW as the platform for research and development, meanwhile, it incorporates relevant hardware to carried out the process of collection, demodulation and other processes of telemetric signals.
     The paper firstly analyzes the insufficiency of decoding by hardware, and proves the feasibility of decoding by software, then analyse traits of three methods in carrying out Software Radio: traditional transmitter-receiver, new transmitter-receiver base on intermediate frequency and NI PXI-5600. Afterwards, it respectively tells signal collection, demodulation, asynchronous and serial data receive and decode separately, concerning demodulation. Signal collection is implemented by sound card so as to save cost. Two different ways are available and adopted in accordance with specific requirements, then analyse the different BER at the different condition of the SNR. Decoding includes source decoding and channel decoding, this paper accomplishes BCH decoding. Seen from results, this way can basically meet the requirements regarding signals handling in hydrology telemetric system.
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