基于特征的领域工程及构件技术应用研究
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摘要
基于ASP/SaaS的汽车零部件产业价值链业务协同服务平台是实现从零部件采购、产品定制、运输、交付到销售,再到售后服务等全业务流程协同的公共服务平台,已经在产业链协同采购、协同销售、协同售后服务等领域开发并积累了大量的系统和软件资源。但是,随着平台的应用进一步深入,针对数千家平台应用企业各具特色的业务协同需求,如何缩短软件交付时间,提高软件开发效率及质量,赢得企业客户满意,成为平台研发中急需解决的瓶颈问题。
本文以汽车产业链零部件协同采购领域为研究对象,应用领域工程的研究方法,提出了基于扩展特征模型的领域工程解决方案,以平台已实施的多个协同采购系统为基础,从领域分析阶段开始,建立相应的层次特征模型,设计了从特征模型向构件模型映射的构件识别方法和算法,最后建立了面向汽车产业链协同采购的构件库,并针对FT工厂的协同采购信息化需求,采用基于领域工程的应用工程实施方法,通过构件的组装和应用,快速构建出应用系统,有力的提升了软件开发的效率和质量。
本文的主要研究内容和创新点主要体现在以下五个方面：
(1)针对课题的研究背景,分析了产业链协同平台的现存软件开发存在问题及需求,结合产业链协同平台的一个分支--协同采购系统,分析其进行软件复用存在的条件及可行性。在此基础上,提出领域工程的软件复用解决方案。
(2)在领域分析阶段,提出一种扩展特征的领域建模方案,扩展了特征模型的概念。给出了特征建模方法的实施过程,从业务、用户功能、行为特点三层角度详细阐述了特征模型的建立过程,辅以汽车零部件协同采购系统进行领域分析,证明了该特征模型建立的可行性。
(3)在领域设计阶段,提出一种由特征模型向领域构件的映射算法来抽取领域构件。即以特征模型为输入,输出可复用构件。给出了构件模型的定义及分类,按照不同粒度的构件分类给出了不同的识别算法,针对汽车零部件采购需求协同业务的具体特征模型,实现了构件识别。
(4)针对抽取出的大量可复用构件资源,给出了一种对构件进行有效检索的管理方法--构件库方法。构件库实现了对软构件的描述、分类和检索功能,详细介绍了描述存储构件特征的数据库结构,并结合具体构件,进行构件库系统的原型搭建。
(5)最后针对FT工厂的协同采购信息化需求,采用基于领域工程的应用工程实施方法,通过构件的组装和应用,完成了系统的快速构建。
The Auto components industrial chain collaborative commerce platform based on ASP/SaaS model achieves the functions like Auto components purchasing, product customization, transportation, delivery process, selling and after-sale service.Along with further developments and research of the platform, lots of software resource around the auto manufacture are developed and accumulated like collaborative purchase,collaborative selling、collaborative service after sale and so on. However, how to reduce the deliver time, how to promote the effeciency of software producting and win customer's satisfaction are the major bottleneck problem to be solved urgently for characteristic and collaborative business requirements of thousand of platform users.
Taking Auto components industrial value-chain industry chain collaborative purchasing domain as the study subject, the domain engineering solution based on extended feature model has been proposed with domain engineering method. Focus on the existing platform-collaborative purchasing systems, the paper builds up hierarchical feature model and designs the mapping algorithm from feature model to components and extracts the components by granularity. Then, the component library of collaborative purchasing system has been build up.At last, through component composition and application engineering solution based on domain analysis, the purchasing system has been built effectively.
The main contents and innovation are as follows:
(1) Under the background and significance of the research, the existing developed problem and requirements has been analyzed, and a kind of software reuse solution based on engineering domain has been proposed before analyzing the feasibility of software reuse in industrial value-chain collaborative platform.
(2) In domain analysis phase, a kind of extended feature domain modeling solutions has been put forward from business feature, user function, behavior character three layer point.By analyzing the auto components collaborative purchasing system, we prove the feasibility of building feature model.
(3) In domain-design phase, the paper designs the mapping algorithm from feature model to components and extracts the components by granularity. It takes the feature model as input, then output software components. Focus on the specific feature model of auto collaborative purchasing system; the related software components have been identified.
(4) For the lots of reuse software components, the paper designed an effective method to manage components-components library. The components library realize the description, classification, storage and retrieve of reusable component and the database structure of components library has been introduced as well.
(5) Finally, based on the practical requirements of FT auto factory, by using application engineering solution based on domain analysis and components reusing,the new collaborative purchasing system has been established effectively.
本文以汽车产业链零部件协同采购领域为研究对象,应用领域工程的研究方法,提出了基于扩展特征模型的领域工程解决方案,以平台已实施的多个协同采购系统为基础,从领域分析阶段开始,建立相应的层次特征模型,设计了从特征模型向构件模型映射的构件识别方法和算法,最后建立了面向汽车产业链协同采购的构件库,并针对FT工厂的协同采购信息化需求,采用基于领域工程的应用工程实施方法,通过构件的组装和应用,快速构建出应用系统,有力的提升了软件开发的效率和质量。
本文的主要研究内容和创新点主要体现在以下五个方面：
(1)针对课题的研究背景,分析了产业链协同平台的现存软件开发存在问题及需求,结合产业链协同平台的一个分支--协同采购系统,分析其进行软件复用存在的条件及可行性。在此基础上,提出领域工程的软件复用解决方案。
(2)在领域分析阶段,提出一种扩展特征的领域建模方案,扩展了特征模型的概念。给出了特征建模方法的实施过程,从业务、用户功能、行为特点三层角度详细阐述了特征模型的建立过程,辅以汽车零部件协同采购系统进行领域分析,证明了该特征模型建立的可行性。
(3)在领域设计阶段,提出一种由特征模型向领域构件的映射算法来抽取领域构件。即以特征模型为输入,输出可复用构件。给出了构件模型的定义及分类,按照不同粒度的构件分类给出了不同的识别算法,针对汽车零部件采购需求协同业务的具体特征模型,实现了构件识别。
(4)针对抽取出的大量可复用构件资源,给出了一种对构件进行有效检索的管理方法--构件库方法。构件库实现了对软构件的描述、分类和检索功能,详细介绍了描述存储构件特征的数据库结构,并结合具体构件,进行构件库系统的原型搭建。
(5)最后针对FT工厂的协同采购信息化需求,采用基于领域工程的应用工程实施方法,通过构件的组装和应用,完成了系统的快速构建。
The Auto components industrial chain collaborative commerce platform based on ASP/SaaS model achieves the functions like Auto components purchasing, product customization, transportation, delivery process, selling and after-sale service.Along with further developments and research of the platform, lots of software resource around the auto manufacture are developed and accumulated like collaborative purchase,collaborative selling、collaborative service after sale and so on. However, how to reduce the deliver time, how to promote the effeciency of software producting and win customer's satisfaction are the major bottleneck problem to be solved urgently for characteristic and collaborative business requirements of thousand of platform users.
Taking Auto components industrial value-chain industry chain collaborative purchasing domain as the study subject, the domain engineering solution based on extended feature model has been proposed with domain engineering method. Focus on the existing platform-collaborative purchasing systems, the paper builds up hierarchical feature model and designs the mapping algorithm from feature model to components and extracts the components by granularity. Then, the component library of collaborative purchasing system has been build up.At last, through component composition and application engineering solution based on domain analysis, the purchasing system has been built effectively.
The main contents and innovation are as follows:
(1) Under the background and significance of the research, the existing developed problem and requirements has been analyzed, and a kind of software reuse solution based on engineering domain has been proposed before analyzing the feasibility of software reuse in industrial value-chain collaborative platform.
(2) In domain analysis phase, a kind of extended feature domain modeling solutions has been put forward from business feature, user function, behavior character three layer point.By analyzing the auto components collaborative purchasing system, we prove the feasibility of building feature model.
(3) In domain-design phase, the paper designs the mapping algorithm from feature model to components and extracts the components by granularity. It takes the feature model as input, then output software components. Focus on the specific feature model of auto collaborative purchasing system; the related software components have been identified.
(4) For the lots of reuse software components, the paper designed an effective method to manage components-components library. The components library realize the description, classification, storage and retrieve of reusable component and the database structure of components library has been introduced as well.
(5) Finally, based on the practical requirements of FT auto factory, by using application engineering solution based on domain analysis and components reusing,the new collaborative purchasing system has been established effectively.
引文
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[3]杨芙清.软件复用及相关技术[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5)：1-4.
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[6]刘升,游晓明,陈传波.领域分析与软构件提取[J].微电子学与计算机,2002,03：57-64.
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[13]徐玮,尹宝林,李昭原.企业信息系统业务构件设计方法[J].软件学报,2003,14(7)：1213-1220.
[14]何霆,徐汉川,郭天明.面向功能构件的软件构件识别方法研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2011,28(08)：87-89.
[15]张晓明,张伟,边小凡.特定领域组件提取的研究[J].计算机应用,2002,06(22)：41-43.
[16]姚全珠,李献令,孟丽.基于XML的构件库管理框架的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,05(12)：50-54.
[17]陈立潮,张雷,潘理虎等.一种面向大规模构件库的构件检索方法[J].计算机应用与软件,2013,30(1)：147-150.
[18]黄柳青,王满红.构件中国：面向构件的方法与实践[M],清华大学出版社,2006年6月.
[19]Yamakita, K.; Yamada, H.; Kono, K.. Phase-based reboot:Reusing operating system execution phases for cheap reboot-based recovery 2011, Page(s):169-180.
[20]梅宏,谢涛,杨芙清等.青鸟构件库的构件度量[J].软件学报,2000,11(5)：634-641.
[21]上海构件库http://www.sstc.org.cn/
[22]Bjorner, Dines. A survey of domain engineering. Software Engineering Conference (APSEC),2012 19th Asia-Pacific.
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