表面黏贴式光纤光栅传感原理及其实验研究
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摘要
矿业工程由于其地质灾害的复杂性、隐蔽性和突发性等显著特点对检测技术提出了更高的要求。光纤传感技术作为一种性能优越的传感器件，在本质安全型矿井建设、岩石变形破坏监测中发挥着重要的作用，以其独特优势而处于中心地位，光纤光栅传感器是其发展的最新阶段。以表面黏贴的光纤光栅传感器和被测基体的应变传递为背景，在光纤光栅传感特性研究的基础上，本文全面分析了表面黏贴式光纤光栅传感器的应变传递过程，研究了光纤光栅传感器在岩石试件表面、圆钢锚杆表面和相似模型内部的应变传递，以及影响应变传递的主要因素，设计了适用于岩石变形破坏监测的光纤传感器。这些研究成果对于提高人们对岩石力学行为的认知、扩大光纤传感技术的使用具有重要的理论和现实意义。
从光纤光栅传感特性出发，在考虑被测基体剪切模量的前提下，分析了裸光纤光栅直接黏贴在表面进行测试的应变传递过程，得出了裸光纤光栅表面直接黏贴的应变传递系数，并与被测基体表面开浅槽埋入裸光纤的检测方法的应变传递相比较。构建了基片式光纤光栅传感器表面黏贴应变传递的力学模型，分析应变传递过程，得出了在考虑基体力学性质的基片式光纤光栅传感器的应变传递规律，分析了其影响应变传递的因素。
针对实际监测的需要，设计了铜基片式光纤光栅传感器，并对其传感特性进行了试验研究，发现其保留了裸光纤光栅的应变传感线性特性。
开展了水泥砂浆试件光纤传感器测试实验研究。在一组水泥砂浆试件的表面黏贴裸光纤光栅和电阻应变片，另一组水泥砂浆试件的表面黏贴铜基片式光纤光栅传感器和电阻应变片，在万能材料试验机上进行单轴压缩实验，研究裸光纤光栅和铜基片式光纤光栅在岩石试件表面的应变传递系数，并与理论得出的应变传递系数比较。证明了铜基片式光纤光栅传感器与裸光纤光栅都可以用于岩石试件的变形检测中。
在模拟煤矿巷道锚杆支护的受力过程中开展了光纤传感器测试实验。将三个裸光纤光栅黏贴在圆钢锚杆的表面，进行全锚拉拔破坏实验，同时在杆身的对应位置黏贴电阻应变片，分析裸光纤光栅在圆钢锚杆表面的应变传递情况，高斯函数很好的拟合了由光纤光栅测试的全锚锚杆拉拔过程中的轴力。实验表明，高斯拟合参数t与岩体对锚杆杆体的握裹程度相关。
在平面应力物理模型中研究了基片式光纤光栅传感器的应变传递。将铜基片式光纤光栅传感器、醋酸乙烯封装的管式光纤光栅传感器和不锈钢封装的管式光纤光栅传感器分别应用于模型尺寸0.5m×0.5m×0.14m和3.0m×1.33m×0.2m的两个平面应力模型中，并在对应位置架设了百分表，分析了三种传感器的应变传递和对岩层变形的检测，结果发现，基片式光纤光栅传感器与岩层有更好的契合度，有稳定的应变传递，更适宜用于相似物理模型的实验测试中。
通过表面黏贴的光纤光栅传感器的应变传递研究，以及在岩石试件、圆钢锚杆和平面物理模型上的实验，理论分析和实验研究所得出的光纤光栅表面黏贴的应变传递规律，对表面黏贴的光纤传感技术用于固体材料检测具有重要的借鉴作用。
Because the mineral engineering hazard has the characteristics of complexity,ambiguity and burstiness, it needs further development of the sensing technology. Optic fibersensor is playing an important role in rock deformation monitoring.Fiber Bragg grating sensoris a new type of high performance sensor. Based on the strain transfer of surface FBG sensorwas analyzed. The strain transfer was analyzed when the surface FBG sensors were sticked tothe rock sample, round steel bolt and plane deformation model. It is significant for increasingour knowledge level of the mechanics action and the application of the FBG sensor.
In this paper, based on the FBG’s sensing properties, under the consideration of themodulus of elasticity of the host material,the strain transfer of the bare FBG was analyzed.Thestrain transfer coefficient was got and compared with one which the bare FBG was buried inthe shallow slot of the host. The mechanics model of the substrate packaged FBG strainsensor was constructed, the strain transfer was analyzed and the strain transfer law wasobtained.Under the consideration of the modulus of elasticity of the host material,the factorsinfluencing strain transfer ratio of FBG stain sensor were analyzed.
Considering the factual need, the copper substrate packaged FBG strain sensor had beendeveloped and their sensing properties were investigated experimentally.
Two groups of uniaxial compression tests on rock samples were launched,one of whichhad the bare FBG and ESG,the other one had the copper substrate packaged FBG sensor andESG. The strain transfer coefficients were got when the bare FBG and the copper slicepackaged FBG sensor were sticked to the rock samples.The result shows that both of the bareFBG and the copper slice FBG sensor can be used in the rock deformation monitoring.
In order to simulate the forces of coal mine tunnel anchor bolts, three bare FBG sensorswere placed along the bolt to measure strain and three ESGs were placed adjacent to the fiberoptic sensors.The pullout test was made to got the strain transfer coefficients of the bare FBGsticked to the round steel bolt.The result shows that the axial stress got by Gaussian function fit is nearly the fact. The parameter t of the Gaussian function is related with the grip abilityof the rock.
In order to analyze the strain transfer of the copper slice FBG sensor, the copper sliceFBG sensors, the vinyl acetate tube FBG sensors and the stainless steel tube FBG sensorswere placed in two plane simulation models.The size of the two models were0.5m×0.5m×0.14m and3.0m×1.33m×0.2m and the dial indicators were placed correspondingto the FBG sensors.The strain transfers of the three sensors were got.The result shows that thefit between the slice packaged FBG sensors and the model is better than between the tubepackaged sensors and the model.
The bare FBG sensors and the slice FBG sensors are applied in rock sample test,boltpullout test and plane simulation model.The train transfer coefficients of the bare FBGsensors and the slice FBG sensors are got and compared with the coefficients in theory. Thetest result validates the established transferring model of surface pasting.
从光纤光栅传感特性出发，在考虑被测基体剪切模量的前提下，分析了裸光纤光栅直接黏贴在表面进行测试的应变传递过程，得出了裸光纤光栅表面直接黏贴的应变传递系数，并与被测基体表面开浅槽埋入裸光纤的检测方法的应变传递相比较。构建了基片式光纤光栅传感器表面黏贴应变传递的力学模型，分析应变传递过程，得出了在考虑基体力学性质的基片式光纤光栅传感器的应变传递规律，分析了其影响应变传递的因素。
针对实际监测的需要，设计了铜基片式光纤光栅传感器，并对其传感特性进行了试验研究，发现其保留了裸光纤光栅的应变传感线性特性。
开展了水泥砂浆试件光纤传感器测试实验研究。在一组水泥砂浆试件的表面黏贴裸光纤光栅和电阻应变片，另一组水泥砂浆试件的表面黏贴铜基片式光纤光栅传感器和电阻应变片，在万能材料试验机上进行单轴压缩实验，研究裸光纤光栅和铜基片式光纤光栅在岩石试件表面的应变传递系数，并与理论得出的应变传递系数比较。证明了铜基片式光纤光栅传感器与裸光纤光栅都可以用于岩石试件的变形检测中。
在模拟煤矿巷道锚杆支护的受力过程中开展了光纤传感器测试实验。将三个裸光纤光栅黏贴在圆钢锚杆的表面，进行全锚拉拔破坏实验，同时在杆身的对应位置黏贴电阻应变片，分析裸光纤光栅在圆钢锚杆表面的应变传递情况，高斯函数很好的拟合了由光纤光栅测试的全锚锚杆拉拔过程中的轴力。实验表明，高斯拟合参数t与岩体对锚杆杆体的握裹程度相关。
在平面应力物理模型中研究了基片式光纤光栅传感器的应变传递。将铜基片式光纤光栅传感器、醋酸乙烯封装的管式光纤光栅传感器和不锈钢封装的管式光纤光栅传感器分别应用于模型尺寸0.5m×0.5m×0.14m和3.0m×1.33m×0.2m的两个平面应力模型中，并在对应位置架设了百分表，分析了三种传感器的应变传递和对岩层变形的检测，结果发现，基片式光纤光栅传感器与岩层有更好的契合度，有稳定的应变传递，更适宜用于相似物理模型的实验测试中。
通过表面黏贴的光纤光栅传感器的应变传递研究，以及在岩石试件、圆钢锚杆和平面物理模型上的实验，理论分析和实验研究所得出的光纤光栅表面黏贴的应变传递规律，对表面黏贴的光纤传感技术用于固体材料检测具有重要的借鉴作用。
Because the mineral engineering hazard has the characteristics of complexity,ambiguity and burstiness, it needs further development of the sensing technology. Optic fibersensor is playing an important role in rock deformation monitoring.Fiber Bragg grating sensoris a new type of high performance sensor. Based on the strain transfer of surface FBG sensorwas analyzed. The strain transfer was analyzed when the surface FBG sensors were sticked tothe rock sample, round steel bolt and plane deformation model. It is significant for increasingour knowledge level of the mechanics action and the application of the FBG sensor.
In this paper, based on the FBG’s sensing properties, under the consideration of themodulus of elasticity of the host material,the strain transfer of the bare FBG was analyzed.Thestrain transfer coefficient was got and compared with one which the bare FBG was buried inthe shallow slot of the host. The mechanics model of the substrate packaged FBG strainsensor was constructed, the strain transfer was analyzed and the strain transfer law wasobtained.Under the consideration of the modulus of elasticity of the host material,the factorsinfluencing strain transfer ratio of FBG stain sensor were analyzed.
Considering the factual need, the copper substrate packaged FBG strain sensor had beendeveloped and their sensing properties were investigated experimentally.
Two groups of uniaxial compression tests on rock samples were launched,one of whichhad the bare FBG and ESG,the other one had the copper substrate packaged FBG sensor andESG. The strain transfer coefficients were got when the bare FBG and the copper slicepackaged FBG sensor were sticked to the rock samples.The result shows that both of the bareFBG and the copper slice FBG sensor can be used in the rock deformation monitoring.
In order to simulate the forces of coal mine tunnel anchor bolts, three bare FBG sensorswere placed along the bolt to measure strain and three ESGs were placed adjacent to the fiberoptic sensors.The pullout test was made to got the strain transfer coefficients of the bare FBGsticked to the round steel bolt.The result shows that the axial stress got by Gaussian function fit is nearly the fact. The parameter t of the Gaussian function is related with the grip abilityof the rock.
In order to analyze the strain transfer of the copper slice FBG sensor, the copper sliceFBG sensors, the vinyl acetate tube FBG sensors and the stainless steel tube FBG sensorswere placed in two plane simulation models.The size of the two models were0.5m×0.5m×0.14m and3.0m×1.33m×0.2m and the dial indicators were placed correspondingto the FBG sensors.The strain transfers of the three sensors were got.The result shows that thefit between the slice packaged FBG sensors and the model is better than between the tubepackaged sensors and the model.
The bare FBG sensors and the slice FBG sensors are applied in rock sample test,boltpullout test and plane simulation model.The train transfer coefficients of the bare FBGsensors and the slice FBG sensors are got and compared with the coefficients in theory. Thetest result validates the established transferring model of surface pasting.
引文
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