焦家金矿锚索支护扩大进路安全技术研究
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摘要
焦家金矿经过多年开采,目前主要存在上向进路充填法进路规格小、生产效率低、回采安全性差的问题,为了解决这一重大生产技术难题,查阅大量国内外相关文献,结合焦家金矿实际情况,提出锚索支护扩大进路规格的方法。运用数值模拟的方法对直接扩大进路规格和在锚索支护的情况下扩大进路规格进行稳定性分析,论证进路可以扩大的规格及可行性。选定试验采场进行现场工业试验,并对试验结果进行总结、分析。提出一种基于AHP和模糊综合评价相结合的方法对进路扩大后的采场顶板进行安全评价,保证矿山安全、经济、高效回采。完成的主要研究成果和结论如下：
1)经过详细的调查分析,查阅国内外相关参考文献,提出了锚索支护扩大进路规格的方法,在保证安全回采的同时,提高矿山生产效率。
2)运用数值模拟软件ANSYS对直接扩大进路规格和在锚索支护的情况下扩大进路规格分别进行稳定性分析。结果显示,一步回采时顶板稳定性都较好。二步回采时扩大进路跨度为3.5m时,顶板抗拉安全系数分别为1.34和2.77；进路跨度为4m时,顶板抗拉安全系数分别为0.75和1.63。对比可以看出锚索支护后,顶板抗拉安全系数有了明显提高,顶板稳定性好。因此,可在锚索支护的前提下将进路规格扩大为4m。
3)选取-270中段81124采场为试验采场,进行锚索支护扩大进路规格现场工业试验。对施工锚索进行拉拔力检测,得出拉力符合设计要求,施工质量较好。经过统计,进路规格扩大后,回采效率和采场生产能力提高30%以上,为矿山每年多带来15万t矿石的利润,经济效益十分明显。
4)利用AHP和模糊综合评价相结合的方法对采场顶板稳定性进行安全评价,层次分析法确定各评价指标因素的权重向最W,有模糊综合评价法得出综合评判向量B=[0.0004 0.7607 0.2208 0.01150.0067],据最大隶属度原则可知进路扩大后采场顶板较稳定,取得较好效果。
After mining for years,the jiaojia gold mine mainly possesses those problems at present,for example,small drift size of the upward drift stoping with backfilling,low production efficiency and poor mining safety.To solve this major production technology problem,the method of expanding drift size with anchor cable support was come up with through consulting lots of related reference at home and abroad and combining with the actual situation of the jiaojia gold mine.the drift stability was analysed on the different condition of directly expanding drift size and doing with the anchor cable support,which demonstrated the appropriate size and the feasibility of expanding drift by the method of numerical simulation.The test stope was Selected to make industrial field test,and the test results were summarized and analyzed.The method was put forward based on the combination of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,which make the safety evaluation on the stope roof after expanding drift size to make sure that the mining was economic and efficient The major research results and conclusions are as follow:
1) According to detailed investigation and analysis,and read domestic and foreign reference,the method of expanding the drift size by anchor cable support was put forward,which could make sure the safety of mining and improve mine production efficiency.
2) The stability was analysed by numerical simulation software ANSYS on the condition of directly expanding drift size and doing with anchor cable support.the results showed that the stope roof was stable when the drift was first-step mined.the tensile safety factor was respectively 1.34 and 2.77 when the drift was second-step mined and the span was expanded to 3.5m,and the tensile safety factor was respectively 0.75 and 1.63 when the drift was second-step mined and the span was expanded to 4m.in contrast,it could be seen that the tensile safety factor of the roof had been significantly improved and the roof was stable.therefore,the span of drift would be expanded to 4m when the stope roof was supported by anchor cable.
3) The 81124 stope was selected for the test stope in -270m middle part,in which it done the industrial field test expanding the span of drift by anchor cable support.the drawing force of the anchor cables had been installed were detacted,which showed that the drawing force met the design requirements and the quality was good.according to the statistics,the efficiency of mining and the production capacity improved above 30% after the drift size was expanded,which brought 15 million ton profits every one year for Jiaojia gold mine and the economic efficency was very obvious.
4) The stope roof stability was evaluated by the method combining AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.the weight vector of all index factors was determined according to Analytic Hierarchy Process.comprehension evaluation vector of stope roof stability determined by fuzzy comprehensive evalution was [0.0004 0.7607 0.2208 0.0115 0.0067].therefore,according to the maximum membership principle,the stope roof was stable after the drift was expanded,which achieved better results.
1)经过详细的调查分析,查阅国内外相关参考文献,提出了锚索支护扩大进路规格的方法,在保证安全回采的同时,提高矿山生产效率。
2)运用数值模拟软件ANSYS对直接扩大进路规格和在锚索支护的情况下扩大进路规格分别进行稳定性分析。结果显示,一步回采时顶板稳定性都较好。二步回采时扩大进路跨度为3.5m时,顶板抗拉安全系数分别为1.34和2.77；进路跨度为4m时,顶板抗拉安全系数分别为0.75和1.63。对比可以看出锚索支护后,顶板抗拉安全系数有了明显提高,顶板稳定性好。因此,可在锚索支护的前提下将进路规格扩大为4m。
3)选取-270中段81124采场为试验采场,进行锚索支护扩大进路规格现场工业试验。对施工锚索进行拉拔力检测,得出拉力符合设计要求,施工质量较好。经过统计,进路规格扩大后,回采效率和采场生产能力提高30%以上,为矿山每年多带来15万t矿石的利润,经济效益十分明显。
4)利用AHP和模糊综合评价相结合的方法对采场顶板稳定性进行安全评价,层次分析法确定各评价指标因素的权重向最W,有模糊综合评价法得出综合评判向量B=[0.0004 0.7607 0.2208 0.01150.0067],据最大隶属度原则可知进路扩大后采场顶板较稳定,取得较好效果。
After mining for years,the jiaojia gold mine mainly possesses those problems at present,for example,small drift size of the upward drift stoping with backfilling,low production efficiency and poor mining safety.To solve this major production technology problem,the method of expanding drift size with anchor cable support was come up with through consulting lots of related reference at home and abroad and combining with the actual situation of the jiaojia gold mine.the drift stability was analysed on the different condition of directly expanding drift size and doing with the anchor cable support,which demonstrated the appropriate size and the feasibility of expanding drift by the method of numerical simulation.The test stope was Selected to make industrial field test,and the test results were summarized and analyzed.The method was put forward based on the combination of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,which make the safety evaluation on the stope roof after expanding drift size to make sure that the mining was economic and efficient The major research results and conclusions are as follow:
1) According to detailed investigation and analysis,and read domestic and foreign reference,the method of expanding the drift size by anchor cable support was put forward,which could make sure the safety of mining and improve mine production efficiency.
2) The stability was analysed by numerical simulation software ANSYS on the condition of directly expanding drift size and doing with anchor cable support.the results showed that the stope roof was stable when the drift was first-step mined.the tensile safety factor was respectively 1.34 and 2.77 when the drift was second-step mined and the span was expanded to 3.5m,and the tensile safety factor was respectively 0.75 and 1.63 when the drift was second-step mined and the span was expanded to 4m.in contrast,it could be seen that the tensile safety factor of the roof had been significantly improved and the roof was stable.therefore,the span of drift would be expanded to 4m when the stope roof was supported by anchor cable.
3) The 81124 stope was selected for the test stope in -270m middle part,in which it done the industrial field test expanding the span of drift by anchor cable support.the drawing force of the anchor cables had been installed were detacted,which showed that the drawing force met the design requirements and the quality was good.according to the statistics,the efficiency of mining and the production capacity improved above 30% after the drift size was expanded,which brought 15 million ton profits every one year for Jiaojia gold mine and the economic efficency was very obvious.
4) The stope roof stability was evaluated by the method combining AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.the weight vector of all index factors was determined according to Analytic Hierarchy Process.comprehension evaluation vector of stope roof stability determined by fuzzy comprehensive evalution was [0.0004 0.7607 0.2208 0.0115 0.0067].therefore,according to the maximum membership principle,the stope roof was stable after the drift was expanded,which achieved better results.
引文
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