一个大型购物超市火灾风险分析系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展,容易造成人员大量伤亡和重大财产损失的火灾问题越来越成为人们瞩目的焦点。在各类火灾中,建筑类火灾对人们的危害最严重、最直接。本文所研究的大型购物超市地处苏州古城区,建筑面积近三万平方米,周边有人员密度相当大的几个居住区,平均每天接待的顾客人数在五万以上,每逢节假日等高峰期可达十万以上,因此超市的消防安全状况极为重要。本文设计和实现了一个用于大型超市火灾风险分析系统,可以有效地防范建筑类火灾。
根据该大型购物超市的建筑结构、货物分布、内部可燃物和人流量等具体情况,并考虑到在火灾风险评判过程中存在着大量不确定性,即存在着评判边界不清楚、可用于评判的数据少等诸多不确定问题,本文设计了基于模糊理论大型购物超市火灾风险分析系统;并实现了相应的分析系统软件;还利用完成的评价软件,对一个大型购物超市进行了火灾风险评估测试,初步验证了该评价方法具有实用性强、操作方便等优点,能较好地对大型购物超市等大型公共场所的火灾风险进行评估。
With the fast development of the economy in our country,the fire disasters have become one of the great concerns of people. Among all different fire disasters,the fire of buildings is most straightforward and dangerous to people. The example supermarket studied in this paper is located in the commercial center area of the ancient city, Suzhou, with nearly thirty thousand square meters, and surrounded by a large number of dense residential areas. The average number of daily customers is usually more than 50000, with exceptionally much more peaks on holidays. Therefore fire risk analysis for such supermarkets is of great importance. This thesis designs and implements a fire risk analysis system for such supermarkets to prevent fire disasters efficiently.
The supermarket architectural construction, goods distribution, internal combustible material and people flow are all considered for the design of the fire risk analysis system. During the design process, too many uncertainties of fire risk but too less quantified criterion are always encountered, which leads to the unclear boundaries of the assessments. Fuzzy theory is then employed to deal with such uncertainties. After the design, a prototype system is implemented. The final system is applied to a real supermarket for fire risk assessment, so that the proof-of-concept for the system has been validated.
根据该大型购物超市的建筑结构、货物分布、内部可燃物和人流量等具体情况,并考虑到在火灾风险评判过程中存在着大量不确定性,即存在着评判边界不清楚、可用于评判的数据少等诸多不确定问题,本文设计了基于模糊理论大型购物超市火灾风险分析系统;并实现了相应的分析系统软件;还利用完成的评价软件,对一个大型购物超市进行了火灾风险评估测试,初步验证了该评价方法具有实用性强、操作方便等优点,能较好地对大型购物超市等大型公共场所的火灾风险进行评估。
With the fast development of the economy in our country,the fire disasters have become one of the great concerns of people. Among all different fire disasters,the fire of buildings is most straightforward and dangerous to people. The example supermarket studied in this paper is located in the commercial center area of the ancient city, Suzhou, with nearly thirty thousand square meters, and surrounded by a large number of dense residential areas. The average number of daily customers is usually more than 50000, with exceptionally much more peaks on holidays. Therefore fire risk analysis for such supermarkets is of great importance. This thesis designs and implements a fire risk analysis system for such supermarkets to prevent fire disasters efficiently.
The supermarket architectural construction, goods distribution, internal combustible material and people flow are all considered for the design of the fire risk analysis system. During the design process, too many uncertainties of fire risk but too less quantified criterion are always encountered, which leads to the unclear boundaries of the assessments. Fuzzy theory is then employed to deal with such uncertainties. After the design, a prototype system is implemented. The final system is applied to a real supermarket for fire risk assessment, so that the proof-of-concept for the system has been validated.
引文
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[11]许桂方等.基于模糊数学的火灾安全综合评价模型及应用.工业安全与环保.2005.31(7):30-32
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[18]王鹏飞等.商厦火灾危险性评价研究.工业安全与环保.2003.5:27-29
[19]袁嘉祖.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1991
[20]贺挺.大型商场建筑消防安全评估.重庆大学工程硕士学位论文,2005:33-34
[21]田玉敏等.高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价方法.中国安全科学学报.2004.9:99-103
[22]建筑设计防火规范.GBJ16-95
[23]吴凤.大型地下商场火灾安全疏散性能化设计研究.西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2005:4-6
[24] K. T. Yang Role Of Fire Field Models As A Design Tool For Performance-Based Fire-Code Implementations International Journal On Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes 1999.1(1). 11-17
[25]中华人民共和国消防法. 2003
[26]苏州市消防监督管理规定. 2005
[27]苏州市社会消防安全教育培训规定. 2008
[28]苏州市城市房屋安全管理办法(苏州市人民政府令第88号). 2009
[29]高层民用建筑设计防火规范GB50045-95(2005年版). 2005
[2]郑双忠等.商场火灾危险性的评价方法.东北大学学报.2003.2:162-165
[3]范维澄等.火灾风险评估方法学.科学出版社.2004:17
[4]祁晓霞.大型商场安全疏散研究.重庆大学工程硕士学位论文.2005:5-6
[5]林泽炎.事故预防使用技术.科学技术文献出版社.1999
[6]冉鹏.基于性能的防火规范现状及火灾数学模型所起的作用.消防技术与产品信息. 2000.155(11)3-5
[7]梅秀娟.火灾场模型作为性能化防火设计规范设计工具的作用消防技术与产品信息2000.148(4).34-36
[8]汪箭.吴振坤.徐琼.范维澄.火灾安全工程设计的发展和研究.消防科学与技术.1999.(4).18-21
[9]李引擎.建筑防火的性能设计及规范.建筑科学.2002.10:53-55
[10]伍爱友等.建筑物火灾危险性的模糊评价.火灾科学.2004.2:99-105
[11]许桂方等.基于模糊数学的火灾安全综合评价模型及应用.工业安全与环保.2005.31(7):30-32
[12]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990
[13]伍爱友等.矿井内因火灾危险性的模糊评价.煤炭科学技术.2004.7:58-62
[14]胡忠日等.高层建筑火灾危险性模糊综合评估初探.消防科学与技术.2003.5:354-356
[15] James G. Quintiere. Compartment Fire Modeling SFPE Handbook Of Fire Protection Engineering Section3/ Chapter9. 2nd Edition Society Of Fire Protection Engineers. Boston.Massachusetts. P3-125-3-133. 1995
[16]吴望名等.应用模糊集方法.北京:北京师范大学,1985
[17]邓聚龙、刘思峰等.灰色系统理论研究新发展.武汉华中理工大学出版社,1996
[18]王鹏飞等.商厦火灾危险性评价研究.工业安全与环保.2003.5:27-29
[19]袁嘉祖.灰色系统理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1991
[20]贺挺.大型商场建筑消防安全评估.重庆大学工程硕士学位论文,2005:33-34
[21]田玉敏等.高层建筑火灾风险的概率模糊综合评价方法.中国安全科学学报.2004.9:99-103
[22]建筑设计防火规范.GBJ16-95
[23]吴凤.大型地下商场火灾安全疏散性能化设计研究.西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2005:4-6
[24] K. T. Yang Role Of Fire Field Models As A Design Tool For Performance-Based Fire-Code Implementations International Journal On Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes 1999.1(1). 11-17
[25]中华人民共和国消防法. 2003
[26]苏州市消防监督管理规定. 2005
[27]苏州市社会消防安全教育培训规定. 2008
[28]苏州市城市房屋安全管理办法(苏州市人民政府令第88号). 2009
[29]高层民用建筑设计防火规范GB50045-95(2005年版). 2005