瞬变电磁法探测煤矿水害应用研究
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摘要
瞬变电磁法(Transient Electromagnetic Method)简称TEM,属于感应类电磁探测方法。该方法具有简便、快捷、对低阻体敏感等优点,广泛的应用于矿产资源勘探、环境地质调查、水文地质与工程地质调查等领域,已成为煤矿水害探测最为有效的方法,为矿井安全生产提供了有力的保证。
本文侧重于实际应用,对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿水害的机理、数值模拟计算、资料处理解释方法等方面进行探讨研究。
从麦克斯韦方程出发,对目前普遍应用的TEM同心装置,推导了水平层状介质下的瞬变响应表达式;简要介绍了几种常用的反演解释方法;针对煤矿归纳了影响瞬变电磁法资料所涉及的几种主要干扰类型,针对各类噪声的特点分析了50Hz工频电噪声及高值噪声的抑制方法。探讨了煤矿开采区勘探时非涡流直接引起的瞬变响应的识别与抑制方法、地形影响校正方法、金属构件影响校正方法等;由于瞬变电磁法正反演理论都是建立在垂直阶跃电流激发条件下的,而实际激发电流不能立即关断,要有一定延迟,其波形不是方波,所以要进行校正。基于此,推导了关断电流斜坡情况下的响应表达式,给出了简便的校正方法;介绍了有限单元法求解二、三维瞬变电磁响应的基本理论,综合一般煤矿地电特征,并根据煤矿开采的特点简化设计典型水害地电模型,进行正演计算。结果表明,对于积水采空区和直立导水断层等水害源,电阻率断面图和多测道曲线异常表现明显,但低阻异常从浅层到深层贯通,有拖长现象。
实际应用印证了正演模拟的结论,同时取得了良好的地质效果和社会效益,为煤矿安全高效生产提供了有力保证。
As one kind of time-domain electromagnetic prospecting method, the transient electromagnetic method (shorted as TEM) has been applied widely with it’s advantage such as facility, express & sensitive on low-resistance in prospecting resource ,surveying and investigating hydrology, engineering and environment. It is the best choice of detecting water hazards in coal mine areas and has been become powerful resolution to ensure safety in coal mine producing.
The paper aims at main aspects of central-loop TEM, such as the theory of detecting water hazards, modeling, data processing etc.
Basically on Maxwell equation, induced solution of TEM response of horizontal layered medium using central loop unit widely applied in TEM prospecting. Introduced briefly on several most commonly method on inversion and interpretation. Summed up the main kinds of noises, analyzed the methods of canceling 50Hz AC as well as high amplitude noise according to their features in TEM data. Discussed the identification and suppression methods of the transient response that caused by the non-swirl, the methods of terrain correction, the methods of metal structures correction in mining area exploration. Because the forward & inversion theory of TEM is founded on vertical current pulse, the stimulation current turn off has ramp actually. So must be correct, and a simple correction is given. Introduced the basic theory of Solving two or three-dimensional TEM response by the finite element method (FEM). After considered the characteristics of electricity of earth and mining situations in coal mine, designed simplify model, and do forward calculations. The calculation results showed that resistivity sections and more measured performance curve maps obviously abnormal to reflect the actual situation of the water hazards in the mined-out area and mine water fault, but very low resistivity from shallow to deep link up, with prolonged phenomenon.
Practical applications are also confirms the conclusions of this calculations, made a good geological effects and social benefits at the same time. The applications provided a strong guarantee for the efficient production of coal mine safety.
本文侧重于实际应用,对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿水害的机理、数值模拟计算、资料处理解释方法等方面进行探讨研究。
从麦克斯韦方程出发,对目前普遍应用的TEM同心装置,推导了水平层状介质下的瞬变响应表达式;简要介绍了几种常用的反演解释方法;针对煤矿归纳了影响瞬变电磁法资料所涉及的几种主要干扰类型,针对各类噪声的特点分析了50Hz工频电噪声及高值噪声的抑制方法。探讨了煤矿开采区勘探时非涡流直接引起的瞬变响应的识别与抑制方法、地形影响校正方法、金属构件影响校正方法等;由于瞬变电磁法正反演理论都是建立在垂直阶跃电流激发条件下的,而实际激发电流不能立即关断,要有一定延迟,其波形不是方波,所以要进行校正。基于此,推导了关断电流斜坡情况下的响应表达式,给出了简便的校正方法;介绍了有限单元法求解二、三维瞬变电磁响应的基本理论,综合一般煤矿地电特征,并根据煤矿开采的特点简化设计典型水害地电模型,进行正演计算。结果表明,对于积水采空区和直立导水断层等水害源,电阻率断面图和多测道曲线异常表现明显,但低阻异常从浅层到深层贯通,有拖长现象。
实际应用印证了正演模拟的结论,同时取得了良好的地质效果和社会效益,为煤矿安全高效生产提供了有力保证。
As one kind of time-domain electromagnetic prospecting method, the transient electromagnetic method (shorted as TEM) has been applied widely with it’s advantage such as facility, express & sensitive on low-resistance in prospecting resource ,surveying and investigating hydrology, engineering and environment. It is the best choice of detecting water hazards in coal mine areas and has been become powerful resolution to ensure safety in coal mine producing.
The paper aims at main aspects of central-loop TEM, such as the theory of detecting water hazards, modeling, data processing etc.
Basically on Maxwell equation, induced solution of TEM response of horizontal layered medium using central loop unit widely applied in TEM prospecting. Introduced briefly on several most commonly method on inversion and interpretation. Summed up the main kinds of noises, analyzed the methods of canceling 50Hz AC as well as high amplitude noise according to their features in TEM data. Discussed the identification and suppression methods of the transient response that caused by the non-swirl, the methods of terrain correction, the methods of metal structures correction in mining area exploration. Because the forward & inversion theory of TEM is founded on vertical current pulse, the stimulation current turn off has ramp actually. So must be correct, and a simple correction is given. Introduced the basic theory of Solving two or three-dimensional TEM response by the finite element method (FEM). After considered the characteristics of electricity of earth and mining situations in coal mine, designed simplify model, and do forward calculations. The calculation results showed that resistivity sections and more measured performance curve maps obviously abnormal to reflect the actual situation of the water hazards in the mined-out area and mine water fault, but very low resistivity from shallow to deep link up, with prolonged phenomenon.
Practical applications are also confirms the conclusions of this calculations, made a good geological effects and social benefits at the same time. The applications provided a strong guarantee for the efficient production of coal mine safety.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局编.中国统计年签—2004[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2004
[3]国家煤矿安全监察局.2005年全国煤矿特大事故分析报告[R].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2006
[4]国家煤矿安全监察局.2006年全国煤矿事故分析报告[R].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007
[5]国家煤矿安全监察局.煤矿安全规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004
[6]虎维岳著.矿山水害防治理论与方法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005
[7]董书宁,虎维岳.中国煤矿水害基本特征及其主要影响因素[J] .煤田地质与勘探.2007,35(5):34-38
[8] [美] A.A.考夫曼,G.V.凯勒著频率域和时间域电测测深[M] .王建谋译北京:地质出版社1987
[9]朴化荣编著.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[10]傅良魁主编.应用地球物理教程—电法放射性地热[M].北京:地质出版社,1991
[11]牛之琏编著.时间域电磁法原理[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1992
[12]蒋邦远主编.实用近区磁源瞬变电磁法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1998
[13]李貅编著.瞬变电磁测深的理论与应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2002
[14]王为民主编.电磁场理论[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1986
[15]傅君眉,冯恩信编著.高等电磁理论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002
[16]薛国强,李貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J] .地球物理学进展.2007,22(4):1195-1200
[17]刘光鼎.回顾与展望——21世纪的固体地球物理[J].地球物理学进展.2002,17(2):191-197
[18]建场法多测站探测系统瞬变电磁勘探方法研究煤炭科学研究总院西安分院课题报告.2003
[19]严良俊,徐世浙,胡文宝等.中心回线瞬变电磁测深法快速电阻率成像方法及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2002,30(6):58-60
[20]严良俊,徐世浙,胡文宝等.中心回线瞬变电磁测深全区视是纵向电导解释方法[J].浙江大学学报(理学版).2003,30(2):237-240
[21]白登海,Maxwell A Meju,卢健等.时间域瞬变电磁法中心方式全程视电阻率的数值计算[J].地球物理学报.2003,46(5):697-704
[22]李貅,全红娟,许阿祥等.瞬变电磁的微分电导成像[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,31(6):59-61
[23]梁爽,李貅等.用瞬变电磁法探测煤矿水害.安全高效煤矿地质保障系统技术及应用,煤炭工业出版社,2007
[24]梁爽.大同煤矿集团有限责任公司云冈煤矿311盘区地面瞬变电磁法(TEM)勘探工程成果报告.煤炭科学研究总院西安分院,2006
[25]薛国强.瞬变电磁探测深地下洞体的可行性分析[J] .石油大学学报(自然科学版).2004,28(5):135-138
[26]纪英楠,许炳如编.电磁场原理与计算[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993
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