无功功率自动补偿控制系统的研究和设计
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摘要
低压配电网是负荷供电的直接来源。在电力负荷中，有很大一部份是感性负荷，它不仅消耗有功功率也吸收很多无功功率，造成功率因数下降，降低供电质量和供电能力。
本文在充分调研的基础上，认为目前采用的传统的无功功率补偿装置存在响应速度慢、触发时刻不合适、补偿电容器上有残压、不能实行三相平衡补偿、对电网产生污染、不能消除负荷本身产生的高次谐波等弊病。针对这些实用性不强的无功功率补偿装置，本文提出了采用静止式无功功率自动补偿分相控制的系统总体方案，使补偿响应速度和补偿精度大为提高。主控器以80C196单片机为系统核心，触发采用晶闸管反并联动态补偿模式，本文进行了系统硬件设计、软件设计。在提高补偿精度和抗干扰方面进行了较为深入的研究。进行了动模试验，验证系统达到了设计要求。
The T&C net of low voltage is direct resource of loads linked on.. There are various inductive loads on the net. It will not only consume active power, but also absorb more reactive power. Lastly, it can results in lowering power factor (cos ~(φ)), and also damaging the quality of low voltage power's net. And it degrades seriously the ability of supplying power.
On the base of widely investigating and researching, author deems that the conventional reactive power compensation devices used by consumer had many defects with among others: lower response time, remaining residual voltage on the compensation capacitors , and so on. Because of existing improper trigging time, It is impossible to realizing balance compensation for 3-phrase unbalance loads. Meanwhile it can contaminate T& C low voltage power net too, and does not eliminate harmonics created by consumers themselves.
Aimed to the above mentioned defects of reactive power compensation devices being used widely up to now and no value of practical application, the article described the principle of compensation reactive power controlled by intellectual static auto-compensation system which is of every phrase active power compensation and three phrase balance compensation. The compensation system will result in decreasing response time and improving compensation accuracy. The main controller based on the chip-microprocessor 80cl98, and the model of dynamic compensation with inverse parallel rectifier diodes were taken. The stipulated requirement of development and research were fully reached during dynamic simulative test.
本文在充分调研的基础上，认为目前采用的传统的无功功率补偿装置存在响应速度慢、触发时刻不合适、补偿电容器上有残压、不能实行三相平衡补偿、对电网产生污染、不能消除负荷本身产生的高次谐波等弊病。针对这些实用性不强的无功功率补偿装置，本文提出了采用静止式无功功率自动补偿分相控制的系统总体方案，使补偿响应速度和补偿精度大为提高。主控器以80C196单片机为系统核心，触发采用晶闸管反并联动态补偿模式，本文进行了系统硬件设计、软件设计。在提高补偿精度和抗干扰方面进行了较为深入的研究。进行了动模试验，验证系统达到了设计要求。
The T&C net of low voltage is direct resource of loads linked on.. There are various inductive loads on the net. It will not only consume active power, but also absorb more reactive power. Lastly, it can results in lowering power factor (cos ~(φ)), and also damaging the quality of low voltage power's net. And it degrades seriously the ability of supplying power.
On the base of widely investigating and researching, author deems that the conventional reactive power compensation devices used by consumer had many defects with among others: lower response time, remaining residual voltage on the compensation capacitors , and so on. Because of existing improper trigging time, It is impossible to realizing balance compensation for 3-phrase unbalance loads. Meanwhile it can contaminate T& C low voltage power net too, and does not eliminate harmonics created by consumers themselves.
Aimed to the above mentioned defects of reactive power compensation devices being used widely up to now and no value of practical application, the article described the principle of compensation reactive power controlled by intellectual static auto-compensation system which is of every phrase active power compensation and three phrase balance compensation. The compensation system will result in decreasing response time and improving compensation accuracy. The main controller based on the chip-microprocessor 80cl98, and the model of dynamic compensation with inverse parallel rectifier diodes were taken. The stipulated requirement of development and research were fully reached during dynamic simulative test.
引文
1 孙涵芳．INTEL 16位单片机．第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1995
2 李晓明．低压配电网动态的无功补偿．武汉水利电力大学学报．98(5)：59-62
3 王兆安．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
4 张传利．无功补偿电容器组故障分析．第一版．北京：科学出版社，1996
5 米勒．电力系统无功功率控制．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
6 胡桢祥．电力系统自动控制．第一版．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1993
7 吴国炎．电力系统分析．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1994
8 杨军．静态补偿器用于电力系统无功控制．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1989
9 吴宪洪．JkV智能无功功率补偿控制器．南昌大学学报．1998(1)：71-73
10 唐自强．晶闸管控制的静止有源无功补偿器的研究．北京电力电子技术．1998(3)：39-43
11 王兆安．电路瞬时无功功率理论的研究．电子技术学报．1992(2)：19-23
12 李民．基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测．电力电子技术．1992(2)：22-28
13 卓放．基于瞬时无功功率理论的SVC信号检测新方法．西安交通大学报．1996(3)：40-43
14 陈道炼．有源功率因数校正技术及应用．电力电子技术．1997(1)：55-59
15 师宇杰．PFC芯片ML4821的工作原理及应用．电力电子技术．1997(5)：12-17
16 封伟．单片微机控制．电力电子技术．1996(4)：20-23
17 李纲．节能技术．第一版．北京：兵器工业出版社．1991
18 赵明．工业电器控制设备．第一版．北京：机械化工业出版社．1995
19 张轶群．无功补偿电容器与谐波控制．河北电力技术．1997(6)：30-34
20 厉吉文．变电站电压和无功自动调节数据的研究．中国电力．1995(7)：63-66
21 候博渊．变电所无功补偿设备的运行和控制．第一版．北京：水力电力出版社．1989
22 电力工业常用设备手册 北京：水利电力出版社．1999
23 孙宏斌．安全约束下全局最优控制无功仿真研究[J]．电力系统自动化．1999(5)：45-50
24 Mallat S,Hwang W L. Singularity detection and processing with wavelets. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 1992(2): 617-643
25 I. Daubechies. Ten Lectures on Wavelet. Capital City Press. 1992
26 Thierry Blu, Michad Unser. Quantitative Fourier Analysis of Approximation Techniques: Part 2----Wavelets. IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing. 1999(10): 2796-2806
27 Nikolaj Hess-Nielsen, Mladen Victor Wickerhauser. Wavelets and time-frequency analysis. Proceeding of the IEEE. 1996(5): 5232-540
28 Stephane Mallat, Sifen Zhong. Characterization of Signals from Multiscale Edges. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 1992(7): 710-732
2 李晓明．低压配电网动态的无功补偿．武汉水利电力大学学报．98(5)：59-62
3 王兆安．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
4 张传利．无功补偿电容器组故障分析．第一版．北京：科学出版社，1996
5 米勒．电力系统无功功率控制．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
6 胡桢祥．电力系统自动控制．第一版．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1993
7 吴国炎．电力系统分析．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1994
8 杨军．静态补偿器用于电力系统无功控制．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1989
9 吴宪洪．JkV智能无功功率补偿控制器．南昌大学学报．1998(1)：71-73
10 唐自强．晶闸管控制的静止有源无功补偿器的研究．北京电力电子技术．1998(3)：39-43
11 王兆安．电路瞬时无功功率理论的研究．电子技术学报．1992(2)：19-23
12 李民．基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测．电力电子技术．1992(2)：22-28
13 卓放．基于瞬时无功功率理论的SVC信号检测新方法．西安交通大学报．1996(3)：40-43
14 陈道炼．有源功率因数校正技术及应用．电力电子技术．1997(1)：55-59
15 师宇杰．PFC芯片ML4821的工作原理及应用．电力电子技术．1997(5)：12-17
16 封伟．单片微机控制．电力电子技术．1996(4)：20-23
17 李纲．节能技术．第一版．北京：兵器工业出版社．1991
18 赵明．工业电器控制设备．第一版．北京：机械化工业出版社．1995
19 张轶群．无功补偿电容器与谐波控制．河北电力技术．1997(6)：30-34
20 厉吉文．变电站电压和无功自动调节数据的研究．中国电力．1995(7)：63-66
21 候博渊．变电所无功补偿设备的运行和控制．第一版．北京：水力电力出版社．1989
22 电力工业常用设备手册 北京：水利电力出版社．1999
23 孙宏斌．安全约束下全局最优控制无功仿真研究[J]．电力系统自动化．1999(5)：45-50
24 Mallat S,Hwang W L. Singularity detection and processing with wavelets. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 1992(2): 617-643
25 I. Daubechies. Ten Lectures on Wavelet. Capital City Press. 1992
26 Thierry Blu, Michad Unser. Quantitative Fourier Analysis of Approximation Techniques: Part 2----Wavelets. IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing. 1999(10): 2796-2806
27 Nikolaj Hess-Nielsen, Mladen Victor Wickerhauser. Wavelets and time-frequency analysis. Proceeding of the IEEE. 1996(5): 5232-540
28 Stephane Mallat, Sifen Zhong. Characterization of Signals from Multiscale Edges. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 1992(7): 710-732
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