氯丙嗪和镉对城市观赏水体的联合胁迫
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摘要
氯丙嗪作为一种镇静类兽药被广泛使用,已经成为水环境中的一种新型污染物。本文以水生动物鲫鱼和大型蚤为实验材料,在实验室模拟的条件下,分别对氯丙嗪单一污染及氯丙嗪和镉复合污染对鲫鱼和大型蚤的生态毒性效应进行了研究。氯丙嗪单一污染实验结果表明,其对鲫鱼的24、48和96h的LC50值分别为1.11、0.43和0.32mg/L,通过计算求得其对鲫鱼的安全浓度为19.5μg/L;其对大型蚤的24h的LC50值为0.65mg/L,EC50值为0.57mg/L;48h的LC50值为0.36 mg/L,EC50值为0.28mg/L。氯丙嗪对两种水生生物的毒性效应均与其浓度呈明显正相关关系,且毒性效应强度随作用时间的延长而增加,其对两种水生生物均属于极高毒性物质。
氯丙嗪对鲫鱼体内SOD、CAT及AChE活性均有一定的影响,在相同暴露时间下,随着暴露浓度的增加,SOD及AChE活性总体表现为抑制作用,CAT活性表现为先诱导再抑制的作用;在同一暴露浓度下,随着暴露时间的延长,SOD和CAT的活性变化趋势相似,均表现为先降低再升高而后再降低,AChE活性抑制作用不明显。氯丙嗪对大型蚤体内SOD和CAT活性也有一定的影响,在暴露24h时,SOD活性总体表现为抑制作用;暴露48h时,则表现为先诱导再抑制的作用;氯丙嗪暴露24h和48h后,CAT活性均表现为先诱导再抑制的作用。
氯丙嗪和镉复合污染实验结果表明,镉对鲫鱼的24、48和96h的LC50值分别为19.83、16.09和12.59mg/L,通过计算求得镉对鲫鱼的安全浓度为3.33mg/L;镉对大型蚤的24h的LC50值为0.27mg/L,EC50值为0.19mg/L;48h的LC50值为0.16 mg/L,EC50值为0.08mg/L。镉对两种水生生物的毒性效应均与其浓度呈明显正相关关系,且毒性效应强度随作用时间的延长而增加,其对鲫鱼属于中等毒性物质,对大型蚤属于极高毒性物质。氯丙嗪和镉在毒性1:1的情况下,对两种水生生物的联合作用结果均为毒性减弱的拮抗作用,并且随着暴露时间的延长,拮抗作用减弱。
氯丙嗪和镉复合污染对鲫鱼SOD、CAT及AChE活性均有一定的影响,在相同暴露时间下,随着毒性单位的增加,SOD和AChE活性均表现为诱导作用,CAT则表现为抑制的作用;在同一毒性单位下,随着暴露时间的延长,SOD活性总体表现为诱导作用,CAT活性表现为抑制作用,AChE活性上下波动,诱导作用不显著。氯丙嗪和镉复合污染对大型蚤体内SOD和CAT活性也有一定的影响,在联合暴露24h及48h后,SOD活性随毒性单位的增大,均表现为抑制作用;CAT活性随毒性单位的增大也有变化,均为先上升再下降,表现为先诱导再抑制的作用。
As an important ataractic veterinary medicine which is widely used, chlorpromazine (CPZ) has been recognized as an emerging pollutant in aquatic environment. Under the condition of laboratory simulation, the single ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and the joint ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and cadmium (Cd) acting on Carassius auratus and daphnia magna were examined using the toxic experiment. The results of single toxic experiment showed that the LC50 value of CPZ acting on carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 1.11, 0.43 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, and its safe concentration for carassius auratus was 19.5μg/L. The values of 24 h LC50 and EC50 for CPZ acting on daphnia magna were 0.65 mg/L and 0.57 mg/L, and its 48 h LC50 and EC50 values were 0.36 mg/L and 0.28 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. It is a high toxicity compound for the two aquatic animals.
The activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were influenced significantly when the fish were exposed to CPZ. At the same exposure time, the activities of SOD and AChE were restrained whereas the activities of CAT were induced first and inhibited then.At the same concentrations, the activities of SOD and CAT changed similarly, decreased first, then increased and decreased again, and the AChE were inhibited insignificantly. The activities of SOD and CAT in daphnia magna were influenced. The SOD activity was restained at 24 h, and induced first then inhibited at 48 h. The CAT activity was induced first and restained then at 24 h and 48 h.
The LC50 value of Cd acting on carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 19.83, 16.09 and 12.59 mg/L, respectively, and its safe concentration for carassius auratus was 3.33 mg/L. The values of 24 h LC50 and EC50 for Cd acting on daphnia magna were 0.27 mg/L and 0.19 mg/L, and its 48 h LC50 and EC50 values were 0.16 mg/L and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of Cd and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. It is a medium toxicity compound for carassius auratus and a high toxicity compound for daphnia magna. The joint toxicity of CPZ and Cd showed that when their toxicity was at the rate of 1:1, the joint toxicity of CPZ and Cd was antagonism on the two aquatic animals. And the antagonism effect was decreasing with time.
The activities of SOD, CAT and AChE were influenced significantly when the fish were exposed to CPZ and Cd. At the same exposure time, the activities of SOD and AChE were induced whereas the activities of CAT were inhibited. At the same rate, the activity of SOD was induced whereas the CAT was inhibited and the AChE was induced insignificantly. The activities of SOD and CAT in daphnia magna were influenced. The SOD activity was restained both at 24 h and 48 h. The CAT activity was induced first and restained then at 24 h and 48 h.
氯丙嗪对鲫鱼体内SOD、CAT及AChE活性均有一定的影响,在相同暴露时间下,随着暴露浓度的增加,SOD及AChE活性总体表现为抑制作用,CAT活性表现为先诱导再抑制的作用;在同一暴露浓度下,随着暴露时间的延长,SOD和CAT的活性变化趋势相似,均表现为先降低再升高而后再降低,AChE活性抑制作用不明显。氯丙嗪对大型蚤体内SOD和CAT活性也有一定的影响,在暴露24h时,SOD活性总体表现为抑制作用;暴露48h时,则表现为先诱导再抑制的作用;氯丙嗪暴露24h和48h后,CAT活性均表现为先诱导再抑制的作用。
氯丙嗪和镉复合污染实验结果表明,镉对鲫鱼的24、48和96h的LC50值分别为19.83、16.09和12.59mg/L,通过计算求得镉对鲫鱼的安全浓度为3.33mg/L;镉对大型蚤的24h的LC50值为0.27mg/L,EC50值为0.19mg/L;48h的LC50值为0.16 mg/L,EC50值为0.08mg/L。镉对两种水生生物的毒性效应均与其浓度呈明显正相关关系,且毒性效应强度随作用时间的延长而增加,其对鲫鱼属于中等毒性物质,对大型蚤属于极高毒性物质。氯丙嗪和镉在毒性1:1的情况下,对两种水生生物的联合作用结果均为毒性减弱的拮抗作用,并且随着暴露时间的延长,拮抗作用减弱。
氯丙嗪和镉复合污染对鲫鱼SOD、CAT及AChE活性均有一定的影响,在相同暴露时间下,随着毒性单位的增加,SOD和AChE活性均表现为诱导作用,CAT则表现为抑制的作用;在同一毒性单位下,随着暴露时间的延长,SOD活性总体表现为诱导作用,CAT活性表现为抑制作用,AChE活性上下波动,诱导作用不显著。氯丙嗪和镉复合污染对大型蚤体内SOD和CAT活性也有一定的影响,在联合暴露24h及48h后,SOD活性随毒性单位的增大,均表现为抑制作用;CAT活性随毒性单位的增大也有变化,均为先上升再下降,表现为先诱导再抑制的作用。
As an important ataractic veterinary medicine which is widely used, chlorpromazine (CPZ) has been recognized as an emerging pollutant in aquatic environment. Under the condition of laboratory simulation, the single ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and the joint ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and cadmium (Cd) acting on Carassius auratus and daphnia magna were examined using the toxic experiment. The results of single toxic experiment showed that the LC50 value of CPZ acting on carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 1.11, 0.43 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, and its safe concentration for carassius auratus was 19.5μg/L. The values of 24 h LC50 and EC50 for CPZ acting on daphnia magna were 0.65 mg/L and 0.57 mg/L, and its 48 h LC50 and EC50 values were 0.36 mg/L and 0.28 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of CPZ and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. It is a high toxicity compound for the two aquatic animals.
The activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were influenced significantly when the fish were exposed to CPZ. At the same exposure time, the activities of SOD and AChE were restrained whereas the activities of CAT were induced first and inhibited then.At the same concentrations, the activities of SOD and CAT changed similarly, decreased first, then increased and decreased again, and the AChE were inhibited insignificantly. The activities of SOD and CAT in daphnia magna were influenced. The SOD activity was restained at 24 h, and induced first then inhibited at 48 h. The CAT activity was induced first and restained then at 24 h and 48 h.
The LC50 value of Cd acting on carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96 h was 19.83, 16.09 and 12.59 mg/L, respectively, and its safe concentration for carassius auratus was 3.33 mg/L. The values of 24 h LC50 and EC50 for Cd acting on daphnia magna were 0.27 mg/L and 0.19 mg/L, and its 48 h LC50 and EC50 values were 0.16 mg/L and 0.08 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the ecotoxicological effects of Cd and its concentrations, and the toxicity became higher as the exposure time increased. It is a medium toxicity compound for carassius auratus and a high toxicity compound for daphnia magna. The joint toxicity of CPZ and Cd showed that when their toxicity was at the rate of 1:1, the joint toxicity of CPZ and Cd was antagonism on the two aquatic animals. And the antagonism effect was decreasing with time.
The activities of SOD, CAT and AChE were influenced significantly when the fish were exposed to CPZ and Cd. At the same exposure time, the activities of SOD and AChE were induced whereas the activities of CAT were inhibited. At the same rate, the activity of SOD was induced whereas the CAT was inhibited and the AChE was induced insignificantly. The activities of SOD and CAT in daphnia magna were influenced. The SOD activity was restained both at 24 h and 48 h. The CAT activity was induced first and restained then at 24 h and 48 h.
引文
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