潮汕车站桩网复合地基承载性状物理模型试验研究
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摘要
桩-网复合地基因其良好的处理效果、简单的施工方法和极高的性价比,近几年在国内外的软土地基处理工程中得到了广泛应用。本文以厦深铁路潮汕车站深厚软土地基处理工程为依托,采用物理模型试验的方法,研究桩-网复合地基的作用性状及承载机理,具体研究内容及成果如下。
(1)对国内外的桩-网复合地基应用和研究现状进行了总结和分析,指出了模型试验研究的不足之处。
(2)归纳了目前国内不同行业、部门对软土的定义。根据地质勘察资料,论述了潮汕车站的软土分布规律,得出了其“三高一强三低”的特点。
(3)根据模型试验相似原理,设计了模型试验方案,并按照该方案进行了模型作及模型试验实施。根据试验成果,绘制了相关曲线,得到以下结论：
①桩身轴力随着路堤填土荷载的增加而增大,在对应不同的地基土层中以不同的速率变化,最大桩身轴力位于淤泥层内。
②随着桩身深度增加,桩侧摩阻力最初为负摩阻力,到达一定深度后又变为正摩阻力。
③对应于每一级荷载,桩土应力比和桩体荷载分担比都有一次跃升,然后趋于平稳或稍微降低,直至施加下一级荷载；越接近加载后期,跃升幅度越小。
④随着路堤荷载的增加,无论是桩顶沉降量还是桩间土顶面沉降量,都逐渐增大,且桩间土顶面的沉降量大于桩帽顶的沉降量,两桩中心桩间土沉降量大于四桩中心桩间土沉降量。
⑤随着路堤填土荷载增加,土工格栅拉伸应变逐渐增大,增大的速率先慢后快；应变最大的格栅位于桩帽顶,两桩中心的其次,最小的位于四桩中心。
⑥随着桩间距增大,桩身最大轴力增加；桩侧负摩阻力减小,正摩阻力增加；桩土应力比增大明显,但是桩体荷载分担比增大不明显；桩、土差异沉降略有减小；土工格栅协调桩-网复合地基变形的功能降低。
Geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment has been widely used in treatment of soft ground in the world for its perfect treatment、easy construction and highly cost-effective. In this dissertation, based on the prototype of treatment engineering for wide deep soft soil of ChaoShan station of Xiamen-Shenzhen railway, bearing property and mechanism of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment were studied by model test. The contents and results are showed as follows.
(1)Status of research and application of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment in the world was outlined, and deficiency of model test was pointed out.
(2)Definitions of soft soil in various domestic professions or departments were generalized. According to geological investigation, distribution of soft soil under ChaoShan railway station was discussed. The characteristics of soft soil, such as the high water content, the high void ratio, the high compressibility, the strong structure, the low permeability, the low shear strength and, the low deformation modulus, was elucidated.
(3) According to the similarity theory of model test, a program of the model test was designed and the model test was carried out. Using the data obtained by the test, correlation curves were drawn and conclusions were shown as follows:
①Axial force rises as increment of embankment load, varieties in different layer of soil, The maximal axial force appears in the segment of pile surrounded by silt.
②As depth of pile increasing, skin frictional force on the pile is negative at top of the pile and turns to be positive at a certain depth.
③Corresponding to each level of load, pile-soil stress ratio and pile efficacy both show ascents, tend to be smooth or decrease slightly until applying the next level of load. Closer to later part of load applying, margin of the ascent is smaller.
④As increment of embankment load, whether settlement at top of the pile cap or settlement at top of the ground soil increases gradually, and the latter is greater than the former while settlement at top of the ground soil between two piles is greater than that among four piles.
⑤As increment of embankment load, tensile strain of the geogrid increases gradually, the rate is slow initially and quick later. The maximal strain of geogrid locates at geogrid on top of the pile cap; the second largest strain of geogrid locates at geogrid between two piles; and the minimal strain of geogrid locates at geogrid among four piles.
⑥As pile spacing increasing, the greatest axial force of pile rises; negative skin frictional force of pile decreases compared with positive skin frictional force of pile increases; pile-soil stress ratio rises significantly while pile efficacy rises indistinctly; differential settlement between pile and soil decreases slightly; function of geogrid coordinating deformation of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment reduces.
(1)对国内外的桩-网复合地基应用和研究现状进行了总结和分析,指出了模型试验研究的不足之处。
(2)归纳了目前国内不同行业、部门对软土的定义。根据地质勘察资料,论述了潮汕车站的软土分布规律,得出了其“三高一强三低”的特点。
(3)根据模型试验相似原理,设计了模型试验方案,并按照该方案进行了模型作及模型试验实施。根据试验成果,绘制了相关曲线,得到以下结论：
①桩身轴力随着路堤填土荷载的增加而增大,在对应不同的地基土层中以不同的速率变化,最大桩身轴力位于淤泥层内。
②随着桩身深度增加,桩侧摩阻力最初为负摩阻力,到达一定深度后又变为正摩阻力。
③对应于每一级荷载,桩土应力比和桩体荷载分担比都有一次跃升,然后趋于平稳或稍微降低,直至施加下一级荷载；越接近加载后期,跃升幅度越小。
④随着路堤荷载的增加,无论是桩顶沉降量还是桩间土顶面沉降量,都逐渐增大,且桩间土顶面的沉降量大于桩帽顶的沉降量,两桩中心桩间土沉降量大于四桩中心桩间土沉降量。
⑤随着路堤填土荷载增加,土工格栅拉伸应变逐渐增大,增大的速率先慢后快；应变最大的格栅位于桩帽顶,两桩中心的其次,最小的位于四桩中心。
⑥随着桩间距增大,桩身最大轴力增加；桩侧负摩阻力减小,正摩阻力增加；桩土应力比增大明显,但是桩体荷载分担比增大不明显；桩、土差异沉降略有减小；土工格栅协调桩-网复合地基变形的功能降低。
Geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment has been widely used in treatment of soft ground in the world for its perfect treatment、easy construction and highly cost-effective. In this dissertation, based on the prototype of treatment engineering for wide deep soft soil of ChaoShan station of Xiamen-Shenzhen railway, bearing property and mechanism of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment were studied by model test. The contents and results are showed as follows.
(1)Status of research and application of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment in the world was outlined, and deficiency of model test was pointed out.
(2)Definitions of soft soil in various domestic professions or departments were generalized. According to geological investigation, distribution of soft soil under ChaoShan railway station was discussed. The characteristics of soft soil, such as the high water content, the high void ratio, the high compressibility, the strong structure, the low permeability, the low shear strength and, the low deformation modulus, was elucidated.
(3) According to the similarity theory of model test, a program of the model test was designed and the model test was carried out. Using the data obtained by the test, correlation curves were drawn and conclusions were shown as follows:
①Axial force rises as increment of embankment load, varieties in different layer of soil, The maximal axial force appears in the segment of pile surrounded by silt.
②As depth of pile increasing, skin frictional force on the pile is negative at top of the pile and turns to be positive at a certain depth.
③Corresponding to each level of load, pile-soil stress ratio and pile efficacy both show ascents, tend to be smooth or decrease slightly until applying the next level of load. Closer to later part of load applying, margin of the ascent is smaller.
④As increment of embankment load, whether settlement at top of the pile cap or settlement at top of the ground soil increases gradually, and the latter is greater than the former while settlement at top of the ground soil between two piles is greater than that among four piles.
⑤As increment of embankment load, tensile strain of the geogrid increases gradually, the rate is slow initially and quick later. The maximal strain of geogrid locates at geogrid on top of the pile cap; the second largest strain of geogrid locates at geogrid between two piles; and the minimal strain of geogrid locates at geogrid among four piles.
⑥As pile spacing increasing, the greatest axial force of pile rises; negative skin frictional force of pile decreases compared with positive skin frictional force of pile increases; pile-soil stress ratio rises significantly while pile efficacy rises indistinctly; differential settlement between pile and soil decreases slightly; function of geogrid coordinating deformation of geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported embankment reduces.
引文
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[8]Gangakhedkar Rutugandha.. Geosynthetic Reinforced Pile Supported Embankments [D]. Florida: University of Florida,2004
[9]Reid, W.M., Buchanan, N.W.. Bridge approach support piling[A]. Proceeding Conference on Advances in Piling and Ground Treatment[C], Thomas Telford Ltd., London,1984:267-274
[10]Lin, K. Q., Wong, I.H.. Use of deep cement mixing to reduce settlements at bridge approaches[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125 (04):309-320
[11]Kousik Deb. A mathematical model to study the soil arching effect in stone column supported embankment resting on soft foundation soil[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2010 (34): 3871-3883
[12]B. K. Low, S. K. Tang, V. Choa. Arching In Piled Embankments[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1994,120(11):1917-1938
[13]Giroud, J.P., Han, J. Design method for geogrid-reinforced unpaved roads-Part I:theoretical development[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2004,130 (08), 776-786
[14]Giroud, J.P., Han, J. Design method for geogrid-reinforced unpaved roads-Part II:calibration and verification[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2004,130(08), 787-797
[15]饶为国,江辉煌,尤昌龙.桩-网复合地基工后沉降量的三点推算法[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(08)：55-57
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