基于本体的流程类业务需求建模方法研究
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摘要
需求工程是指应用已证实有效的技术、方法进行需求分析,确定客户需求,帮助分析人员理解问题并定义目标系统的所有外部特征的一门学科。随着软件技术的发展,需求分析在软件开发过程中的地位变得越来越重要,如何获取正确完整的需求规约是目前各种需求分析方法的重点。本体近年来受到信息科学领域的广泛关注,在知识工程、人工智能、语义网、需求工程等相关领域得到了广泛关注和深入研究。用户需求是科技发展的决定性驱动力,将本体技术应用到领域需求工程中,建立领域需求模型,根据用户的需求描述,自动地提供给用户个性化的综合业务应用系统,从而实现按需服务,是当前发展的一个趋势。
目前,形式化的领域需求建模研究仍处于起步阶段,所涉及到的技术问题有很多,面向目标的需求工程方法近年来受到了广泛的关注,通过利用系统目标来进行需求的启发、求精、结构化、规约及验证,其语义的描述是基于线性时序逻辑的,具有严密性强的特点。本文结合流程类业务领域的领域特征及建模的具体需求,针对模型建模方法、目标分解与精化、模型一致性检测三方面技术问题进行研究,提出一种基于本体的流程类业务领域需求建模的整体解决方案,主要工作如下：
1、对流程类业务领域需求模型的形式化建模方法进行研究。首先,结合现有的流程类业务实例与相关文献,明确流程类业务领域的特征与领域范围；然后,在此基础上引入组织本体概念,作为驱动需求描述和分析的常识模型,建立了基于本体的领域需求模型,从组织、目标、资源、操作四个角度刻画流程类业务领域,给出模型的形式化描述,明确各模型之间的关系,为后续的工程实践和关键技术的进一步开展打下基础；
2、对目标精化与目标可操作化方法进行研究,针对KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition in automated Specification)方法实现目标操作化研究中主体、目标和操作描述语义不一致问题,在目标精化的基础上,提出一种基于BDI (Belief- Desire- Intention)主体模型的目标操作化方法,实现用一个目标操作模型解决原子目标操作化的问题,保证需求模型的完备性和可操作性；
3、对模型一致性检测方法进行研究,针对形式化需求模型一致性检测工具需专门设计的问题,提出一种基于模型转换技术的多视图模型一致性检测方法,使对模型的一致性检测转换为对关系型数据库记录的查询,增强检测的灵活性和可扩展性,进一步提高了模型的检测效率,具有较强的通用性；
4、通过实例,以工程化的方法从直观的角度验证了该建模框架的可行性,为今后模型的工程化应用奠定了基础。UML已成为面向对象建模实际上的标准,因此这里选择UML作为应用软件描述语言,对本体到UML元模型的映射方法进行研究,给出一个基于本体知识的UML图元生成方法,进而产生基于UML类图、对象图、转换图的软件需求文档。
基于本体的流程类业务需求建模方法实现用户需求信息的智能处理,整个处理过程体现了模块化、可扩展性、可重用性以及语义级的互操作性等特点,为面向流程类领域的需求获取与分析机制的实施,提供理论依据和及技术参考。
Requirements engineering is a discipline which analyze and define the requirements with the techniques and methods that is proven to be effective. It also helps analysts understand the problem in order to define all the external characteristics about the goal system. With the development of software technology, requirements analysis is becoming increasingly important in the process of software development. How to obtain the accurate and complete requirements is the focus of all requirements analysis methods. In recent years, the ontology has a widespread concern in the field of information science. It has been deeply studied in knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence, semantic web, requirements engineering and other related fields. User's requirements are the decisive driving force for technological development. It is a trend that applying ontology to the domain requirement projects and to build the domain requirement model for providing the personalized integrated business application to the users based on the description of requirements.
At present, the research on the formal domain requirements modeling is still at an early stage. And many technical issues are involved. The goal-oriented requirements engineering method has been widespread concern in recent years. By using the system goal, the requirements are aroused, refined, structured, standardized and tested. The description of its semantic based on linear temporal logic is rigorous. This paper researches three problems, which are, structure of model, the decomposition and refinement of goal, module consistency detection. It integrates characteristic of process business domain and specific requirements of modeling, proposes solution of requirements modeling on process business domain based on ontology. The main works are as follow:
1. This paper researches the formal modeling method of the structure of process business domain requirement model. First, it studies the existing process business examples and related articles, define the characteristics and scope of process business domain. And then it introduces the concept of organization ontology as the sense model which drives the requirement description and analysis. It also creates domain business model based on ontology which depicts the domain requirement model from organization, goal, object and operation. It still gives the formal description of model, defines the relationship among models, and provides the foundation for the follow-up practice and further research on key technology;
2. This paper researches the method of refining and operating the goal, proposes a goal refinement method based on organization model which organizes the fragmental information into easy-understood hierarchy structure. This paper also studies the inconsistent description of semantics between main body and goal in the KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition in automated Specification) method, puts forward a new BDI main body model based goal operationalization method on the foundation of goal refinement. This method uses a goal operation model to solve the problem of atom goal operationalization, guarantee the completeness and operability of the requirement model.
3. This paper studies the consistency detection of model. For the problem that the consistency detection tool of formalized requirement model need to be designed specially, this paper proposes a multiview model consistency detection method based on model transform technology. This method converts the consistency detection to the query on the relational database, enhances the flexibility and expandability of detection and improves the efficiency. The universality of the new method is good;
4. This paper also verifies the feasibility of the modeling framework by using engineering method on some examples. It lays the foundation of future application. UML has become the actual standard of object-oriented modeling. Therefore this paper chooses UML as the description language of application software. Then it studies the mapping method from ontology to UML meta-model, gives a generation method of UML chart based on ontology. And then the software requirement documents can be generated based on UML class diagram, object diagram and transition diagram.
The ontology-based modeling method on process business requirements achieves the intelligent processing on users'requirement. The whole process reflects its modularity, expandability, reusability and interoperability of semantic-levels. It provides theoretical foundation and technical reference for the implementation of requirement acquirement and analysis for specific domain.
目前,形式化的领域需求建模研究仍处于起步阶段,所涉及到的技术问题有很多,面向目标的需求工程方法近年来受到了广泛的关注,通过利用系统目标来进行需求的启发、求精、结构化、规约及验证,其语义的描述是基于线性时序逻辑的,具有严密性强的特点。本文结合流程类业务领域的领域特征及建模的具体需求,针对模型建模方法、目标分解与精化、模型一致性检测三方面技术问题进行研究,提出一种基于本体的流程类业务领域需求建模的整体解决方案,主要工作如下：
1、对流程类业务领域需求模型的形式化建模方法进行研究。首先,结合现有的流程类业务实例与相关文献,明确流程类业务领域的特征与领域范围；然后,在此基础上引入组织本体概念,作为驱动需求描述和分析的常识模型,建立了基于本体的领域需求模型,从组织、目标、资源、操作四个角度刻画流程类业务领域,给出模型的形式化描述,明确各模型之间的关系,为后续的工程实践和关键技术的进一步开展打下基础；
2、对目标精化与目标可操作化方法进行研究,针对KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition in automated Specification)方法实现目标操作化研究中主体、目标和操作描述语义不一致问题,在目标精化的基础上,提出一种基于BDI (Belief- Desire- Intention)主体模型的目标操作化方法,实现用一个目标操作模型解决原子目标操作化的问题,保证需求模型的完备性和可操作性；
3、对模型一致性检测方法进行研究,针对形式化需求模型一致性检测工具需专门设计的问题,提出一种基于模型转换技术的多视图模型一致性检测方法,使对模型的一致性检测转换为对关系型数据库记录的查询,增强检测的灵活性和可扩展性,进一步提高了模型的检测效率,具有较强的通用性；
4、通过实例,以工程化的方法从直观的角度验证了该建模框架的可行性,为今后模型的工程化应用奠定了基础。UML已成为面向对象建模实际上的标准,因此这里选择UML作为应用软件描述语言,对本体到UML元模型的映射方法进行研究,给出一个基于本体知识的UML图元生成方法,进而产生基于UML类图、对象图、转换图的软件需求文档。
基于本体的流程类业务需求建模方法实现用户需求信息的智能处理,整个处理过程体现了模块化、可扩展性、可重用性以及语义级的互操作性等特点,为面向流程类领域的需求获取与分析机制的实施,提供理论依据和及技术参考。
Requirements engineering is a discipline which analyze and define the requirements with the techniques and methods that is proven to be effective. It also helps analysts understand the problem in order to define all the external characteristics about the goal system. With the development of software technology, requirements analysis is becoming increasingly important in the process of software development. How to obtain the accurate and complete requirements is the focus of all requirements analysis methods. In recent years, the ontology has a widespread concern in the field of information science. It has been deeply studied in knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence, semantic web, requirements engineering and other related fields. User's requirements are the decisive driving force for technological development. It is a trend that applying ontology to the domain requirement projects and to build the domain requirement model for providing the personalized integrated business application to the users based on the description of requirements.
At present, the research on the formal domain requirements modeling is still at an early stage. And many technical issues are involved. The goal-oriented requirements engineering method has been widespread concern in recent years. By using the system goal, the requirements are aroused, refined, structured, standardized and tested. The description of its semantic based on linear temporal logic is rigorous. This paper researches three problems, which are, structure of model, the decomposition and refinement of goal, module consistency detection. It integrates characteristic of process business domain and specific requirements of modeling, proposes solution of requirements modeling on process business domain based on ontology. The main works are as follow:
1. This paper researches the formal modeling method of the structure of process business domain requirement model. First, it studies the existing process business examples and related articles, define the characteristics and scope of process business domain. And then it introduces the concept of organization ontology as the sense model which drives the requirement description and analysis. It also creates domain business model based on ontology which depicts the domain requirement model from organization, goal, object and operation. It still gives the formal description of model, defines the relationship among models, and provides the foundation for the follow-up practice and further research on key technology;
2. This paper researches the method of refining and operating the goal, proposes a goal refinement method based on organization model which organizes the fragmental information into easy-understood hierarchy structure. This paper also studies the inconsistent description of semantics between main body and goal in the KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition in automated Specification) method, puts forward a new BDI main body model based goal operationalization method on the foundation of goal refinement. This method uses a goal operation model to solve the problem of atom goal operationalization, guarantee the completeness and operability of the requirement model.
3. This paper studies the consistency detection of model. For the problem that the consistency detection tool of formalized requirement model need to be designed specially, this paper proposes a multiview model consistency detection method based on model transform technology. This method converts the consistency detection to the query on the relational database, enhances the flexibility and expandability of detection and improves the efficiency. The universality of the new method is good;
4. This paper also verifies the feasibility of the modeling framework by using engineering method on some examples. It lays the foundation of future application. UML has become the actual standard of object-oriented modeling. Therefore this paper chooses UML as the description language of application software. Then it studies the mapping method from ontology to UML meta-model, gives a generation method of UML chart based on ontology. And then the software requirement documents can be generated based on UML class diagram, object diagram and transition diagram.
The ontology-based modeling method on process business requirements achieves the intelligent processing on users'requirement. The whole process reflects its modularity, expandability, reusability and interoperability of semantic-levels. It provides theoretical foundation and technical reference for the implementation of requirement acquirement and analysis for specific domain.
引文
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