世象童影——儿童摄影研究与名家名作述评
|
摘要
在170年的摄影史中,几乎所有重要的摄影家都拍摄过儿童,关乎人的摄影作品一直是最具分量的摄影类别。儿童摄影的发展从一个侧面书写着摄影史本身,映照出社会历史事件、艺术理念与流派、社会思潮等诸多因素在人类关照自身时留下的印记。儿童摄影不等价于拍摄儿童,虽然儿童摄影在摄影史的实践中成果斐然,但摄影理论界尤其是国内摄影的理论界尚未对儿童摄影以充分重视,对儿童摄影缺乏系统的总结和界定。
本文将儿童摄影置于摄影史和社会历史的流变之内,结合世界摄影史研究和摄影家个案分析等研究方法,从第一手的图片资料、摄影家自述、摄影评论和摄影作品载体等材料出发,确立儿童摄影的定义与范畴,梳理摄影中典型的儿童形象,辨析摄影作品与摄影者、与时代、社会的多重关系,探讨儿童摄影中出现的伦理问题,总结中国儿童摄影的成就和发展阻力。当代的儿童摄影呈现多元化的发展趋势,本文希望通过研究摄影史上影响深远的儿童摄影作品,引导摄影观众对儿童摄影的理解认知,提升儿童摄影在摄影领域乃至在社会文化中的地位,为今后国内儿童摄影作品的创作、表现提供参考方向。
During the 170-year history of photography, almost all the significant photographers shoot children. The photography about people is always the most important category in this field. Hence the development of children's photography reflects the history of photography on one aspect and it also tells how people see themselves under the influence of historical events, schools of art and social trends. Children's photography does not mean shooting children. On one hand, the 170-year history of photography has created many great photos about children, on the other hand, the theorists, especially the Chinese theorists, haven't paid their attention to it, and the systematical definitions of the children's photography haven't come out.
This research linked the children's photography with the development of photography and the changes of society, studied the world history of photography and the works of particular photographers according to images, photographers'self-narrations, criticism, photographic publications and other materials. This research tried to give a definition to the children's photography, to analyze the typical images of children in photography, to discover the multi-relationship among works, photographers, history and society. This research also discussed the ethical problems some photographers encountered in reality, observed the achievements and the obstruction of Chinese children's photography. As the trend of the children's photography is diversification in the contemporary era, the writer hoped the research to impressive works of children's photography might affect the viewers' understanding of it and raise the children's photography in condition of photography and culture. It might also provide new directions to photographic practice in this field of China.
本文将儿童摄影置于摄影史和社会历史的流变之内,结合世界摄影史研究和摄影家个案分析等研究方法,从第一手的图片资料、摄影家自述、摄影评论和摄影作品载体等材料出发,确立儿童摄影的定义与范畴,梳理摄影中典型的儿童形象,辨析摄影作品与摄影者、与时代、社会的多重关系,探讨儿童摄影中出现的伦理问题,总结中国儿童摄影的成就和发展阻力。当代的儿童摄影呈现多元化的发展趋势,本文希望通过研究摄影史上影响深远的儿童摄影作品,引导摄影观众对儿童摄影的理解认知,提升儿童摄影在摄影领域乃至在社会文化中的地位,为今后国内儿童摄影作品的创作、表现提供参考方向。
During the 170-year history of photography, almost all the significant photographers shoot children. The photography about people is always the most important category in this field. Hence the development of children's photography reflects the history of photography on one aspect and it also tells how people see themselves under the influence of historical events, schools of art and social trends. Children's photography does not mean shooting children. On one hand, the 170-year history of photography has created many great photos about children, on the other hand, the theorists, especially the Chinese theorists, haven't paid their attention to it, and the systematical definitions of the children's photography haven't come out.
This research linked the children's photography with the development of photography and the changes of society, studied the world history of photography and the works of particular photographers according to images, photographers'self-narrations, criticism, photographic publications and other materials. This research tried to give a definition to the children's photography, to analyze the typical images of children in photography, to discover the multi-relationship among works, photographers, history and society. This research also discussed the ethical problems some photographers encountered in reality, observed the achievements and the obstruction of Chinese children's photography. As the trend of the children's photography is diversification in the contemporary era, the writer hoped the research to impressive works of children's photography might affect the viewers' understanding of it and raise the children's photography in condition of photography and culture. It might also provide new directions to photographic practice in this field of China.
引文
[1]王一川.批评理论与实践教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005：第204-216页
[2]任悦.视觉传播概论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008：第158-159页
[4]特里·巴特雷.影像艺术批评[M].何积惠.上海：上海人民美术出版社,1996：第121页
[5]特里·巴特雷.影像艺术批评[M].何积惠.上海：上海人民美术出版社,1996：第151页
[6]苏珊·桑塔格.论摄影[M].黄灿然.上海：上海译文出版社,2007：第120页
[7]罗兰·巴特.明室[M].赵克非.北京：文化艺术出版社,2003：第184-186页
[8]玛丽·沃纳·玛利亚.摄影与摄影批评家：1839年至1900年间的文化史[M].郝红尉.济南：山东画报出版社,2005：第184页
[11]Sally Mann. Immediate Family [M]. Aperture,1992
[13]Thomas Seelig. Sergey Bratkov:Glory Days. Works 1995-2007[M]. Scheidegger & Spiess,2008:p55
[3]马力.儿童文学的概念是一个模糊集.湖南人文科技学院学报[J].2005,01期：第102页
[12]刘瑞琪.莎莉·曼恩儿童摄影中的母性拜物主义.国立台湾大学美术史研究集刊[J].2004,第17期：第203页
[17]黄文.少年献身者——学京剧的孩子.今日中国[J].1996,5月：第19页
[18]黄文.学京剧de孩子.湖北档案[J].2003,4月：第23页
[9]让·鲍德里亚.消失的技法.顾铮.西方摄影文论选[C].杭州：浙江摄影出版社,2003：第107页
[14]Andrew Palmer. One big dysfunctional family: Andrew Palmer on'Who's Looking at the Family?', a show giving star billing to the controversial pictures of Sally Mann[N]. The Independent,1994.6.15
[15]Richard B. Woodward. The Disturbing Photography of Sally Mann[N]. The New York Times,1992.9.27
[10]Marianne Fulton. For Love of Eisie. The Digital Journalist.www.digitaljournalist.org/issue9911/fulton.htm
[16]姚文婷.不让历史轻易走掉——著名摄影家李楠访谈·设计·中国.http://www.design.cn/mrmj/2007-10-22/8519.html,2007
[2]任悦.视觉传播概论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2008：第158-159页
[4]特里·巴特雷.影像艺术批评[M].何积惠.上海：上海人民美术出版社,1996：第121页
[5]特里·巴特雷.影像艺术批评[M].何积惠.上海：上海人民美术出版社,1996：第151页
[6]苏珊·桑塔格.论摄影[M].黄灿然.上海：上海译文出版社,2007：第120页
[7]罗兰·巴特.明室[M].赵克非.北京：文化艺术出版社,2003：第184-186页
[8]玛丽·沃纳·玛利亚.摄影与摄影批评家：1839年至1900年间的文化史[M].郝红尉.济南：山东画报出版社,2005：第184页
[11]Sally Mann. Immediate Family [M]. Aperture,1992
[13]Thomas Seelig. Sergey Bratkov:Glory Days. Works 1995-2007[M]. Scheidegger & Spiess,2008:p55
[3]马力.儿童文学的概念是一个模糊集.湖南人文科技学院学报[J].2005,01期：第102页
[12]刘瑞琪.莎莉·曼恩儿童摄影中的母性拜物主义.国立台湾大学美术史研究集刊[J].2004,第17期：第203页
[17]黄文.少年献身者——学京剧的孩子.今日中国[J].1996,5月：第19页
[18]黄文.学京剧de孩子.湖北档案[J].2003,4月：第23页
[9]让·鲍德里亚.消失的技法.顾铮.西方摄影文论选[C].杭州：浙江摄影出版社,2003：第107页
[14]Andrew Palmer. One big dysfunctional family: Andrew Palmer on'Who's Looking at the Family?', a show giving star billing to the controversial pictures of Sally Mann[N]. The Independent,1994.6.15
[15]Richard B. Woodward. The Disturbing Photography of Sally Mann[N]. The New York Times,1992.9.27
[10]Marianne Fulton. For Love of Eisie. The Digital Journalist.www.digitaljournalist.org/issue9911/fulton.htm
[16]姚文婷.不让历史轻易走掉——著名摄影家李楠访谈·设计·中国.http://www.design.cn/mrmj/2007-10-22/8519.html,2007