道德决策中亲人偏见效应及其机制的眼动研究
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- 英文论文题名：A Eye Movement Study on the Effect of Relatives Bias and Its Mechanic in Moral Decision Making
- 论文作者：封周奇 ; 白学军 ; 王永胜 ; 陈叶梓
- 英文论文作者：Feng Zhouqi ; Bai Xuejun ; Wang Yongsheng ; Chen Yezi ; Department of Psychology of Educational Science School ; Nantong University ; Academy of Psychology and Behavior of Tianjin Normal University ; Department of Psychology ; Shanghai Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：南通大学教育科学学院心理系;天津师范大学心理与行为研究院;上海师范大学教育学院;
- 论文关键词：道德决策 ; 偏见效应 ; 认知机制 ; 眼动
- 英文论文关键词：moral decision making ; effect of relatives bias ; cognitive mechanic ; eye movement
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B82-054
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：807k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
道德决策中存在亲人偏见效应,但其认知加工机制尚不明确。本研究采用两难情境实验范式,以经典的机车道德两难情境故事及其相应的图片为实验材料,同时操纵了机车计划路线受害者与决策者的人际关系(亲人,陌生人)和非计划路线受害者与决策者的人际关系(亲人,陌生人)以及计划与非计划路线受害者人数比(1:5,5:1),运用眼动追踪技术记录了30名大学生被试在道德决策过程中对实验材料的注视情况。结果发现:当机车计划路线受害者为亲人时,被试对故事文本、决策整体情境的总注视时间和人际关系信息区域的总注视时间更长。计划路线受害者和非计划路线受害者的人际关系在人际关系信息区域的注视次数上存在交互作用,当计划路线上受害者为陌生人时,非计划路线上的人际关系对注视次数没有影响;而为亲人时,非计划路线上受害者的人际关系显著影响了注视次数,相对于陌生而言,亲人时注视次数更多。结果表明:道德情境中人际关系的远近影响了个体道德决策的速度,当违反基本的道德规则而做出有利于亲人的道德决策时其决策的过程更长,决策更加艰难;道德决策情境中人际关系信息的加工发生在决策的晚期阶段。较近的人际关系自动捕获更多的认知加工资源可能是道德决策中亲人偏见效应产生的潜在机制。
The effect of relatives bias exists in individual's moral decision making,but its mechanic is not clear. To investigate the mechanic of such effect,using moral dilemma diagram and trolley problem as materials, an experimental eye movement study was conducted with 30 college students as participants. current study manipulated the interpersonal relationship between decision maker and the victims on the scheduled trolley route(relatives, strangers), the relationship between decision maker and victims on the unscheduled trolley route(relatives, strangers) and the rate of person's quantity on scheduled and unscheduled trolley route(1:5, 5:1),recording the eye movements during their making decision.. The results showed that compared with strangers the total reading time of scenario text and the whole decision scenario and total fixation duration of interest area of interpersonal relationship were longer respectively when the victims were relatives. There is an interactive effect of interpersonal relationship of victims on scheduled and unscheduled route on the number of fixations of interest area of interpersonal relationship, a significant effect of interpersonal relationship exits only when the victims on scheduled route were relatives, compared with strangers on unscheduled route there was more frequent fixations on interest area of interpersonal relationship when the victims were relatives. Current study suggests that there is an effect of interpersonal relationship between victims and decision maker on the speed of moral decision making, when against basic moral rules for the interest it is becoming longer and harder under the condition that the victim is a relative of decision maker. The information of interpersonal relationship in decision scenario is processed at the late stage of information processing of moral decision making. More cognitive resource automatically captured by more closed interpersonal relationship between the victims and decision maker may lead the effect of relative bias in moral decision making.
The effect of relatives bias exists in individual's moral decision making,but its mechanic is not clear. To investigate the mechanic of such effect,using moral dilemma diagram and trolley problem as materials, an experimental eye movement study was conducted with 30 college students as participants. current study manipulated the interpersonal relationship between decision maker and the victims on the scheduled trolley route(relatives, strangers), the relationship between decision maker and victims on the unscheduled trolley route(relatives, strangers) and the rate of person's quantity on scheduled and unscheduled trolley route(1:5, 5:1),recording the eye movements during their making decision.. The results showed that compared with strangers the total reading time of scenario text and the whole decision scenario and total fixation duration of interest area of interpersonal relationship were longer respectively when the victims were relatives. There is an interactive effect of interpersonal relationship of victims on scheduled and unscheduled route on the number of fixations of interest area of interpersonal relationship, a significant effect of interpersonal relationship exits only when the victims on scheduled route were relatives, compared with strangers on unscheduled route there was more frequent fixations on interest area of interpersonal relationship when the victims were relatives. Current study suggests that there is an effect of interpersonal relationship between victims and decision maker on the speed of moral decision making, when against basic moral rules for the interest it is becoming longer and harder under the condition that the victim is a relative of decision maker. The information of interpersonal relationship in decision scenario is processed at the late stage of information processing of moral decision making. More cognitive resource automatically captured by more closed interpersonal relationship between the victims and decision maker may lead the effect of relative bias in moral decision making.
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