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Profiling the dynamic expression of checkpoint molecules on cytokineinduced killer cells from non-small-cell lung cancer patients
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摘要
Objective: In the last three years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies targeting checkpoint CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. However, checkpoint molecules on cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cell, a non-specific adoptive immunotherapy, remain unknown. In present study, we aimed to explore the dynamic expression pattern of eight major checkpoint molecules(CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM- 3, CEACAM-1, LAG-3, TIGIT and BTLA)on CIK cells from NSCLC patients, which might shed light on the development of NSCLC patient immunotherapy.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sixteen NSCLC patients enrolled were extracted. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before entry into research. The lymphocytes were then isolated and cultured in AIM-V medium containing IL-1α, IL-2 and IFN-γ at 37°C with 5% CO2 humid atmosphere. The expression profile of checkpoint receptors was analyzed every three days throughout the culture by using the flow cytometry.Results: Except BTLA, the other molecules were sharply elevated at day 3 from culture. Thereafter, PD-1 and TIGIT expressions decreased gradually towards the initial level. Moreover, CTLA-4 faded away during the later stage of culture. LAG-3 expression decreased but was still significantly higher than day 0 level. Of note, PD-L1 remained high expression during CIK culture, indicating that PD-L1 might act as an inhibitory molecule on CIK cells. Furthermore, TIM-3 and CEACAM1 were strongly expressed simultaneously during long-term CIK culture and showed a significant and mutually positive correlation.Conclusion: These observations suggested that CIK cells might be partly exhausted before clinical transfusion, characterized by high expressions of PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1. Our results imply that implementing combined treatment on CIK cells before transfusion by use of antibodies targeting PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1 might improve the efficiency of CIK therapy for NSCLC patients.
Objective: In the last three years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies targeting checkpoint CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. However, checkpoint molecules on cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cell, a non-specific adoptive immunotherapy, remain unknown. In present study, we aimed to explore the dynamic expression pattern of eight major checkpoint molecules(CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM- 3, CEACAM-1, LAG-3, TIGIT and BTLA)on CIK cells from NSCLC patients, which might shed light on the development of NSCLC patient immunotherapy.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from sixteen NSCLC patients enrolled were extracted. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before entry into research. The lymphocytes were then isolated and cultured in AIM-V medium containing IL-1α, IL-2 and IFN-γ at 37°C with 5% CO_2 humid atmosphere. The expression profile of checkpoint receptors was analyzed every three days throughout the culture by using the flow cytometry.Results: Except BTLA, the other molecules were sharply elevated at day 3 from culture. Thereafter, PD-1 and TIGIT expressions decreased gradually towards the initial level. Moreover, CTLA-4 faded away during the later stage of culture. LAG-3 expression decreased but was still significantly higher than day 0 level. Of note, PD-L1 remained high expression during CIK culture, indicating that PD-L1 might act as an inhibitory molecule on CIK cells. Furthermore, TIM-3 and CEACAM1 were strongly expressed simultaneously during long-term CIK culture and showed a significant and mutually positive correlation.Conclusion: These observations suggested that CIK cells might be partly exhausted before clinical transfusion, characterized by high expressions of PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1. Our results imply that implementing combined treatment on CIK cells before transfusion by use of antibodies targeting PD-L1, LAG-3, TIM-3, and CEACAM-1 might improve the efficiency of CIK therapy for NSCLC patients.
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