西安市不同天气空气小离子与氡的日变化及其影响机理
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摘要
空气离子不仅直接决定了大气电学特性,而且对气候变化和人类健康有重要影响。研究于2015年11月与2016年4月对西安市大气中的空气小离子、氡及PM_(2.5)浓度进行了连续24-72实时监测,考察了空气小离子、氡及PM_(2.5)质量浓度的日变化特点及其相关关系,比较了晴天与阴雨天对空气离子和氡浓度水平的影响,结合大气离子平衡模型探讨了空气离子浓度变化机理。结果表明,各种天气条件下,空气小离子和氡浓度都有明显的日变化特征。晴天,氡浓度总体表现为早上7:00高下午15:30低,空气小离子呈现双峰变化规律:7:00及17:00高,22:00低。空气小离子与氡呈显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.961;与PM_(2.5)呈负相关,相关系数为0.641。相比于晴好天气,阴雨天氡与PM_(2.5)浓度明显下降,浓度水平依次为晴天>阴天>雨天;空气小离子浓度显著升高,浓度水平依次为雨天>阴天>晴天。在非雨天气下,氡是空气小离子的主要来源,PM_(2.5)是其主要消耗物。研究结果对于深入认识空气离子与氡之间的相互作用和理解空气离子变化的影响机理具有重要意义。
引文
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[2]Grishin A,Yagodkin I,Martynov P,et al.Influence of aeroionization on the efficiency of capture of aerosol particles from air flows[J].2011.
[3]Li Y.Characteristics of Atmospheric Small Ions and Their Application to Assessment of Air Quality in a Typical Se mi-Arid City of Northwest China[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2015,15(3).
[4]Ryushi T,Kita I,Sakurai T,et al.The effect of exposure to negative air ions on the recovery of physiological responses after moderate endurance exercise[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1998,41(3):132-6.
[5]吴甫成,翟辅东,唐永芳,等.旅游区空气负离子分布特征及其开发利用研究[J].激光生物学报,2013,22(3):283-288.
[6]Kolarz P,正urguz Z.Air ions as indicators of short-term indoor radon variations[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2015,99:179-185.
[7]Rani K S P,Paramesh L,Chandrashekara M S.Diurnal variations of Po,Pb,and Po and their effect on atmospheric electrical conductivity in the lower atmosphere at Mysore city,Karnataka State,India[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,138:438-443.
[8]Salm J,Tammet E.Dependence of the ion-aerosol Equivalent attachment coefficient on the ratio of polar conductivities in a steady state.Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2011,11:211-217.
[9]Nagaraja K,Prasad B S N,Madhava M S,et al.Radon and its short-lived progeny:variations near the ground[J].Radiation measurements,2003,36(1):413-417.
[10]李芳.西安市大气颗粒物PM2.5污染特征及其与降水关系研究[D].西安建筑大学,2012.
[11]Blackwood LG.Normality Transformations for Environmen-tal Data from Compound Normal-lognormal Distributions[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,1995,35(1):55-75.
[12]孙明珠,田嫒,刘效兰.北京不同功能区空气负离子差异的实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(12F):515-519.
[13]Kolarz P M,Filipovi正D M,Marinkovi正B P.Daily variations of indoor air-ion and radon concentrations[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2009,67(11):2062-2067.
[14]Tammet H,Kulmala M.Simulation tool for atmospheric aerosol nucleation bursts[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2005,36(2):173-196.
[15]Horrak U,Iher H,Luts A,et al.Mobility spectrum of air ions at Tahkuse Observatory[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1994,991(D5):10697-10700.
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