社会距离对生命救援决策的影响
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：How Social Distance Affects Life-Saving Decision Making
- 论文作者：张玉凤 ; 周昊天 ; 栾墨 ; 李虹
- 英文论文作者：Yufeng Zhang ; Haotian Zhou ; Mo Luan ; Hong Li ; Department of Psychology ; Tsinghua University ; Booth School of Business ; University of Chicago
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：清华大学心理学系;芝加哥大学商学院;
- 论文关键词：社会距离 ; 风险偏好 ; 决策
- 英文论文关键词：social distance ; risk preference ; decision making
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：1
- 文件大小：804k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
有关社会距离对风险决策的影响研究中,主要集中探讨了自我—他人在风险决策中的差异,涵盖了金钱领域、人际关系领域、医疗领域等,而且并没有得到一致性的结论。有的研究发现,自我决策比为他人决策更加风险寻求;也有的研究发现,自我决策比为他人决策更加风险规避。本研究在综合前人研究的基础上,旨在探讨不同社会距离的他人对风险决策的影响,而非自我-他人决策差异。另外,以往研究的分歧也可能是由于决策领域的差异。于是,具体而言,本研究主要探讨在生命救援领域处于危险的人与决策者之间的社会距离对风险偏好的影响。本研究共包括4个实验。实验1发现,当社会距离较近的人陷入危险时,决策者的风险偏好较高;实验2发现,该效应仅存在于当具体哪些人获救是随机确定而非由决策者确定时;实验3发现,该效应在获益和损失框架中均存在;实验4通过对救援人数与情感的效价函数分析,进一步发现社会距离不同所引起的风险偏好差异可能是由于当社会距离较近时,决策者倾向于进行基于情感的评估,而当社会距离较远时,决策者倾向于进行基于计算的评估。
Many studies explored the self-other discrepancies in decision making under risk in monetary, relationship and medical situations, and yet the results are inconclusive. This research advances previous findings by exploring influences of social distance between persons in danger and the decision maker on risk preference in the life-saving domain. We found that decision-makers tend to be more risk-seeking when the lives of close others versus distant others are at stake both in the gain and loss framings, and this phenomenon only occurs when which lives to save are randomly determined rather than selected by the decision maker. By analyzing the shape of value function, we showed that the underlying mechanism for this difference in risk attitude might be that decision-makers engage in feeling-based evaluation when close others' lives are at stake but calculation-based evaluation when distant others' lives are at stake.
Many studies explored the self-other discrepancies in decision making under risk in monetary, relationship and medical situations, and yet the results are inconclusive. This research advances previous findings by exploring influences of social distance between persons in danger and the decision maker on risk preference in the life-saving domain. We found that decision-makers tend to be more risk-seeking when the lives of close others versus distant others are at stake both in the gain and loss framings, and this phenomenon only occurs when which lives to save are randomly determined rather than selected by the decision maker. By analyzing the shape of value function, we showed that the underlying mechanism for this difference in risk attitude might be that decision-makers engage in feeling-based evaluation when close others' lives are at stake but calculation-based evaluation when distant others' lives are at stake.
引文