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低铂燃料电池的挑战及应对策略
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摘要
质子膜燃料电池作为新一代清洁高效的能源动力技术正受到人们的广泛关注。它具有诸如高功率密度、高能量密度、运行温度低、无排放、启动快、对负载要求响应快等其它动力技术所不具备的综合优点。然而,车用燃料电池技术的推广正面临着降低成本降低铂载量的瓶颈。燃料电池铂用量主要应用于阴极的氧还原电催化反应。本报告聚焦于燃料电池阴极铂载量降低至商业化应用要求时所面临的的挑战与应对策略。随着阴极铂载量降低,阴极动力学将发生两方面的变化:(1)由于阴极工作电势的下降而导致电催化动力学的改变;(2)由于阴极电催化活性表面积的减少而导致催化层中的局域传质动力学的改变。本研究发现,以上两个改变均朝着不利的方向进行,使低铂燃料电池性能大幅恶化,成为低铂燃料电池的主要技术障碍。本报告将阐述以上催化动力学和传质动力学的变化规律,并由此而设计合成相对应的高性能低铂阴极催化剂,为车用燃料电池的商业化路径提供参考。
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) has been extensively studied because of its many desirable qualities for the automotive application, including high power density, low operating temperature(~80 ℃) as well as quick start-up and match-up to the power demand. Although appealing, a challenge caused by the high Pt loading in the cathode should be addressed before the mass production of fuel cell vehicles. In this regard, the research topic is now urgently focused on to use ultra-low Pt loading(≦0.1 gPt/kW) in the cathode of PEMFCs. Herein, the challenges in the ultra-low Pt cathode in terms of ORR kinetics and local transport resistance will be clarified and the corresponding solution in terms of the electrocatalyst design will be provided. How the ORR kinetics on the cathode changes with the Pt loading decreasing will be examined in detail and the difference in the transport resistance in each component, especially the O_2 local transport between the ultra-low Pt cathode and high Pt cathode will be elucidated.
引文
[1]Y.Huang,J.L.Zhang,A.Kongkanand,F.T.Wagner,J.C.M.Li,J.Jorné,J.Electrochem.Soc.,2014,161(1):F10-F15.
    [2]Y.Ono,T.Mashio,S.Takaichi,A.Ohma,H.Kanesaka,K.Shinohara,ECS Transactions,2010,28(27)69-78.

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