沙漠戈壁光伏电厂的生态功能
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摘要
光伏发电作为一种新兴的能源产业发展很快,近些年来在我国西北沙漠、戈壁地区也建立了一批光伏发电厂。那么,在沙漠、戈壁上建造光伏电厂有无生态学意义,有何生态学意义呢?本文运用河西走廊的气象资料和民勤沙区的光照观测资料以及植被观测资料,对此作了探索性分析。结果表明,1 m~2的光伏电池板转换的太阳能相当于民勤沙区260.75m~2沙漠植被利用的太阳能。我国沙漠、戈壁面积广大,沙尘暴和风沙流发生频繁。沙漠、戈壁地区光照资源丰富,在沙漠、戈壁上发展光伏产业,不仅具有可观的经济效益,而且具有显著的生态学意义:一方面能有效调节地表的热力平衡,防止和减少沙尘暴和风沙流,光伏发电与防沙治沙相得益彰,是一种经济产出和生态防护双赢的产业。另一方面,无需占用耕地和其他可用土地资源,有利于保护国家的耕地"红线"。沙漠、戈壁地区也是多风的地区,光伏发电厂辅之以风力发电均有利于转化、消耗沙漠、戈壁地区沙尘暴和风沙流的动力源,由此减少沙尘暴和风沙流的发生。
引文
[1]Liu W P.How to rescue China's PV industry.China Times,2012/11/2.
[2]Yang S Z.Installed capacity of wind power to break ten million kilowatts of Gansu.Gansu Farmers Reported,2015/1/13.
[3]Yue G W,Lin H X,Chang X..Research of scientific issues on sandstorm.Shandong People's Publishing House,2009:1-14.
[4]Chang Z F,Zhang D K,Zhang J H,Wang Q Q,Duan X F.Ecological effects of Gobi;a case study from the Hexi Corridor of Gansu.Chinese Journal of Agricuhural Resources and Regional Planning,2015,35(?):已录用.
[5]Zhang F H,Lai X Q,Pan X D.Characteristics of desert improving temperature effect and distribution of oasis agricultural heat resource.Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(6):751-754
[6]Cheng P.Promoting low-carbon economy by the development of the solar industry.Energy and Environment,2010(5):26-28.
[7]Liu C C.Green Design for sand-fixing in PV plant.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2012(18):191-192.
[8]Erden Cuce,Pinar Mert Cuce.Improving thermodynamic performance parameters of photovoltaic cells via air cooling.International Journal Ambient Energy,2014,35(4):193-199.
[9]irem Yuan,Honglie Shen,Lang Zhou,et al..Impurity photovoltaic effect in silicon solar cells doped with two impurities.Opt Quant Electron,2014(46):1457-1465.
[10]Baoyin Han,Sai-Anand Gopalan,Kwang-Don Lee,et al.Preheated solvent exposure on P3HT:thin film;A facile strategy to enhance performance in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells.Current Applied Physics,2014(14):1443-1450.
[11]Amir H.Nosrat,Lukas G.Swan,Joshua M.Pearce.Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from lowcost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities.Sustainable Energy Technologies Assessments,2014(8):34-41.
[12]State Forestry Administration.Bulletin desertification and sandification situation in China.China Green Times,2011.1.5.
[13]Western Daily.Desertification serious of Gansu Province and desertified land area of the province accounted for45.12%.2013.http://gansu.gscn.com.cn/system-06/17/010373103.shtml.
[14]Shen Y C,Wang X H,Cong R C,Lu Q.Eco-geographical zoning of deserts and gobi in China.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(1):1-13.
[15]Zhang W J,Nie J J.Expedition staff of Gansu explore the mysteries of gobi.Xinhuanet,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm.
[16]Central People's Government of the People's Republic China.Geographical and natural conditions.2012.http://www.gov.cntest2012-04/06/content_2107760.htm
[17]China Metorogical Administration-Cma Wind and Solar Eenrgy Resources Center.Detailed investigation and evaluation of wind energy resources in China.Wind Energy,2011(8):26-30.
[18]Chang Z F,ZhaoM.Study on desert ecology in Minqin.Lanzhou;Gansu Science and Technology Press,2006:50-62.
[19]Mo L W.Research of solar tracking system automatic of two-axis.Jinan;Shandong University of Science and Technology.2011.
[20]Guan N,Xue M.Solar and applied materials cooperate to achieve 18.32%conversion efficiency of solar cells in CECEP.Solar Energy,2014(2):56.
[21]Electronic Design Engineering.Conversion efficiency can reach 19%of Innovalight silicon ink solar cell.Electronic Design Engineering,2010(5):116.
[22]Information of Advanced Materials.Conversion efficiency increased to more than 25%of crystalline silicon solar cell.Information of Advanced Materials,2009(10):19.
[23]Zhang N,Yu G R,Yu Z L,Zhao S D.Simulation of temporal and spatialdistribution of natural vegetation light utilization efficiency based on 3S.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(3):325-336.
[24]Hui S S,Wu Y M,Wang X,Zu J,Chen X N,Yuan F P.Optimization of the Installation of Solar Panels.Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2012,31(5):28-30.
[25]Ming J,Liu Z Z,Wang P.Introduction of large-scale photovoltaic power plants in the desert.Inner Mongolia Science Technology&Economy,2010,211(9):44-46.
[26]Li X G,Feng S R.Technical and Economic Analysis of development PV industry in China.Industrial Technologt&Economy,2007,26(7):120-123.
[27]Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology.Solar cell conversion reached 41.1%ofFraunhofer Institute in Germany.Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2009,38(2):8.
[28]Yang X C.The world's highest conversion efficiency(reached 44.4%)of solar cell chip,Sharp Corporation.Information ofAdvanced Materials,2014(2):6.
[29]Xia A M,Li H,Ma S H.2 PV industry will enter off ruqi in 2012—Prospect of trends of the global PV industry.Solar&Renewable Energy Sources,2008(4):45-48.
[1]刘卫平.中国光伏产业如何脱困.华夏时报,2012/11/2.
[2]杨世智.甘肃风电装机容量突破千万千瓦.甘肃农民报,2015/1/13.
[3]岳高伟,蔺海晓,常旭.沙尘暴科学问题研究.济南:山东人民出版社,2009:1-14.
[4]常兆丰,张德魁,张剑挥,王强强,段晓峰.戈壁的生态效应—以甘肃西走廊为例.中国农业资源与区划,2015,35(?):已录用
[5]张凤华,赖先齐,潘旭东.沙漠增温效应特征及绿洲农业热量资源分异规律研究.中国沙漠,2004,24(6):751-754.
[6]程蓓.发展太阳能行业促进低碳经济.能源与环境,2010(5):26-28.
[7]刘长春.光伏电厂防风固沙绿化设计方案.现代农业科技,2012(18):191-192.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]国家林业局.中国荒漠化和沙化状况公报(N).中国绿色时报,2011/1/5.
[13]西部商报.甘肃省土地荒漠化严重已占全省面积45.12%.2013.http://gansu.gscn.com.cn/system-06/11,010373103.shtml.
[14]申元村,王秀红,丛日春,卢琦.中国沙漠、戈壁生态地理区划研究.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(1):1-13.
[15]张文静,聂建江.甘肃科考人员启程探索戈壁奥秘.新华网,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm.
[16]中华人民共和国中央人民政府官网.地理和自然状况.2012.http://www.gov.cn/test/2012-04/06/content_2107760.htm
[17]中国气象局风能太阳能资源评估中心.中国风能资源的详查和评估.风能,2011(8):26-30.
[18]常兆丰,赵明.民勤荒漠生态研究.兰州:甘肃科技出版社,2006:50-62.
[19]莫伦伟.双轴式太阳自动跟踪系统的研究.济南:山东科技大学.2011.
[20]关楠,薛梅.中节能太阳能与应用材料合作实现18.32%的太阳电池转换效率.太阳能,2014(2):56.
[21]电子设计工程.Innovalight硅墨太阳能电池转换效率达19%.电子设计工程,2010(5):116.
[22]现代材料动态.结晶硅型太阳能电池的转换效率提高至25%以上.现代材料动态,2009(10):19.
[23]张娜,于贵瑞,于振良,赵士洞.基于3S的自然植被光能利用率的时空分布特征的模拟.植物生态学报,2003,27(3):325-336.
[24]回双双,吴亚敏,王晓,朱洁,陈雪妮,袁封平.太阳能电池板的优化安装.实验室研究与探索,2012,31(5):28-30.
[25]明杰,刘志璋,王平.大规模沙漠光伏电站介绍.内蒙古科技与经济,2010,211(9):44-46.
[26]李晓刚,冯绍瑞.中国光伏产业发展的技术经济分析.工业技术经济,2007,26(7):120-123.
[27]机电工程技术.德国Fmunhofer。研究所太阳能电池转换效率达到41.1%.机电工程技术,2009,38(2):8.
[28]杨晓婵.夏普公司太阳电池片的转换效率达世界最高的44.4%.现代材料动态,2014(2):6.
[29]夏爱民,李华,马胜红.2012年光伏产业将进入脱乳期—全球光伏产业发展趋势展望.阳光能源,2008(4):45-48.
[2]Yang S Z.Installed capacity of wind power to break ten million kilowatts of Gansu.Gansu Farmers Reported,2015/1/13.
[3]Yue G W,Lin H X,Chang X..Research of scientific issues on sandstorm.Shandong People's Publishing House,2009:1-14.
[4]Chang Z F,Zhang D K,Zhang J H,Wang Q Q,Duan X F.Ecological effects of Gobi;a case study from the Hexi Corridor of Gansu.Chinese Journal of Agricuhural Resources and Regional Planning,2015,35(?):已录用.
[5]Zhang F H,Lai X Q,Pan X D.Characteristics of desert improving temperature effect and distribution of oasis agricultural heat resource.Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(6):751-754
[6]Cheng P.Promoting low-carbon economy by the development of the solar industry.Energy and Environment,2010(5):26-28.
[7]Liu C C.Green Design for sand-fixing in PV plant.Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology,2012(18):191-192.
[8]Erden Cuce,Pinar Mert Cuce.Improving thermodynamic performance parameters of photovoltaic cells via air cooling.International Journal Ambient Energy,2014,35(4):193-199.
[9]irem Yuan,Honglie Shen,Lang Zhou,et al..Impurity photovoltaic effect in silicon solar cells doped with two impurities.Opt Quant Electron,2014(46):1457-1465.
[10]Baoyin Han,Sai-Anand Gopalan,Kwang-Don Lee,et al.Preheated solvent exposure on P3HT:thin film;A facile strategy to enhance performance in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells.Current Applied Physics,2014(14):1443-1450.
[11]Amir H.Nosrat,Lukas G.Swan,Joshua M.Pearce.Simulations of greenhouse gas emission reductions from lowcost hybrid solar photovoltaic and cogeneration systems for new communities.Sustainable Energy Technologies Assessments,2014(8):34-41.
[12]State Forestry Administration.Bulletin desertification and sandification situation in China.China Green Times,2011.1.5.
[13]Western Daily.Desertification serious of Gansu Province and desertified land area of the province accounted for45.12%.2013.http://gansu.gscn.com.cn/system-06/17/010373103.shtml.
[14]Shen Y C,Wang X H,Cong R C,Lu Q.Eco-geographical zoning of deserts and gobi in China.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(1):1-13.
[15]Zhang W J,Nie J J.Expedition staff of Gansu explore the mysteries of gobi.Xinhuanet,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm.
[16]Central People's Government of the People's Republic China.Geographical and natural conditions.2012.http://www.gov.cntest2012-04/06/content_2107760.htm
[17]China Metorogical Administration-Cma Wind and Solar Eenrgy Resources Center.Detailed investigation and evaluation of wind energy resources in China.Wind Energy,2011(8):26-30.
[18]Chang Z F,ZhaoM.Study on desert ecology in Minqin.Lanzhou;Gansu Science and Technology Press,2006:50-62.
[19]Mo L W.Research of solar tracking system automatic of two-axis.Jinan;Shandong University of Science and Technology.2011.
[20]Guan N,Xue M.Solar and applied materials cooperate to achieve 18.32%conversion efficiency of solar cells in CECEP.Solar Energy,2014(2):56.
[21]Electronic Design Engineering.Conversion efficiency can reach 19%of Innovalight silicon ink solar cell.Electronic Design Engineering,2010(5):116.
[22]Information of Advanced Materials.Conversion efficiency increased to more than 25%of crystalline silicon solar cell.Information of Advanced Materials,2009(10):19.
[23]Zhang N,Yu G R,Yu Z L,Zhao S D.Simulation of temporal and spatialdistribution of natural vegetation light utilization efficiency based on 3S.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(3):325-336.
[24]Hui S S,Wu Y M,Wang X,Zu J,Chen X N,Yuan F P.Optimization of the Installation of Solar Panels.Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2012,31(5):28-30.
[25]Ming J,Liu Z Z,Wang P.Introduction of large-scale photovoltaic power plants in the desert.Inner Mongolia Science Technology&Economy,2010,211(9):44-46.
[26]Li X G,Feng S R.Technical and Economic Analysis of development PV industry in China.Industrial Technologt&Economy,2007,26(7):120-123.
[27]Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology.Solar cell conversion reached 41.1%ofFraunhofer Institute in Germany.Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2009,38(2):8.
[28]Yang X C.The world's highest conversion efficiency(reached 44.4%)of solar cell chip,Sharp Corporation.Information ofAdvanced Materials,2014(2):6.
[29]Xia A M,Li H,Ma S H.2 PV industry will enter off ruqi in 2012—Prospect of trends of the global PV industry.Solar&Renewable Energy Sources,2008(4):45-48.
[1]刘卫平.中国光伏产业如何脱困.华夏时报,2012/11/2.
[2]杨世智.甘肃风电装机容量突破千万千瓦.甘肃农民报,2015/1/13.
[3]岳高伟,蔺海晓,常旭.沙尘暴科学问题研究.济南:山东人民出版社,2009:1-14.
[4]常兆丰,张德魁,张剑挥,王强强,段晓峰.戈壁的生态效应—以甘肃西走廊为例.中国农业资源与区划,2015,35(?):已录用
[5]张凤华,赖先齐,潘旭东.沙漠增温效应特征及绿洲农业热量资源分异规律研究.中国沙漠,2004,24(6):751-754.
[6]程蓓.发展太阳能行业促进低碳经济.能源与环境,2010(5):26-28.
[7]刘长春.光伏电厂防风固沙绿化设计方案.现代农业科技,2012(18):191-192.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]国家林业局.中国荒漠化和沙化状况公报(N).中国绿色时报,2011/1/5.
[13]西部商报.甘肃省土地荒漠化严重已占全省面积45.12%.2013.http://gansu.gscn.com.cn/system-06/11,010373103.shtml.
[14]申元村,王秀红,丛日春,卢琦.中国沙漠、戈壁生态地理区划研究.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(1):1-13.
[15]张文静,聂建江.甘肃科考人员启程探索戈壁奥秘.新华网,2011,http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2011-09/07/c_121998513.htm.
[16]中华人民共和国中央人民政府官网.地理和自然状况.2012.http://www.gov.cn/test/2012-04/06/content_2107760.htm
[17]中国气象局风能太阳能资源评估中心.中国风能资源的详查和评估.风能,2011(8):26-30.
[18]常兆丰,赵明.民勤荒漠生态研究.兰州:甘肃科技出版社,2006:50-62.
[19]莫伦伟.双轴式太阳自动跟踪系统的研究.济南:山东科技大学.2011.
[20]关楠,薛梅.中节能太阳能与应用材料合作实现18.32%的太阳电池转换效率.太阳能,2014(2):56.
[21]电子设计工程.Innovalight硅墨太阳能电池转换效率达19%.电子设计工程,2010(5):116.
[22]现代材料动态.结晶硅型太阳能电池的转换效率提高至25%以上.现代材料动态,2009(10):19.
[23]张娜,于贵瑞,于振良,赵士洞.基于3S的自然植被光能利用率的时空分布特征的模拟.植物生态学报,2003,27(3):325-336.
[24]回双双,吴亚敏,王晓,朱洁,陈雪妮,袁封平.太阳能电池板的优化安装.实验室研究与探索,2012,31(5):28-30.
[25]明杰,刘志璋,王平.大规模沙漠光伏电站介绍.内蒙古科技与经济,2010,211(9):44-46.
[26]李晓刚,冯绍瑞.中国光伏产业发展的技术经济分析.工业技术经济,2007,26(7):120-123.
[27]机电工程技术.德国Fmunhofer。研究所太阳能电池转换效率达到41.1%.机电工程技术,2009,38(2):8.
[28]杨晓婵.夏普公司太阳电池片的转换效率达世界最高的44.4%.现代材料动态,2014(2):6.
[29]夏爱民,李华,马胜红.2012年光伏产业将进入脱乳期—全球光伏产业发展趋势展望.阳光能源,2008(4):45-48.