膜蒸馏在放射性废水处理中的应用
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- 英文论文题名：Application of membrane distillation process for liquid radioactive waste processing
- 论文作者：赵卷
- 英文论文作者：ZHAO Juan ; China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. ; LTD.
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：中国核电工程有限公司;
- 论文关键词：膜蒸馏 ; 放射性废水 ; 浓缩 ; 反渗透 ; 渗透通量
- 英文论文关键词：membrane distillation ; radioactive waste water ; concentration ; reverse osmosis ; permeate flux
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-21
- 会议录名称：中国核科学技术进展报告（第四卷）——中国核学会2015年学术年会论文集第6册（核化学与放射化学分卷、核化工分卷）
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：TL941.1
- 学会代码：EGVD
- 会议名称：中国核学会2015年学术年会
- 会议地点：中国四川绵阳
- 主办单位：中国核学会
- 学会名称：中国核学会
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：320k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
膜蒸馏是传统蒸馏工艺与膜分离技术相结合的一种液体分离技术,是一种用疏水性微孔膜将两种不同温度的溶液分开、较高温度侧溶液中易挥发的物质呈气态透过性进入另一侧、然后冷凝的膜分离过程。根据膜下游侧冷凝方式的不同,膜蒸馏过程可分为直接接触膜蒸馏、空气隙膜蒸馏、气扫膜蒸馏和真空膜蒸馏等四种类型。截留率,水通量和热利用率是膜蒸馏的主要性能参数。影响膜蒸馏的运行参数主要有:进料温度、进料入口浓度、进料循环速度和搅拌速度、渗透液温度、温差、渗透液流速、水蒸气压差以及蒸馏时间等。膜蒸馏因可利用太阳能、废热等低热值能源,在常压和较高的温度下从浓度很高的盐水中制取淡水或高浓度物料的脱水浓缩,已成为各方面重视的新型膜技术。膜蒸馏的商业应用从海水淡化开始,其他脱水浓缩方面的应用处于研究开发阶段。膜蒸馏可以代替其他放射性废液处理方法进行放射性废液的浓缩;膜蒸馏处理放射性废液装置简单,操作条件温和,截留率高,在某些情况下可以和其他方法竞争;和蒸发相比较,膜蒸馏通过一级操作就能脱除所有放射性核素,出水可以达到回用或直接排放标准。膜蒸馏工艺避免了常规蒸发工艺的腐蚀、结垢或起泡沫等问题。相对于已经广泛应用于核工业上的反渗透工艺,膜蒸馏具有如下优点:通过膜蒸馏可能达到水泥固化的高盐浓度;避免了反渗透膜的高压操作;减少了二次废液的产生。
Membrane distillation(MD) has been attractive and claimed to be promising separation technique and can be applied to be concentration of liquid low level radioactive wastes.The MD performance can be affected by many operating variables,such as the feed temperature,feed concentration,feed circulation velocity and stirring rate,permeate inlet temperature,temperature difference,permeate flow velocity and vapor pressure difference.Economic analysis has indicated the advantage of MD for low capacity plants utilizing waste heat(e.g.from the cooling system of nuclear reactors or the steam condensate system).MD avoids various problems inherent with conventional evaporation such as corrosion,scaling or foaming and drops entrainment.MD allows the complete purification of liquid radioactive waste in one stage and does not need additional processes to ensure sufficient purity of water discharged to the environment.Comparison between the two processes:a MD and reverse osmosis(RO) show that in some cases MD can be more beneficial,e.g.elimination of high pressures required by RO and expensive high-pressure pumps.
Membrane distillation(MD) has been attractive and claimed to be promising separation technique and can be applied to be concentration of liquid low level radioactive wastes.The MD performance can be affected by many operating variables,such as the feed temperature,feed concentration,feed circulation velocity and stirring rate,permeate inlet temperature,temperature difference,permeate flow velocity and vapor pressure difference.Economic analysis has indicated the advantage of MD for low capacity plants utilizing waste heat(e.g.from the cooling system of nuclear reactors or the steam condensate system).MD avoids various problems inherent with conventional evaporation such as corrosion,scaling or foaming and drops entrainment.MD allows the complete purification of liquid radioactive waste in one stage and does not need additional processes to ensure sufficient purity of water discharged to the environment.Comparison between the two processes:a MD and reverse osmosis(RO) show that in some cases MD can be more beneficial,e.g.elimination of high pressures required by RO and expensive high-pressure pumps.
引文
[1]徐又一,等.膜蒸馏研究的新进展[J].膜科学与技术,1998,18(6):1-6,18.
[2]吕晓龙.膜蒸馏过程探讨[J].膜科学与技术,2010,30(3):1-10.
[3]刘立华.膜蒸馏技术进展[J].唐山师范学院学报,2002,24(5):27-29.
[4]EI-Bourawi M.S.,et al.A Framework for Better Understanding Membrane Distillation Separation Process[J].Journal of Membrane Science 285(2006):4-29.
[5]王赞社,等.膜蒸馏技术在能量转换过程中的应用:基础与展望[J].科学通报,2009,54(14):2033-2044.
[6]林浩.膜蒸馏分离技术研究的进展及其应用[J].新疆石油学院学报,2001,13(3):56-61.
[7]王学松.现代膜技术及其应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[8]张亚静,等.膜蒸馏技术的应用和发展[J].过滤与分离,2001,11(2):16-18.
[9]Y.I.Dytnerskii,Y.V.Karlin,B.N.Kropotov,Prospects for using membrane distillation for processing liquid radioactive waters,At.Energy 75(1993):848-852.
[10]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel.Membrane distillation for radioactive waste treatment[J].Membrane Technology,103(1998):9-12.
[11]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Harasimowicz,A.G.Chmielewski.Concentration of radioactive components in liquid low-level radioactive waste by membrane distillation[J].Journal of Membrane Science 163(1999):257-264.
[12]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Harasimowicz,A.G.Chmielewski.Membrane processes in nuclear technologyapplication for liquid radioactive waste treatment[J].Separation and Purification Technology 22-23(2001)617-625.
[13]M.Khayet,I.Mengual,G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,Direct contact membrane distillation for nuclear desalination,PartⅡ:experiments with radioactive solutions,Int.J.Nuclear Desalination 2(2006)56-73.
[14]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Khayet,Membrane in nuclear science and technology:membrane modification as a tool for performance improvement,in:N.Hilal,M.Khayet,C.J.Wright(Eds.),Membrane Modification:Technology and Applications,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,2012,pp.1-19(ch.1).
[15]Haiyang Liu,Jianlong Wang,Treatment of radioactive wastewater using direct contact membrane distillation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,261(2013)307-315.
[16]M.Khayet.Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes[J].Desalination,321(2013)60-66.
[17]D.Rana,T.Matsuura,M.A.Kassim,A.F.Ismail,Radioactive decontamination of water by membrane processes-A review[J].Desalination,321(2013)77-92.
[2]吕晓龙.膜蒸馏过程探讨[J].膜科学与技术,2010,30(3):1-10.
[3]刘立华.膜蒸馏技术进展[J].唐山师范学院学报,2002,24(5):27-29.
[4]EI-Bourawi M.S.,et al.A Framework for Better Understanding Membrane Distillation Separation Process[J].Journal of Membrane Science 285(2006):4-29.
[5]王赞社,等.膜蒸馏技术在能量转换过程中的应用:基础与展望[J].科学通报,2009,54(14):2033-2044.
[6]林浩.膜蒸馏分离技术研究的进展及其应用[J].新疆石油学院学报,2001,13(3):56-61.
[7]王学松.现代膜技术及其应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[8]张亚静,等.膜蒸馏技术的应用和发展[J].过滤与分离,2001,11(2):16-18.
[9]Y.I.Dytnerskii,Y.V.Karlin,B.N.Kropotov,Prospects for using membrane distillation for processing liquid radioactive waters,At.Energy 75(1993):848-852.
[10]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel.Membrane distillation for radioactive waste treatment[J].Membrane Technology,103(1998):9-12.
[11]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Harasimowicz,A.G.Chmielewski.Concentration of radioactive components in liquid low-level radioactive waste by membrane distillation[J].Journal of Membrane Science 163(1999):257-264.
[12]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Harasimowicz,A.G.Chmielewski.Membrane processes in nuclear technologyapplication for liquid radioactive waste treatment[J].Separation and Purification Technology 22-23(2001)617-625.
[13]M.Khayet,I.Mengual,G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,Direct contact membrane distillation for nuclear desalination,PartⅡ:experiments with radioactive solutions,Int.J.Nuclear Desalination 2(2006)56-73.
[14]G.Zakrzewska-Trznadel,M.Khayet,Membrane in nuclear science and technology:membrane modification as a tool for performance improvement,in:N.Hilal,M.Khayet,C.J.Wright(Eds.),Membrane Modification:Technology and Applications,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,2012,pp.1-19(ch.1).
[15]Haiyang Liu,Jianlong Wang,Treatment of radioactive wastewater using direct contact membrane distillation[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,261(2013)307-315.
[16]M.Khayet.Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes[J].Desalination,321(2013)60-66.
[17]D.Rana,T.Matsuura,M.A.Kassim,A.F.Ismail,Radioactive decontamination of water by membrane processes-A review[J].Desalination,321(2013)77-92.
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