自主和归属需要的满足对个体自尊影响的实验研究
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- 英文论文题名：An Experimental Study on Self-Esteem:the Effects of Autonomy and Belongingness Need Satisfaction
- 论文作者：刘玉新 ; 郭亚蓉 ; 张建卫
- 英文论文作者：Yuxin Liu ; Yarong Guo ; Jianwei Zhang ; School of Business ; University of International Business and Economics ; Graduate School of Education ; Beijing Institute of Technology
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：对外经济贸易大学国际商学院;北京理工大学教育研究院;
- 论文关键词：自尊 ; 自主需要 ; 归属需要 ; 实验法 ; 自我决定理论
- 英文论文关键词：autonomy ; belongingness ; self-esteem ; experiment ; self-determination theory
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B848
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：806k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
自尊,是个体对其社会角色进行的积极自我评价,是个体对自己的综合价值所持有的肯定态度。自尊对个体的心理健康、幸福感有着显著的预测作用。自尊的影响因素是一个经典的课题,已有研究已经发现了个体认知、学业成绩和教养方式等因素的作用。根据自我决定理论(Self‐determination theory,SDT,Deci&Ryan,1985),自主和归属需要是个体的基本心理需要,真正的自尊源于心理需要的满足。然而,关于心理需求,特别是自主和归属需要对个体的自尊的影响,却缺乏足够的实证验证。本研究采用实验研究的方法,通过游戏软件"猫和老鼠",操纵自主和归属需求的满足,以考察它们对自尊的影响。实验中隐藏了真实的研究目的,被试被告知,实验是关于心理表象能力的研究。自主条件下,被试可以自由操作按键(数字键1‐4),而非自主条件下,被试必须严格遵照系统给予的指令来操作。"归属感"的操纵,则是分别告知被试,他们是被主人和同伴"宠爱"或"冷落"的一只饥饿的猫,需要捕获老鼠充饥。研究一,考察自主需求的满足对个体自尊的影响。将57名大学生被试分为自主组和非自主组,结果证明了自主需要的满足对个体自尊的影响显著;研究二,采用2×2的被试间设计,操纵"自主"和"归属"需求的满足,考察196名大学生在四种实验条件下的自尊水平。结果发现,自主需要和归属需要对个体自尊都各自具有显著影响,但二者之间的交互作用并不显著。针对研究结论,论文进行了讨论并在个体健康、教育和管理方面提出了建议和研究展望。
Self-esteem is a positive self-evaluation about one's social role. It is also a positive attitude people hold about their personal value. Self-esteem can significantly predict individual's mental health and well-being. As a classical concept, self-esteem has been studied extensively. To date, individual's cognition, academic performance and parenting styles have all been found to contribute to self-esteem. Self-determination theory(SDT,Deci & Ryan,1985)proposes that needs for autonomy and belongingness are two basic psychological needs of human being.The theory advocates satisfaction of those needs(i.e., autonomy and belongingness) to be a primary determinant of true self-esteem. However, empirical research examining the impact of basic psychological need satisfaction, especially autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem is rare. This impact of autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem was investigated in an experimental study where participants were invited to play a game named The Tom and Jerry Task. Participants were told that the study was about mental representation ability. We manipulated autonomy, distinguishing between no and full autonomy. Participants in the full autonomy group can freely press the keys(keys 1–4), whereas those in no autonomy group have to follow the directions strictly. We also manipulated belongingness, distinguishing between accepted and excluded group. Participants in the accepted group were told that they are their master's favorite cat, whereas those in the excluded group were told that they were excluded by their master. The impact of autonomy need satisfaction on self-esteem was investigated in study 1 where 95 participants were assigned either to full autonomy or to no autonomy group. Autonomy need satisfaction was found to have significant effect on individual's self-esteem. In study 2 where 196 participants were assigned to four experimental conditions, a 2×2 between-subjects design was used to examine the effects of both autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem. Both autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction were found to have significant independent effects on individual's self-esteem. The interaction effect, however, was found to be not significant. Implications and further suggestions on individual well-being, education and management practice were discussed.
Self-esteem is a positive self-evaluation about one's social role. It is also a positive attitude people hold about their personal value. Self-esteem can significantly predict individual's mental health and well-being. As a classical concept, self-esteem has been studied extensively. To date, individual's cognition, academic performance and parenting styles have all been found to contribute to self-esteem. Self-determination theory(SDT,Deci & Ryan,1985)proposes that needs for autonomy and belongingness are two basic psychological needs of human being.The theory advocates satisfaction of those needs(i.e., autonomy and belongingness) to be a primary determinant of true self-esteem. However, empirical research examining the impact of basic psychological need satisfaction, especially autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem is rare. This impact of autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem was investigated in an experimental study where participants were invited to play a game named The Tom and Jerry Task. Participants were told that the study was about mental representation ability. We manipulated autonomy, distinguishing between no and full autonomy. Participants in the full autonomy group can freely press the keys(keys 1–4), whereas those in no autonomy group have to follow the directions strictly. We also manipulated belongingness, distinguishing between accepted and excluded group. Participants in the accepted group were told that they are their master's favorite cat, whereas those in the excluded group were told that they were excluded by their master. The impact of autonomy need satisfaction on self-esteem was investigated in study 1 where 95 participants were assigned either to full autonomy or to no autonomy group. Autonomy need satisfaction was found to have significant effect on individual's self-esteem. In study 2 where 196 participants were assigned to four experimental conditions, a 2×2 between-subjects design was used to examine the effects of both autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction on self-esteem. Both autonomy and belongingness need satisfaction were found to have significant independent effects on individual's self-esteem. The interaction effect, however, was found to be not significant. Implications and further suggestions on individual well-being, education and management practice were discussed.
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