1975—2015年某铁路职业伤害流行病学研究
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- 英文论文题名：Epidemiological study on occupational injuris in a railway from 1975 to 2015
- 论文作者：张琳
- 英文论文作者：Zhang Lin ; Nanjing Center for Disease Controle and Prevention of Shanghai Railway Bureau
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：上海铁路局南京疾病预防控制所;
- 论文关键词：铁路 ; 职业伤害 ; 流行病学 ; 研究
- 英文论文关键词：Railway ; Occupational injuries ; Epidemiology ; Research
- 会议召开时间：2016-06-25
- 会议录名称：青藏铁路运营十周年学术研讨会卫生系统论文集
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：R13
- 学会代码：ZGTD
- 会议名称：青藏铁路运营十周年学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国西藏拉萨
- 主办单位：中国铁道学会、青海省科学技术协会、西藏自治区科学技术协会
- 学会名称：中国铁道学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：444k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
目的了解徐州铁路职业伤害流行特征,为铁路职业安全卫生科学管理提供了科学依据;方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法对1975-2015年报表辖区发生职业伤害案件资料整理进行回顾性调查研究,相关数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件处理,用X~2检验进行统计学分析;结果徐州铁路职业伤害流行特征:1975-2015年职业伤害、达级伤害、职业死亡人数分别为804、558、4人,年均发生率各为0.55、0.79、9.64×10~(-5)‰,各年度间职业伤害率和达级伤害率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),1976年职业伤害率和1979年达级伤害率最高,2015年职业伤害率和达级伤害率均最低,且职业伤害率在年龄、性别、工龄、时间、部门、文化层次和伤害部位、性质、程度等方面均有显著差异(P<0.01),分别在26-30岁年龄、男性职工、11-15年工龄、第1季度、机务部门、初中及以下文化、上肢骨折、车辆伤害、轻度职业伤害发生率最高;铁路职业伤害程度以轻伤为主,轻伤、中伤、重伤、死亡比例为410:97:47:4,具有高职业伤害率、低死亡率的行业特点;引发职业伤害的主要原因是违规操作和安全意识不强;结论铁路企业需要有针对性开展职业伤害干预,不断强化职业安全教育,提高作业人员安全作业意识和树立职业安全行为,减少或杜绝徐州铁路地区职业伤害发生,促进铁路安全运输生产。
To understand the characteristics of Xuzhou Railway occupational injuries prevalence and provide the scientific basis for the scientificmanagement of railway occupational safety and hygiene;Methods It used the descriptive epidemiology researchmethods to collect the files of the professional injuries cases reported in jurisdiction from 1975 to 2015 to retrospectively survey and study.The statistics related was processed by SPSS13.0 statistical software and analyzed by X2 detection;Results Follows were characteristics of Xuzhou Railway occupational injuries prevalence.From 1975 to 2015,the number of people who suffered professional injuries,reached injuries level,suffered occupational fatalities was 804,558,4.The respective annual average incidence rate of them was0.55、0.79、9.64 × 10~(-5)‰.The difference of occupational injuries rates and reaching level injuries rates both had themeaning of statistics(P < 0.01).The rate of occupational injuries rates was highest in 1976 and the rate of occupational injuries rates was highest in 1979,the rates of them were lowest in 2015,And occupational injuries rates had obvious differences in ages,genders,seniorities,time,departments,culture levels and the parts,natures,degrees of injuries,etc.They were respectively highest in 26 to 30 years old,male workers,11 to 15 working years,the first quarter,locomotive department,junior high school level of education below,fracture of upper limb,vehicle injuries,mild occupational injuries.The degree of railway occupational injuriesmost aremild injuries,the proportion ofmild injuries,moderate injuries,severe injuries and death is 410:97:47:4,which had the characteristics of high occupational injuries rate and low death rate.The reasons causing occupational injuries are violations and weak safety awareness.Conclusions Railway enterprises need to carry out targeted intervention of occupational injuries,gradually strengthen occupational safety education,improve workers' awareness of safe operation,have occupational safe behaviors,reduce or eliminate the occurrence of occupational injuries in Xuzhou railway region and facilitate the railway safe transportation and production.
To understand the characteristics of Xuzhou Railway occupational injuries prevalence and provide the scientific basis for the scientificmanagement of railway occupational safety and hygiene;Methods It used the descriptive epidemiology researchmethods to collect the files of the professional injuries cases reported in jurisdiction from 1975 to 2015 to retrospectively survey and study.The statistics related was processed by SPSS13.0 statistical software and analyzed by X2 detection;Results Follows were characteristics of Xuzhou Railway occupational injuries prevalence.From 1975 to 2015,the number of people who suffered professional injuries,reached injuries level,suffered occupational fatalities was 804,558,4.The respective annual average incidence rate of them was0.55、0.79、9.64 × 10~(-5)‰.The difference of occupational injuries rates and reaching level injuries rates both had themeaning of statistics(P < 0.01).The rate of occupational injuries rates was highest in 1976 and the rate of occupational injuries rates was highest in 1979,the rates of them were lowest in 2015,And occupational injuries rates had obvious differences in ages,genders,seniorities,time,departments,culture levels and the parts,natures,degrees of injuries,etc.They were respectively highest in 26 to 30 years old,male workers,11 to 15 working years,the first quarter,locomotive department,junior high school level of education below,fracture of upper limb,vehicle injuries,mild occupational injuries.The degree of railway occupational injuriesmost aremild injuries,the proportion ofmild injuries,moderate injuries,severe injuries and death is 410:97:47:4,which had the characteristics of high occupational injuries rate and low death rate.The reasons causing occupational injuries are violations and weak safety awareness.Conclusions Railway enterprises need to carry out targeted intervention of occupational injuries,gradually strengthen occupational safety education,improve workers' awareness of safe operation,have occupational safe behaviors,reduce or eliminate the occurrence of occupational injuries in Xuzhou railway region and facilitate the railway safe transportation and production.
引文
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[6]王丽颖,夏昭林,庄惠敏,等,造船企业工人职业伤害知信行调查研究[J],疾病控制杂志,2007,11(3):292-294.
[7]陈维清,等.近海石油生产工人职业压力与职业性意外伤害关系的探讨[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(6):441-444.
[8]王淑玉,刘新霞,邓永芳,等.2004-2013年某金属加工企业职业伤害流行病学调查[J].中国工业医学,2015,28(5):369-371.
[9]白梅,杨莉.废纸死刑职业伤害危险因素的研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2008,35(6):512-514.
[10]刘金英,高晓虹,李晓枫,等.某港口企业职业伤害流行病学调查[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(8):997.
[11]ZWERLINGDENG C,SPRINCE N L,DAVIS C S,et al.Occupational injuries among older workers with disabilities:a pprospective conhort study of the health and retirement survey 1992 to 1994(J).Am J Public Health,1998,88(1):1691-1995.
[12]GAUCHARD G C,CHAU N,TOURON C,et al.Individual characteristion in occupational accidents due to imbalance;a casecontrol study of the employees of arailway company[J].Occup Environmed,2003,60(5);330-335.
[13]NAKATA A,IKED A T,TAKAHASHIm,et al.SLEEP-related risk of occupational injuries in Japancese small andmediumscale enterprises[J].Ind Health,2005,43(1):89-97.
[14]刘新荣,杨建国,沈骏,等.1992-2003年某化工开发区职业伤害的流行病学研究[J].工业卫生与职业病,2003,29(6):321-325.
[2]鲁京浦2006--2010年胜利油田职业伤害流行病学特征分析[J]中国职业医学,2015(4):476-480
[3]BHATTACHERJEE A,BERTRAND J P,MEYER J P,et al.Relationships of physical job tasks and living conditions with occupational injuries in coalminers[J].Ind Health,2007,45(2)-352-358.
[4]周毅,刘招丰,徐丽萍,等,1980-2004年某机械集团工伤事故的调查分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,2006,19(3):179-181.
[5]邵涛,曹多志,李会珍,等.某钢铁企业职业伤害调查研究[J].环境与职业医学,2004,21(4):326-329.
[6]王丽颖,夏昭林,庄惠敏,等,造船企业工人职业伤害知信行调查研究[J],疾病控制杂志,2007,11(3):292-294.
[7]陈维清,等.近海石油生产工人职业压力与职业性意外伤害关系的探讨[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(6):441-444.
[8]王淑玉,刘新霞,邓永芳,等.2004-2013年某金属加工企业职业伤害流行病学调查[J].中国工业医学,2015,28(5):369-371.
[9]白梅,杨莉.废纸死刑职业伤害危险因素的研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2008,35(6):512-514.
[10]刘金英,高晓虹,李晓枫,等.某港口企业职业伤害流行病学调查[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(8):997.
[11]ZWERLINGDENG C,SPRINCE N L,DAVIS C S,et al.Occupational injuries among older workers with disabilities:a pprospective conhort study of the health and retirement survey 1992 to 1994(J).Am J Public Health,1998,88(1):1691-1995.
[12]GAUCHARD G C,CHAU N,TOURON C,et al.Individual characteristion in occupational accidents due to imbalance;a casecontrol study of the employees of arailway company[J].Occup Environmed,2003,60(5);330-335.
[13]NAKATA A,IKED A T,TAKAHASHIm,et al.SLEEP-related risk of occupational injuries in Japancese small andmediumscale enterprises[J].Ind Health,2005,43(1):89-97.
[14]刘新荣,杨建国,沈骏,等.1992-2003年某化工开发区职业伤害的流行病学研究[J].工业卫生与职业病,2003,29(6):321-325.
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