聚苯乙烯塑料中多溴联苯醚的分离研究
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摘要
针对直接从塑料颗粒中浸出多溴联苯醚过程存在时间长、效率低等问题,采用柠檬烯为溶剂,将塑料颗粒转变为塑料溶液,调查了反溶剂沉淀聚苯乙烯(PS)的工艺条件与多溴联苯醚分离效果之间的关系。实验结果表明:多溴联苯醚的分离效果主要受到混合溶剂的溶解能力、沉淀物中的溶剂含量及颗粒特性影响。对于浓度为10%的PS塑料溶液,合适的分离条件是在40℃、3000r/min的搅拌下,加入2倍塑料溶液质量的正丙醇进行沉淀,然后在40℃~50℃之间,用正丙醇与柠檬烯体积比为1:1的混合溶剂在洗涤。近年来废旧家电塑料带来的多溴联苯醚环境污染受到了广泛关注[1],脱溴是减少污染、实现其清洁循环利用必须解决的关键技术,目前废旧电子塑料的脱溴研究多集中在热解、热解、热处理技术等领域[2-4],但这些技术需要借助热过程来分解溴系阻燃剂,然而在高温分解含溴阻燃剂的同时,电子塑料也被破坏而失去了原有的利用价值,此外热过程还可能形成二噁英、呋喃等有毒组分[5-6],带来新的环境危害。本文选择合适的有机溶剂,将聚苯乙烯塑料转化为塑料溶液,然后通过反溶剂沉淀过程将塑料与多溴联苯醚分离,实现废旧家电塑料的清洁再生利用,论文调查了影响分离效果的各项因素,优化了沉淀分离条件。
引文
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[7]赵向阳,桑世华,高丽敏等.阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯的溶剂法再生工艺研究[J].现代化工,31(9):142-145
[2]Md.Azhar Uddin,Thallada Bhaska,Toshiaki Kusaba,et al.Debromination of flame retardant high impact polystyrene(HIPS-Br)by hydrothermal treatment and recovery of bromine free plastics[J].Green Chemistry,2003,(5):260-263
[3]Zs.Czegeny,E.Jakab,M.Blazso,et al.Thermal decomposition of polymer mixtures of PVC,PET and ABS containing brominated flame retardant;Formation of chlorinated and brominated organic compounds[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2012,96:69-77.
[4]Xiaoning Yang,Lushi Sun,Jun Xiang,et al.Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE):A review[J].Waste Management,2013,33(2):462-473.
[5]Silke Rupp,Jorg W.Metzger.Brominated-chlorinated diphenyl ethers formed by thermolysis of polybromina-ted diphenylethers at low temperatures[J].Chemosphere,2005,60:1644-1651.
[6]Mihai Brebu,Emma Jakab,Yusaku Sakata.Effect of flame retardants and Sb_2o-3 synergist on the thermal decomposition of high-impact polystyrene and on its debromination by ammonia treatment[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis.2007,79(1-2):346-352.
[7]赵向阳,桑世华,高丽敏等.阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯的溶剂法再生工艺研究[J].现代化工,31(9):142-145