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利用多酸设计和制备新型高效非贵金属电解水制氢催化剂
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摘要
电解水制氢是氢能开发领域极具发展潜力的技术。当前的瓶颈问题之一是所采用的贵金属铂电催化剂稀缺,阻碍大规模工业化。开发高效、稳定且储量丰富的非贵金属电催化剂成为该领域的重要挑战。基于钼、钨金属化合物的电催化剂是有望取代Pt的重要非贵金属催化剂。同时钼钨又是构成多金属氧酸盐的重要金属元素。因此,我们拟利用富含丰产元素钼、钨且具有均一纳米尺寸的多酸为前驱体,设计制备新型高效非贵金属电解水制氢催化剂。利用多酸分子设计平台,精细调整多酸的组成、结构以及多酸与各类有机掺杂源(碳、氮、磷、硫等)、分散剂和附载材料的结合方式(如图1所示),合成各类多酸基前驱体,并进行控温热解,有望制备新型低价金属(钼/钨)氧化物、金属碳化物、磷化物、硫化物等电催化剂。
The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) via an electrocatalytic water-splitting method is a promising approach for hydrogen production owing to its high energy conversion efficiency. A key problem of this method is seeking highly active, stable and cheap electrocatalysts that can substitute the currently best catalyst Pt. In our project, the nanoscale polyoxometalates(POMs) with enriched molybdenum & tungsten metal centers will be used as the precursors to design and prepare new non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for HER. POMs will be employed as a molecular assembly platform to precisely tune various metal components and structural features. Furthermore, the combination of POMs with a series of organic dopants(C, N, P, S etc), dispersants and carrier materials will lead to various assemblies that can disperse POM units at the molecular level, which will be annealed at limited range so as to obtain new type of nanoscale low-valent metal(Mo/W) oxides, metal carbides, phosphide, and sulfide electrocatalytic materials, which may lead to new high efficient non-noble-metal electrocatalysts for HER.
引文
[1]Rausch,B.;Symes,M.D.;Chisholm,G.;Cronin,L.Science 2014,345:1326.
    [2]Wu,H.B.;Xia,B.Y.;Yu,L.;Yu,X.Y.;Lou,X.W.Nat.Comm.2015,6:6512.

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