视觉搜索任务中背景线索效应机制的探讨
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- 英文论文题名：The Mechanisms of Contextual Cueing Effect in Visual Search Tasks
- 论文作者：惠亚博 ; 宋晨 ; 李晓杰 ; 王超 ; 赵光 ; 李士一 ; 白学军 ; 孙弘进
- 英文论文作者：Hui ; YB ; Song ; C ; Li ; XJ ; Wang ; C. ; Zhao ; G. ; Li ; SY ; Bai ; XJ ; Sun ; H.-J ; Academy of Psychology and Behaviour ; Tianjin Normal University ; Department of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience ; Liaoning Normal University ; Department of Psychology ; Neuroscience & Behaviour ; McMaster University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：天津师范大学心理与行为研究院;辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心;Department of Psychology,Neuroscience &Behaviour,McMaster University;
- 论文关键词：背景线索效应 ; 内隐学习 ; 注意
- 英文论文关键词：contextual cueing effect ; implicit memory ; attention
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：734k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
Chun和Jiang(1998)发现,在视觉搜索任务中,如果目标位置总是与特定的分心物布局(背景)一一对应并且重复出现,随着实验的进行,被试对重复场景的反应时间会快于不重复的场景,这一现象被称为背景线索效应。背景线索效应产生的机制存在争议,是重复背景对目标位置的注意引导,还是反应选择的加快?本研究采用背景线索效应范式的一种新变式,将两个重复背景分别匹配两个可能的目标位置,但每个背景交替匹配两个可能目标中的一个。实验一发现当重复背景与目标位置两两对应时,所产生的背景线索效应与从传统的实验范式(背景与目标一一对应)所产生的效应量相同。该结果表明重复场景对目标位置的注意引导不是产生背景线索效应的必要条件。实验二通过操纵分心物的项目数量,得到反应时×项目数量的直线关系。结果发现,传统范式条件下,背景线索效应产生是由于注意引导加快了重复场景的搜索效率;而背景与目标两两对应的条件下,背景线索效应的产生是由于对重复场景反应选择的加快。本研究首次揭示了背景线索效应产生机制的多样性和机动性。
In the classic contextual cueing paradigm, participants performed a visual search task in which they looked for a target letter T among a number of distractor letter Ls. Half of the scenes were repeated over blocks while the other half were novel. Over time, smaller reaction times were found for repeated scenes than for novel scenes(contextual cueing effect, Chun and Jiang, 1998). Recent research has shown that, following an initial learning phase in which a reliable contextual cueing effect had been established, when the target locations were exchanged between two different repeated scenes, the contextual cueing effect was largely maintained(Zellin et al., 2013). Instead of the maintenance of contextual cueing effect, the current study examined whether contextual cueing effect could be generated without a fixed one-to-one relation between target location and context. We used a modified contextual cueing paradigm in which target locations were exchanged between repeated scenes across blocks during the learning phase. When each of two target locations were paired with each of two different contexts(over two consecutive blocks), comparable contextual cueing effect was found as that of the control(where one target only paired with one context). The results suggest that one-to-one relation between target and context is not the necessary condition for contextual cueing effect. Moreover, variation of set size showed that while attention guidance was responsible for contextual cueing when one target was paired with only one context, benefit in response selection played major role in the contextual cueing effect in the paradigm where each of two contexts were paired with one of two possible targets. Overall, the results of this study showed that comparable contextual cueing effect could be generated by different mechanisms depending on the relation between target and context in the repeated displays, demonstrating the dynamic and flexible nature of the effect.
In the classic contextual cueing paradigm, participants performed a visual search task in which they looked for a target letter T among a number of distractor letter Ls. Half of the scenes were repeated over blocks while the other half were novel. Over time, smaller reaction times were found for repeated scenes than for novel scenes(contextual cueing effect, Chun and Jiang, 1998). Recent research has shown that, following an initial learning phase in which a reliable contextual cueing effect had been established, when the target locations were exchanged between two different repeated scenes, the contextual cueing effect was largely maintained(Zellin et al., 2013). Instead of the maintenance of contextual cueing effect, the current study examined whether contextual cueing effect could be generated without a fixed one-to-one relation between target location and context. We used a modified contextual cueing paradigm in which target locations were exchanged between repeated scenes across blocks during the learning phase. When each of two target locations were paired with each of two different contexts(over two consecutive blocks), comparable contextual cueing effect was found as that of the control(where one target only paired with one context). The results suggest that one-to-one relation between target and context is not the necessary condition for contextual cueing effect. Moreover, variation of set size showed that while attention guidance was responsible for contextual cueing when one target was paired with only one context, benefit in response selection played major role in the contextual cueing effect in the paradigm where each of two contexts were paired with one of two possible targets. Overall, the results of this study showed that comparable contextual cueing effect could be generated by different mechanisms depending on the relation between target and context in the repeated displays, demonstrating the dynamic and flexible nature of the effect.
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