施氮量与基追比例对烟叶品质及氮肥利用率的影响
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- 英文论文题名：Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Ratio of Base and Topdressing on Flue-cured Tobacco Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency
- 论文作者：马兴华 ; 石屹 ; 张忠锋 ; 王永 ; 杨明峰 ; 管恩森 ; 李剑侠
- 英文论文作者：MA Xinghua ; SHI Yi ; ZHANG Zhongfeng ; WANG Yong ; YANG Mingfeng ; GUAN Ensen ; LI Jianxia ; Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing ; Ministry of Agriculture ; Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS ; China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co. ; Ltd. ; Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co. ; Ltd. ; China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. ; Ltd.
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：中国农业科学院烟草研究所农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室;山东中烟工业有限责任公司;山东潍坊烟草有限公司;河南中烟工业有限责任公司;
- 论文关键词：施氮量 ; 基追比例 ; 化学成分 ; 感官质量 ; 氮肥利用率
- 英文论文关键词：nitrogen fertilizer rate ; ratio of base and topdressing ; chemistry component ; sensory quality ; nitrogen utilization efficiency
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S572
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：1161k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
通过3年的田间试验,研究了不同施氮量和基追比例对烟叶化学成分、感官质量及氮肥利用率等的影响。结果表明,降低施氮量增加了烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比,降低了总植物碱、总氮、钾含量及钾氯比,改善了烟叶感官质量;降低施氮量显著降低了氮素积累量、来自肥料和土壤的氮量,显著提高了氮肥利用率。相同施氮量,随追肥比例增加,2009和2012年度烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比先增加后降低,总植物碱、总氮含量先降低后增加;2010年烟叶总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比降低,总植物碱和总氮含量提高。2009、2010年度感官质量分别以追肥比例为70%和50%的处理最佳;2012年度高施氮量以追肥比例为70%处理最佳,低施氮量以50%处理最好。增加追肥比例显著提高了氮肥利用率。通过3年研究发现,施氮量从90 kg/hm~2降至45～60 kg/hm~2,追肥比例增至50%～70%可改善烟叶感官质量及提高氮肥利用率。
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on flue-cured tobacco quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE), field experiments were conducted for three years. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate led to an increase in total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine. Reduced nitrogen application also caused a decrease in nicotine content, nitrogen content, potassium content and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. Overall tobacco sensory quality was improved in the low nitrogen treatments. Reducing nitrogen rate caused reduction of total nitrogen accumulation, amount of nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil, with a significant increase of NUE. Under the same nitrogen application rate, treatments with increased topdressing fertilizer showed increase then decrease of total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine in the years of 2009 and 2012. Total nicotine content and nitrogen content on the other hand, showed decrease then increase with more topdressing fertilizer in the same years. In 2010, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine decreased with the increase of topdressing fertilizer while the total nicotine content and nitrogen content showed the opposite trend. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the treatments with 70% topdressing and 50% topdressing had the best sensory quality in 2009 and 2010 respectively. In 2012, the treatment with 50% topdressing ratio had the best tobacco sensory quality under the higher nitrogen application rate, but under the lower nitrogen application rate, the treatment with 50% topdressing had the best sensory quality. Increase of topdressing nitrogen increased the NUE significantly. According to the results of three years, it could be concluded that reducing nitrogen application rate from 90 kg/hm2 to 45-60 kg/hm2, and increasing topdressing application to 50%-70% could increase sensory quality and NUE.
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on flue-cured tobacco quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE), field experiments were conducted for three years. The results showed that reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate led to an increase in total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine. Reduced nitrogen application also caused a decrease in nicotine content, nitrogen content, potassium content and the ratio of potassium to chlorine. Overall tobacco sensory quality was improved in the low nitrogen treatments. Reducing nitrogen rate caused reduction of total nitrogen accumulation, amount of nitrogen derived from fertilizer and soil, with a significant increase of NUE. Under the same nitrogen application rate, treatments with increased topdressing fertilizer showed increase then decrease of total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine in the years of 2009 and 2012. Total nicotine content and nitrogen content on the other hand, showed decrease then increase with more topdressing fertilizer in the same years. In 2010, total sugar content, reducing sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine decreased with the increase of topdressing fertilizer while the total nicotine content and nitrogen content showed the opposite trend. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the treatments with 70% topdressing and 50% topdressing had the best sensory quality in 2009 and 2010 respectively. In 2012, the treatment with 50% topdressing ratio had the best tobacco sensory quality under the higher nitrogen application rate, but under the lower nitrogen application rate, the treatment with 50% topdressing had the best sensory quality. Increase of topdressing nitrogen increased the NUE significantly. According to the results of three years, it could be concluded that reducing nitrogen application rate from 90 kg/hm2 to 45-60 kg/hm2, and increasing topdressing application to 50%-70% could increase sensory quality and NUE.
引文
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[12]苑举民,张忠锋,石屹,等.低肥力土壤施氮对烤烟干物质积累、氮素吸收及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(4):47-51.
[13]李文卿,陈顺辉,李春俭,等.不同施氮水平对翠碧1号烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):142-146.
[14]邱万勇,刘烈定,凌寿军.不同施肥方式及水肥调控对烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2005,26(2):22-24.
[15]张海伟,翟晶,程小强,等.不同基追肥比例及施氮量对紫色土旱地烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(2):72-76.
[16]杨红武,周冀衡,赵松义,等.基追肥比例对烤烟生长及产质量影响的研究[J].作物研究,2008,22(3):184-188.
[17]朱肖文,赵婷,朱滕义,等.氮素追肥比例对烤烟生长发育及产量、质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12294-12295.
[18]袁仕豪,易建华,蒲文宣,等.多雨地区烤烟对基肥和追肥氮的利用率[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2223-2227.
[2]马兴华,张忠锋,荣凡番,等.高低土壤肥力条件下烤烟对氮素吸收、分配和利用的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):1-4,9.
[3]石玉,于振文,王东,等.施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素吸收转运及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(12):1860-1866.
[4]赵士诚,裴雪霞,何萍,等.氮肥减量后移对土壤氮素供应和夏玉米氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):492-497.
[5]石玉,于振文,李延奇,等.施氮量和底追肥比例对冬小麦产量及肥料氮去向的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):54-62.
[6]陈子元,温贤芳,胡国辉.核技术及其在农业科学中的应用[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1983.
[7]张生杰,黄元炯,任庆成,等.氮素对不同品种烤烟叶片衰老、光合特性及产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):668-674.
[8]吴照辉,郭芳阳,李富欣,等.浓香型烤烟新品种适宜施氮量研究[J].湖南农业科学,2012(1):54-57,61.
[9]戴勋,王毅,廖小琳,等.不同施氮量对云烟85烤烟品种生长及产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12291-12293.
[10]荣凡番,张忠锋,张教侠,等.不同施氮水平对山东褐土烟田供氮状况及烤烟质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(2):41-46.
[11]李宏光,赵正雄,杨勇,等.施肥量对烟田土壤氮素供应及烟叶产质量的影响[J].西南师范大学学报,2007,32(4):37-42.
[12]苑举民,张忠锋,石屹,等.低肥力土壤施氮对烤烟干物质积累、氮素吸收及产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(4):47-51.
[13]李文卿,陈顺辉,李春俭,等.不同施氮水平对翠碧1号烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(4):142-146.
[14]邱万勇,刘烈定,凌寿军.不同施肥方式及水肥调控对烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2005,26(2):22-24.
[15]张海伟,翟晶,程小强,等.不同基追肥比例及施氮量对紫色土旱地烤烟产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(2):72-76.
[16]杨红武,周冀衡,赵松义,等.基追肥比例对烤烟生长及产质量影响的研究[J].作物研究,2008,22(3):184-188.
[17]朱肖文,赵婷,朱滕义,等.氮素追肥比例对烤烟生长发育及产量、质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(28):12294-12295.
[18]袁仕豪,易建华,蒲文宣,等.多雨地区烤烟对基肥和追肥氮的利用率[J].作物学报,2008,34(12):2223-2227.