施用生物炭对云南烟区典型土壤养分淋失的影响

详细信息    查看官网全文

• 英文论文题名：Leaching loss of tobacco soil nutrients as affected by biochar addition
• 论文作者：李江舟 ; 张立猛 ; 张庆忠
• 英文论文作者：LI Jiang-zhou ; ZHANG Li-meng ; ZHANG Qing-zhong ; Yunnan Yuxi Tobacco Company ; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture ; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
• 年：2016
• 作者机构：云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;
• 论文关键词：生物炭 ; 植烟土壤 ; 养分淋溶
• 英文论文关键词：biochar ; tobacco soil ; nutrient leaching
• 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
• 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：S572;S158
• 学会代码：ZGYG
• 学会名称：中国烟草学会
• 页数：5
• 文件大小：395k
• 原文格式：D

摘要

我国南方植烟土壤养分尤其是氮、钾的淋失严重,造成资源浪费和潜在环境威胁,并制约了烟叶的可持续生产。生物炭因有比表面积大、孔隙多、稳定性强等特点,故施入土壤后可能增加养分的吸附,从而延长肥效和减少养分损失。然而,关于生物炭在植烟土壤上的应用研究报导较少。本文基于土柱淋洗模拟试验,研究了添加不同水平生物炭对植烟土壤硝态氮、磷、钾养分淋失的影响,以期为生物炭在改良植烟土壤方面的应用提供理论依据。试验设5个处理,包括对照(CK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥+10%生物炭(NPK+10%B)、氮磷钾肥+20%生物炭(NPK+20%B)、氮磷钾肥+40%生物炭(NPK+40%B)。研究结果显示:较NPK处理相比,添加生物炭处理在培养21天之后减少了硝态氮淋失量,在整个培养期间延缓和减少了磷的淋失量;从淋失总量看,NPK+10%B、NPK+20%B和NPK+40%B处理比NPK处理硝态氮淋失总量分别显著降低13%、18%和25%,磷淋失总量分别显著降低46%、61%和73%。整个培养期间,与NPK处理相比,NPK+10%B、NPK+20%B处理的钾淋洗量略高,但未达显著水平,而NPK+40%B处理的钾淋洗量则显著高于前三个处理,其淋洗总量比NPK处理高47%。本研究表明,施用生物炭能够有效减少植烟土壤硝态氮和磷的淋溶损失,进而可能节约肥料和提高养分利用效率,降低地下水环境风险,促进烟叶可持续优质生产,其施用量越高效果越好。
Leaching loss of soil nutrients especially of nitrogen and potassium is generally serious in tobacco cropping region of southern China. This leads to fertilizer waste and potential environmental pollution, and greatly limits sustainable production of tobacco. Biochar addition to soil may increase adsorption of nutrients on soil, and thus delay fertilizer effects and reduce nutrient loss, because of large surface area, many pores and great stability of biochar. However, few reports are available on biochar application effects on tobacco soil. We investigated effects of biochar addition on tobacco soil nitrate(NO_3~--N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) leaching based on a soil column incubation experiment. The experiment included five treatments: CK: no fertilizer, biochar; NPK: N, P, K fertilizers; NPK+10%B: N, P, K fertilizers combined with biochar at 10% addition rate; NPK+20%B: N, P, K fertilizers combined with biochar at 20% addition rate; NPK+40%B: N, P, K fertilizers combined with biochar at 40% addition rate. Results showed that leached NO_3~--N mass after 21 days of the incubation and leached P across the incubation period were significantly lower under the NPK treatment than under the treatments with biochar. Compared to the NPK treatment, total mass of leached NO_3~--N was significantly decreased by 13%, 18% and 25%, and leached P by 46%, 61% and 73%, under the NPK+10%B, NPK+20%B and NPK+ 40%B treatments, respectively. Compared to the NPK treatment, leached K mass under the NPK+10%B, and NPK+20%B treatments were slightly higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. The leached K mass under the NPK+40%B treatment was significantly higher than those three treatments. The NPK+40%B treatment showed 47% higher totally leached K mass than the NPK treatment. Our data indicate that biochar application can effectively reduce soil NO_3~--N and P leaching losses, and thus can save fertilizers and increase nutrient use efficiencies, and also can reduce environmental pollution risk.

引文

[1]黄剑,张庆忠,杜章留,等.施用生物炭对农田生态系统影响的研究进展[J].中国农业气象,2012,33:232–239.
    [2]陈红霞,杜章留,郭伟.等.施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22:2930–2934.
    [3]郭伟,陈红霞,张庆忠.等.华北高产农田施用生物质炭对耕层土壤总氮和碱解氮含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20:425–428.
    [4]张万杰,张庆忠,李志芳.等.生物质炭和氮肥配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30:1946–1952.
    [5]Zhang Q,Wang Y,Wu Y.et al.Effect of biochar amendment on soil thermal conductivity,reflectance,and temperature.[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,77:1478–1487.
    [6]Novak K M,Busscher W J,Laild D L,et al.Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil[J].Soil Science,2009,174:105–112.
    [7]Laird D,Fleming P,Wang B,et al.Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158:436–442.
    [8]Singh B P,Hatton B J,Singh B,et al.Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2010,39:1224–1235.
    [9]Liang B,Lehmann J,Solomon D,et al.Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,70:1719–1730.
    [10]吕家珑,Fortune S,Brookes P C.土壤磷淋溶状况及其Olsen磷“突变点”研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22:142–146.
    [11]于群英,李孝良,李粉茹.安徽省土壤无机磷组分状况及施肥对土壤磷素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20:57–62.
    [12]刘利花,杨淑英,吕家珑.等.长期不同施肥土壤中磷淋溶“阈值”研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31:123–126.
    [13]Vander Melen D T,Breeuwsma A,Bcers P C M.Agricultural nutrient losses to surface water in the Netherlands:Impact,Strategies,and perspective[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27:4–11.