磷酸二氢钾、膨润土、氢氧化钙联合固定土壤中Pb、Cd的研究
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摘要
本文探究了磷酸二氢钾、膨润土、氢氧化钙质量比为3:1:1的配方固定剂对重金属污染土壤中铅和镉的固定情况。在配方固定剂用量占土壤质量0、0.83%、1.66%、5.00%、8.33%时,测定了配方固定剂对土壤理化性质、土壤中二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)可提取的Pb、Cd浓度、Tessier连续提取法提取的土壤Pb、Cd的形态分布变化的影响以及通过小麦草的盆栽实验测定小麦草吸收的Pb、Cd量。实验结果表明,不同剂量配方固定剂的加入使DTPA对Pb、Cd提取量降低了6.8%-25.9%和16.0%-23.8%,小麦草吸收Pb、Cd的量分别降低了18.8%-25.5%和13.6%-68.0%。Tessier连续提取结果表明,生物有效态(可交换态、部分的碳酸盐结合态、部分的铁锰氧化物结合态和部分的有机结合态)的Pb主要从可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态向残渣态转移;有效态Cd主要从可交换态和碳酸盐结合态向铁锰氧化物结合态转移。
引文
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[3]Chen Y.,Wang J.,Gao W.,Sun J.,Xu Y.Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in soils from Baoshan District,Shanghai:a heavily industrialized area in China,Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(8):2331-2343.
[4]Martinez C.E.,Motto H.L.Solubility of lead,zinc and copper added to mineral soils.Environmental Pollution,2000,107(1):153-158.
[5]罗琼,王昆,许靖波,陈光辉.我国稻田镉污染现状·危害·来源及其生产措施[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(30):10540-10542.
[6]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.
[7]Bolana N.,Kunhikrishnanc A.,Thangarajana R.,Kumpiened J.,Parke J.,Makinof T.,Kirkhamg M.B.,Scheckelh K.Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils-To mobilize or to immobilize?Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,266:141-166.
[8]Li Y.,Hu P.,Zhao J.,Dong C.Remediation of cadmium-and lead-contaminated agricultural soil by composite washing with chlorides and citric acid.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(7):5563-5571.
[9]Rosestolatoa D.,Bagatinb R.,Ferroa S.Electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals(mercury in particular).Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,264:16-23.
[10]Zhan Q.,Qian C.,Wang M.In situ Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil Using Microbial Agents and Planting Experiments.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2015,24(3):1395-1400.
[11]Ashrafi M.,Mohamad S.,Yusoff I.,Hamid F.S.Immobilization of Pb,Cd,and Zn in a contaminated soil using eggshell and banana stem amendments:metal leachability and a sequential extraction study.Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(1):223-230.
[12]Mahar A.,Wang P.,Li R.,Zhang Z.Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated soil using amendments:A Review.Pedosphere,2015,25(4):555-568.
[13]Rauret G.Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals in contaminated soil and sediment.Talanta,1998,46(3):449–455.
[14]Ure A.M.Single extraction schemes for soil analysis and related applications.The Science of the Total Environment,1996,178(1-3):3-10.
[15]Huang M.,Feng H.,Shen D.,Li N.,Chen Y.,Shentu J.Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from Cement Pastes Using a Modified Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP).Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2016,96(3):354-360.
[16]Huynh T.,Zhang H.,Laidlaw W.,Singh B.,Baker A.Plant-induced changes in the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and biosolids assessed by DGT measurements.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(6):1131-1141.
[17]Tessier A.,Campbell P.G.C.,Bisson M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals.Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[18]Pardo T.,Clemente R.,Alvarenga P.,Bernal M.P.Efficiency of soil organic and inorganic amendments on the remediation of a contaminated mine soil:II.Biological and ecotoxicological evaluation.Chemosphere,2014,107:101-108.
[19]Yuksel O..Influence of municipal solid waste compost application on heavy metal content in soil.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(6):1-7.
[20]Puga A.P.,Abreu C.A.,Melo L.C.A.,Beesley L.Biochar application to a contaminated soil reduces the availability and plant uptake of zinc,lead and cadmium.Journal of Environmental Management,2015,159:86-93.
[21]Kim S.U.,Owens V.,Kim Y.G.,Lee S.M.,Park2H.C.,Kim K.K.,Son H.J.,Hong C.O.Effect of Phosphate Addition on Cadmium Precipitation and Adsorption in Contaminated Arable Soil with a Low Concentration of Cadmium.Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,2015,95:675-679.
[22]Wang B.,Wang C.,Li J.,Sun H.,Xu Z..Remediation of alkaline soil with heavy metal contamination using tourmaline as a novel amendment。Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2014,2(3):1281-1286.
[23]Malandrino M.,Abollino O.,Buoso S.,Giacomino A.,Gioia C.L.,Mentasti E.Accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite.Chemosphere,2011,82(2):169-178.
[24]Sun Y.,Li Y.,Xu Y.,Liang X.,Wang L.In situ stabilization remediation of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite.Applied Clay Science,2015,105-106:200-206.
[25]Lombi E.,Zhao F.J.,Zhang G.,Sun B.,Fitza W.,Zhang H.,Mc Grath S.In situ fixation of metals in soils using bauxite residue:chemical assessment.Environmental Pollution,2002,118(3):435-443.
[26]Vondrá?kováS.,Hejcman M.,Tlusto?P.,SzákováJ.Effect of Quick Lime and Dolomite Application on Mobility of Elements(Cd,Zn,Pb,As,Fe,and Mn)in Contaminated Soils.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2013,22(2):577-589.
[27]Osborne L.,Baker L.,Strawn D.Lead Immobilization and Phosphorus Availability
[28]in Phosphate-Amended,Mine-Contaminated Soils.Journal of Environmental Quality,2015,44(1):183-190.
[29]Mahar A.,Wang P.,Li R.,Zhang Z.Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Soil Using Amendments:A Review.Pedosphere,2015,25(4):555-568.
[30]成杰民,赵从,解敏丽.两种有机物改性膨润土对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2012,28(2):126-134.
[31]Zeng F.,Ali S.,Zhang Y.,Qiu B.,Wu F.,Zhang G.The influence of p H and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants.Environmental Pollution,2011,159:84-91.
[32]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].中国农业出版社,2000,12.
[33]Yu H.L.,Si P.Shao W.,Qiao X.S.Yang X.J.,Gao D.T.,Wang Z.Q.Response of enzyme activities and microbial communities to soil amendment with sugar alcohols.Microbiologyopen,2016,5(4):604-615.
[34]Lim J.E.,Ahmad M.,Lee S.S.,Shope C.L.,Hashimoto Y.,Kim K.,Usman A.,Yang J.E.,Ok Y.C..Effects of Lime-Based Waste Materials on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Cadmium and Lead in Contaminated Soil.Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2013,41(12):1235-1241.
[35]祝玺.重金属污染土壤的化学稳定化修复研究[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2011.
[36]Abbaspour A.,Golchin A.Immobilization of heavy metals in a contaminated soil in Iran using di-ammonium phosphate,vermicompost and zeolite.Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,63(5):935-943.
[37]Matusik J.,Bajda T.,Manecki M.Immobilization of aqueous cadmium by addition of phosphates.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152:1332-1339.
[38]He M.,Shi H.,Zhao X.,Yu Y.,Qu B.Immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil using nanocrystallite hydroxyapatite.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:657-665.
[39]Argiri A.,Ioannou Z.,Dimirkou A.Impact of New Soil Amendments on the Uptake of Lead by Crops.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44(1-4):566-573.
[40]Wang B.,Xie Z.,Chen J.,Jiang J.,Su Q.Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead,zinc and cadmium by cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.)in a mining tailing contaminated soil.Journal of environmental sciences,2008,20(9):1109-1117.
[41]Shin W.,Kim Y.Stabilization of heavy metal contaminated marine sediments with red mud and apatite composite.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):726-735.
[42]Cao X.,Ma L.,Liang Y.,Gao B.,Harris W.Simultaneous Immobilization of Lead and Atrazine in Contaminated Soils Using Dairy-Manure Biochar.Environ.Sci.Technol.2011,45(11):4884-4889.
[43]Garau G.,Castaldi P.,Santona L.,Deiana P.,Melis P.Influence of red mud,zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization,culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil.Geoderma,2007,142:47-57.
[44]Sun Y.,Sun G.,Xu Y.,Liu W.,Liang X.,Wang L.Evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite,bentonite,and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmiumcontaminated soils.Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:204-210.
[2]Reena S.,Neetu G.,Anurag M.,Rajiv G.Heavy metals and living systems:An overview.Indian Journal of Pharmacology,2011,43(3):246-253.
[3]Chen Y.,Wang J.,Gao W.,Sun J.,Xu Y.Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in soils from Baoshan District,Shanghai:a heavily industrialized area in China,Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(8):2331-2343.
[4]Martinez C.E.,Motto H.L.Solubility of lead,zinc and copper added to mineral soils.Environmental Pollution,2000,107(1):153-158.
[5]罗琼,王昆,许靖波,陈光辉.我国稻田镉污染现状·危害·来源及其生产措施[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(30):10540-10542.
[6]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320.
[7]Bolana N.,Kunhikrishnanc A.,Thangarajana R.,Kumpiened J.,Parke J.,Makinof T.,Kirkhamg M.B.,Scheckelh K.Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils-To mobilize or to immobilize?Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,266:141-166.
[8]Li Y.,Hu P.,Zhao J.,Dong C.Remediation of cadmium-and lead-contaminated agricultural soil by composite washing with chlorides and citric acid.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(7):5563-5571.
[9]Rosestolatoa D.,Bagatinb R.,Ferroa S.Electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals(mercury in particular).Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,264:16-23.
[10]Zhan Q.,Qian C.,Wang M.In situ Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil Using Microbial Agents and Planting Experiments.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2015,24(3):1395-1400.
[11]Ashrafi M.,Mohamad S.,Yusoff I.,Hamid F.S.Immobilization of Pb,Cd,and Zn in a contaminated soil using eggshell and banana stem amendments:metal leachability and a sequential extraction study.Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(1):223-230.
[12]Mahar A.,Wang P.,Li R.,Zhang Z.Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated soil using amendments:A Review.Pedosphere,2015,25(4):555-568.
[13]Rauret G.Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals in contaminated soil and sediment.Talanta,1998,46(3):449–455.
[14]Ure A.M.Single extraction schemes for soil analysis and related applications.The Science of the Total Environment,1996,178(1-3):3-10.
[15]Huang M.,Feng H.,Shen D.,Li N.,Chen Y.,Shentu J.Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from Cement Pastes Using a Modified Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP).Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2016,96(3):354-360.
[16]Huynh T.,Zhang H.,Laidlaw W.,Singh B.,Baker A.Plant-induced changes in the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and biosolids assessed by DGT measurements.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(6):1131-1141.
[17]Tessier A.,Campbell P.G.C.,Bisson M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals.Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[18]Pardo T.,Clemente R.,Alvarenga P.,Bernal M.P.Efficiency of soil organic and inorganic amendments on the remediation of a contaminated mine soil:II.Biological and ecotoxicological evaluation.Chemosphere,2014,107:101-108.
[19]Yuksel O..Influence of municipal solid waste compost application on heavy metal content in soil.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(6):1-7.
[20]Puga A.P.,Abreu C.A.,Melo L.C.A.,Beesley L.Biochar application to a contaminated soil reduces the availability and plant uptake of zinc,lead and cadmium.Journal of Environmental Management,2015,159:86-93.
[21]Kim S.U.,Owens V.,Kim Y.G.,Lee S.M.,Park2H.C.,Kim K.K.,Son H.J.,Hong C.O.Effect of Phosphate Addition on Cadmium Precipitation and Adsorption in Contaminated Arable Soil with a Low Concentration of Cadmium.Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,2015,95:675-679.
[22]Wang B.,Wang C.,Li J.,Sun H.,Xu Z..Remediation of alkaline soil with heavy metal contamination using tourmaline as a novel amendment。Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2014,2(3):1281-1286.
[23]Malandrino M.,Abollino O.,Buoso S.,Giacomino A.,Gioia C.L.,Mentasti E.Accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite.Chemosphere,2011,82(2):169-178.
[24]Sun Y.,Li Y.,Xu Y.,Liang X.,Wang L.In situ stabilization remediation of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)co-contaminated paddy soil using bentonite.Applied Clay Science,2015,105-106:200-206.
[25]Lombi E.,Zhao F.J.,Zhang G.,Sun B.,Fitza W.,Zhang H.,Mc Grath S.In situ fixation of metals in soils using bauxite residue:chemical assessment.Environmental Pollution,2002,118(3):435-443.
[26]Vondrá?kováS.,Hejcman M.,Tlusto?P.,SzákováJ.Effect of Quick Lime and Dolomite Application on Mobility of Elements(Cd,Zn,Pb,As,Fe,and Mn)in Contaminated Soils.Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2013,22(2):577-589.
[27]Osborne L.,Baker L.,Strawn D.Lead Immobilization and Phosphorus Availability
[28]in Phosphate-Amended,Mine-Contaminated Soils.Journal of Environmental Quality,2015,44(1):183-190.
[29]Mahar A.,Wang P.,Li R.,Zhang Z.Immobilization of Lead and Cadmium in Contaminated Soil Using Amendments:A Review.Pedosphere,2015,25(4):555-568.
[30]成杰民,赵从,解敏丽.两种有机物改性膨润土对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附-解吸研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2012,28(2):126-134.
[31]Zeng F.,Ali S.,Zhang Y.,Qiu B.,Wu F.,Zhang G.The influence of p H and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants.Environmental Pollution,2011,159:84-91.
[32]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].中国农业出版社,2000,12.
[33]Yu H.L.,Si P.Shao W.,Qiao X.S.Yang X.J.,Gao D.T.,Wang Z.Q.Response of enzyme activities and microbial communities to soil amendment with sugar alcohols.Microbiologyopen,2016,5(4):604-615.
[34]Lim J.E.,Ahmad M.,Lee S.S.,Shope C.L.,Hashimoto Y.,Kim K.,Usman A.,Yang J.E.,Ok Y.C..Effects of Lime-Based Waste Materials on Immobilization and Phytoavailability of Cadmium and Lead in Contaminated Soil.Clean-Soil,Air,Water,2013,41(12):1235-1241.
[35]祝玺.重金属污染土壤的化学稳定化修复研究[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2011.
[36]Abbaspour A.,Golchin A.Immobilization of heavy metals in a contaminated soil in Iran using di-ammonium phosphate,vermicompost and zeolite.Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,63(5):935-943.
[37]Matusik J.,Bajda T.,Manecki M.Immobilization of aqueous cadmium by addition of phosphates.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152:1332-1339.
[38]He M.,Shi H.,Zhao X.,Yu Y.,Qu B.Immobilization of Pb and Cd in contaminated soil using nanocrystallite hydroxyapatite.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:657-665.
[39]Argiri A.,Ioannou Z.,Dimirkou A.Impact of New Soil Amendments on the Uptake of Lead by Crops.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2013,44(1-4):566-573.
[40]Wang B.,Xie Z.,Chen J.,Jiang J.,Su Q.Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead,zinc and cadmium by cabbage(Brassica chinensis L.)in a mining tailing contaminated soil.Journal of environmental sciences,2008,20(9):1109-1117.
[41]Shin W.,Kim Y.Stabilization of heavy metal contaminated marine sediments with red mud and apatite composite.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):726-735.
[42]Cao X.,Ma L.,Liang Y.,Gao B.,Harris W.Simultaneous Immobilization of Lead and Atrazine in Contaminated Soils Using Dairy-Manure Biochar.Environ.Sci.Technol.2011,45(11):4884-4889.
[43]Garau G.,Castaldi P.,Santona L.,Deiana P.,Melis P.Influence of red mud,zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization,culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil.Geoderma,2007,142:47-57.
[44]Sun Y.,Sun G.,Xu Y.,Liu W.,Liang X.,Wang L.Evaluation of the effectiveness of sepiolite,bentonite,and phosphate amendments on the stabilization remediation of cadmiumcontaminated soils.Journal of Environmental Management,2016,166:204-210.