周恩来:人民代表大会制度的探索者、奠基者、践行者
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摘要
周恩来在大革命时期主政东江和在上海领导第三次武装起义胜利后,召开过具有人民代表大会性质的东江各属行政会议和上海市民代表大会,这是中共领袖人物关于人民代表大会制度的最早探索。1931年中华苏维埃共和国成立和1949年新中国成立前夕,周恩来主持起草中华苏维埃共和国《宪法大纲》和政治协商会议《共同纲领》(具有临时宪法性质),成为人民代表大会制度的设计者和理论奠基者。20世纪50年代后,党的政治生活不健康倾向日趋严重,周恩来采取马克思主义的正确态度,以告诫、旁敲侧击和不同形式的抵制,对党的政治生活中的不良倾向提出批评。"文革"中他在极艰难的情况下,同"四人帮"作殊死斗争,特别是1974年为四届人大的人事安排和保护邓小平等老干部,抱病赴长沙。四届人大会议上,坚持作完《政府工作报告》,为人民代表大会史留下辉煌的篇章。
During the Great Revolution,after the victory of the third armed uprising led by Zhou Enlai in the region of Dongjiang and Shanghai,he held the administrative meetings in Dongjiang and the citizen representative meeting in Shanghai,which were endowed with the nature of People's representative meetings. This is the first explore about the system of People's Congress done by the leaders of Chinese Communist party. When Chinese Soviet Republic founded in 1931 and the eve of the founding of new China in 1949,Zhou Enlai presided over the drafting of the Outlines of Constitution of Chinese Soviet Republic and Common Programme of the Political Consultative Conference( with the nature of the Constitution). He became the designer and the founder of theory of People's Congress. After the 50 s of last century,the political life of the party was unhealthy and the tendency became more and more serious. Zhou Enlai tool correct attitude of Marx doctrine. He criticized the party's leadership,democratic centralism,patriarchy and other adverse tendencies. He struggled with Gang of Four desperately when he was in a very difficult situation in the Cultural Revolution. Especially in 1974,he arranged things for the four session of the People's Congress and protected many old cadres like Deng Xiaoping. Although he was ill,he went to Changsha. At the four session of the People's Congress,he insisted on finishing his last " government work report",leaving a brilliant chapter for the history of NPC. He made his brilliant image of NPC at last.
During the Great Revolution,after the victory of the third armed uprising led by Zhou Enlai in the region of Dongjiang and Shanghai,he held the administrative meetings in Dongjiang and the citizen representative meeting in Shanghai,which were endowed with the nature of People's representative meetings. This is the first explore about the system of People's Congress done by the leaders of Chinese Communist party. When Chinese Soviet Republic founded in 1931 and the eve of the founding of new China in 1949,Zhou Enlai presided over the drafting of the Outlines of Constitution of Chinese Soviet Republic and Common Programme of the Political Consultative Conference( with the nature of the Constitution). He became the designer and the founder of theory of People's Congress. After the 50 s of last century,the political life of the party was unhealthy and the tendency became more and more serious. Zhou Enlai tool correct attitude of Marx doctrine. He criticized the party's leadership,democratic centralism,patriarchy and other adverse tendencies. He struggled with Gang of Four desperately when he was in a very difficult situation in the Cultural Revolution. Especially in 1974,he arranged things for the four session of the People's Congress and protected many old cadres like Deng Xiaoping. Although he was ill,he went to Changsha. At the four session of the People's Congress,he insisted on finishing his last " government work report",leaving a brilliant chapter for the history of NPC. He made his brilliant image of NPC at last.
引文
[1]金冲及.周恩来传[M].北京:中央文献出版社,1998.
[2]东江各属行政委员公署组织大纲[N].岭东民国日报,1926-02-04.
[3]刘诚,费迅.周恩来与新中国政治文明建设[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2008.
[4]张亚青,季修平,等.周恩来法治思想研究[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2014.
[5]周恩来选集:下[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.
[6]胡长明.毛泽东与周恩来[M].北京:中共党史出版社,2005.
[7]毛泽东选集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1977:456-457.
[8]汪浩,韩同友.周恩来与中共第一代领导集体[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:308.
[9]周恩来统一战线文选[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.
[2]东江各属行政委员公署组织大纲[N].岭东民国日报,1926-02-04.
[3]刘诚,费迅.周恩来与新中国政治文明建设[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2008.
[4]张亚青,季修平,等.周恩来法治思想研究[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2014.
[5]周恩来选集:下[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.
[6]胡长明.毛泽东与周恩来[M].北京:中共党史出版社,2005.
[7]毛泽东选集:第5卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1977:456-457.
[8]汪浩,韩同友.周恩来与中共第一代领导集体[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:308.
[9]周恩来统一战线文选[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.