2017年龙岩市新罗区水泥行业噪声作业人员健康状况
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摘要
目的了解水泥行业噪声作业人员职业健康现状,为新罗区水泥行业噪声作业人员的职业性噪声聋防治提供依据。方法利用新罗区疾病预防控制中心2017年水泥行业在岗期间696名噪声作业人员职业健康检查资料,用SPSS 25.0统计软件对听力损伤和禁忌证进行统计分析。结果水泥行业噪声作业人员听力损伤检出率为12.2%、禁忌证检出率为10.1%,不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、接噪工龄、工种及是否佩戴降噪耳塞的噪声作业人员听力损伤差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同企业规模、经济类型、有无耳部病史员工噪声职业禁忌证检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论年龄40岁及以上、初中及以下文化程度、结过婚人士、接噪工龄3年以上噪声作业人员是新罗区水泥行业预防职业性噪声聋的重点人群,矿山转运、原料巡检、机械维修、回转窑巡检、水泥磨巡检、破碎、钻孔、煤磨巡检岗位是水泥行业预防职业性噪声聋的关键控制点。新罗区水泥行业的噪声作业上岗前职业健康检查工作有待加强,尤其是小微民营企业。
[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of noise workers in cement industry,and provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational noise deafness among noise workers in Xinluo district. [Methods] Using the occupational health examination data of 696 noise workers in cement industry in 2017 selected by Xinluo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the hearing loss and occupational contraindication were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 statistical software. [Results] The detection rate of hearing loss among noise workers in cement industry was 12.2% and occupational contraindication was 10.1%. There were statistically significant differences in the hearing loss among noise workers of different ages,educational level,marital status,length of service,type of work and whether or not wearing noise-reducing ear plugs(P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occupational contraindications among noise workers with different enterprise sizes,economic type and whether there was any ear history(P<0.05).[Conclusion] Noise workers aged 40 and above,with junior high school and below,married and with more than 3 years of service in noise are the key groups in the cement industry in Xinluo district to prevent occupational noise deafness. Mining transshipment,material inspection,mechanical maintenance,rotary kiln inspection,cement grinding inspection,crushing,drilling and coal grinding inspection posts are the key control points for preventing occupational noise deafness in cement industry. The work of occupational health examination of noise work in cement industry in Xinluo district needs to be strengthened,especially in small and micro private enterprises.
[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of noise workers in cement industry,and provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational noise deafness among noise workers in Xinluo district. [Methods] Using the occupational health examination data of 696 noise workers in cement industry in 2017 selected by Xinluo District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the hearing loss and occupational contraindication were analyzed by SPSS 25.0 statistical software. [Results] The detection rate of hearing loss among noise workers in cement industry was 12.2% and occupational contraindication was 10.1%. There were statistically significant differences in the hearing loss among noise workers of different ages,educational level,marital status,length of service,type of work and whether or not wearing noise-reducing ear plugs(P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occupational contraindications among noise workers with different enterprise sizes,economic type and whether there was any ear history(P<0.05).[Conclusion] Noise workers aged 40 and above,with junior high school and below,married and with more than 3 years of service in noise are the key groups in the cement industry in Xinluo district to prevent occupational noise deafness. Mining transshipment,material inspection,mechanical maintenance,rotary kiln inspection,cement grinding inspection,crushing,drilling and coal grinding inspection posts are the key control points for preventing occupational noise deafness in cement industry. The work of occupational health examination of noise work in cement industry in Xinluo district needs to be strengthened,especially in small and micro private enterprises.
引文
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[9]罗丽,刘勇,徐昇,等.2015年德阳市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(58):58-60.
[10]顾芸,孙彦玲,谢峰,等.宁夏71家企业8 325名噪声作业人员双耳高频平均听阈分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(1):3872-3874.
[11]邱毅,杨超敏,陈小红,等.广西现代水泥企业职业性噪声接触与听力损伤流行病学研究[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(1):69-72.
[12]岑永庄,邓燕君,刘新霞.噪声作业所致工人职业性听力损失风险回顾性队列研究[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(5):642-645.
[13]钟任扬,谢文才,陈青山.某水泥厂生产性噪声对工人健康影响调查分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2017,32(3):171-173.
[14]闫若玉,郑小红,王伟慧,等.噪声对作业工人窦性心率震荡的影响[J].中国工业医学杂志,2018,31(1):3-17.
[15]陈小霞,李举跃,苏益勋.电焊烟尘与噪声联合作用对作业工人听力损伤的调查[J].中国职业医学,2009,36(1):87-88.
[16]王艳羚.噪声与其他职业病危害因素的联合作用[J].职业与健康,2014,30(7):990-992.
[2]黎海红,江世强,王萍,等.新型干法旋窑水泥生产线职业危害调查[J].工业卫生与职业病,2011,37(1):26-28.
[3]国家卫生和计划生育委员会令第5号职业健康检查管理办法.(2015-04-20)[2018-05-31].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/fzs/s3576/201504/057ae9399d4c4b6f962469c706762b99.shtml.
[4]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:70-71.
[5]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业性噪声聋的诊断:GBZ 49-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:1-3.
[6]吴晔良,龚仁泰.临床心电图鉴别诊断[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999:90-157.
[7]邬堂春.职业卫生与职业医学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:217-220.
[8]谢德兴,温建斌,连理云.龙岩市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2017,16(1):75-76.
[9]罗丽,刘勇,徐昇,等.2015年德阳市噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2018,44(58):58-60.
[10]顾芸,孙彦玲,谢峰,等.宁夏71家企业8 325名噪声作业人员双耳高频平均听阈分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(1):3872-3874.
[11]邱毅,杨超敏,陈小红,等.广西现代水泥企业职业性噪声接触与听力损伤流行病学研究[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(1):69-72.
[12]岑永庄,邓燕君,刘新霞.噪声作业所致工人职业性听力损失风险回顾性队列研究[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(5):642-645.
[13]钟任扬,谢文才,陈青山.某水泥厂生产性噪声对工人健康影响调查分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2017,32(3):171-173.
[14]闫若玉,郑小红,王伟慧,等.噪声对作业工人窦性心率震荡的影响[J].中国工业医学杂志,2018,31(1):3-17.
[15]陈小霞,李举跃,苏益勋.电焊烟尘与噪声联合作用对作业工人听力损伤的调查[J].中国职业医学,2009,36(1):87-88.
[16]王艳羚.噪声与其他职业病危害因素的联合作用[J].职业与健康,2014,30(7):990-992.