Progress in recycling of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes
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摘要
Significant efforts have been put into the recycling of bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes around the world in the past decade because bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes are valuable secondary rare-earth resources.There are two major facts behind the efforts.First, the waste magnets contain total rare-earth content as high as more than 30 wt.%, which is higher than most natural rare-earth mines.Second, the waste magnets maintain the physical and chemical properties of the original magnets even with deterioration of the properties on surfaces due to corrosion and contamination.In this review,various techniques for recycling bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes, the overall properties of the recycled Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets, and the mass production of recycled magnets from the wastes are reviewed.
Significant efforts have been put into the recycling of bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes around the world in the past decade because bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes are valuable secondary rare-earth resources.There are two major facts behind the efforts.First, the waste magnets contain total rare-earth content as high as more than 30 wt.%, which is higher than most natural rare-earth mines.Second, the waste magnets maintain the physical and chemical properties of the original magnets even with deterioration of the properties on surfaces due to corrosion and contamination.In this review,various techniques for recycling bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes, the overall properties of the recycled Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets, and the mass production of recycled magnets from the wastes are reviewed.
Significant efforts have been put into the recycling of bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes around the world in the past decade because bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes are valuable secondary rare-earth resources.There are two major facts behind the efforts.First, the waste magnets contain total rare-earth content as high as more than 30 wt.%, which is higher than most natural rare-earth mines.Second, the waste magnets maintain the physical and chemical properties of the original magnets even with deterioration of the properties on surfaces due to corrosion and contamination.In this review,various techniques for recycling bulk Nd–Fe–B sintered magnet wastes, the overall properties of the recycled Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets, and the mass production of recycled magnets from the wastes are reviewed.
引文
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[2]Matsuura Y 2006 J.Magn.Magn.Mater.303 344
[3]Gutfleisch O, Willard M A, Brück E, Chen C H, Sankar S G and Liu J P 2011 Adv.Mater.23 821
[4]Luo Y 2009 J.Magn.Mater.Devices 40 1(in Chinese)
[5]Luo Y 2008 J.Magn.Mater.Devices 39 9(in Chinese)
[6]Hu B 2012 J.Magn.Mater.Devices 45 66(in Chinese)
[7]Stone R 2009 Science 325 1336
[8]Robert F 2010 Science 329 377
[9]Zhou B and Jia C 2008 Chin.Resour.Compr.Util.26 5(in Chinese)
[10]Minowa T 2008 Resour.Geol.58 414
[11]Rademaker J H, Kleijn R and Yang Y 2013 Environ.Sci.Technol.4710129
[12]Habib K and Wenzel H 2014 J.Clean.Prod.84 348
[13]Croat J J, Herbst J F, Lee R W and Pinkerton F E 1984 J.Appl.Phys.55 2078
[14]Zhang X J, McGuiness P J and Harris I R 1991 J.Appl.Phys.69 5838
[15]Mishra R K, Brewer E G and R W L E E 1988 J.Appl.Phys.63 3528
[16]Hu B P 2018 Proceedings of The 25t hInternational Workshop on RareEarth and Future Permanent Magnets and Their Applications p.104
[17]Binnemans K, Jones P T, Blanpain B, Van Gerven T, Yang Y, Walton A and Buchert M 2013 J.Clean.Prod.51 1
[18]Du X and Graedel T E 2011 J.Ind.Ecol.15 836
[19]Du X and Graedel T E 2013 Sci.Total Environ.461–462 781
[20]Zakotnik M, Harris I R and Williams A J 2009 J.Alloys Compd.469314
[21]Zakotnik M, Devlin E, Harris I R and Williams A J 2006 J.Iron Steel Res.Int.13 289
[22]Zakotnik M, Harris I R and Williams A J 2008 J.Alloys Compd.450525
[23]Zakotnik M and Tudor C O 2015 Waste Manage.44 48
[24]Sepehri-Amin H, Ohkubo T, Zaktonik M, Prosperi D, Afiuny P, Tudor C O and Hono K 2017 J.Alloys Compd.694 175
[25]Li C, Liu W Q, Yue M, Liu Y Q, Zhang D T and Zuo T Y 2014 IEEE Trans.Magn.50 2105403
[26]Zhang X, Liu F, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li Y, Zhao Q, Wang G and Li Z 2015 J.Magn.20 97
[27]Liu W Q, Li C, Zakotnik M, Yue M, Zhang D T and Huang X L 2015J.Rare Earths 33 846
[28]Yue M, Liu W Q, Zhang D T, Jian Z G, Cao A L and Zhang J X 2009Appl.Phys.Lett.94 092501
[29]Liu W Q, Sun H, Yi X F, Liu X C, Zhang D T, Yue M and Zhang J X2010 J.Alloy.Compd.501 67
[30]Nakamura H, HirotaK, Shimao M, Minowa T and Hoshima M 2005IEEE Trans.Magn.41 3844
[31]Ji W X, Liu W Q, Yue M, Zhang D T and Zhang J X 2015 Phys.B Condens.Matter.476 147
[32]Li C, Yue M, Liu W Q, Zuo T Y, Yi X F, Chen J W, Zhou Z and Wu Y2015 J.Mater.Cycles Waste Manag.17 547
[33]Li X T, Yue M, Zakotnik M, Liu W Q, Zhang D T and Zuo T Y 2015J.Rare Earths 33 736
[34]Li X T, Yue M, Liu W Q and Zhang D T 2015 IEEE Trans.Magn.512102503
[35]Mishima C, Hamada N, Mitarai H and Honkura Y 2001 IEEE Trans.Magn.37 2467
[36]Gutfleisch O, Güth K, Woodcock T G and Schultz L 2013 Adv.Energy Mater.3 151
[37]Itoh M, Masuda M, Suzuki S and Machida K 2004 J.Alloys Compd.374 393
[38]Li X T, Yue M, Liu W Q, Li X L, Yi X F, Huang X L, Zhang D T and Chen J W 2015 J.Alloys Compd.649 656
[39]Li X T, Liu W Q, Yue M, Li X L, Yi X F, Huang X L, Zhang D T and Chen J W 2017 J.Alloys Compd.699 713
[40]Li X T, Liu W Q, Yue M, Zhang D T, Lu Q M, Zhou S X and Kuang C J 2019 J.Mater.Sci.Tech., in review