基于最小炮检距道快速检测炮点偏移方法
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摘要
地震采集数据的质量是后续处理、解释的基础和保障,其影响因素较多,其中炮点位置偏移是重要一项。在地震数据现场采集过程中,由于地形及人员疏忽等原因,易导致炮点实际施工位置偏离当初设计,对后续动校正、同相叠加等产生不利影响,甚至造成连续产生废炮等现场施工事故。通过深入探讨最小炮检距道性质,提出一种实时检测炮点位置偏移及校正方法,通过对比由理论初至确定的与由实际初至、道集能量确定的最小炮检距道的一致性,快速检测、判定炮点位置是否偏移,并根据计算的偏移量,自动进行校正。实际应用结果表明,该方法能自动、快速监控炮点偏移,完全满足现今高效地震采集条件下现场实时监控采集质量的需求。
During the seismic acquisition,it is easy to lead to the shotpoint deviation due to rough terrain,staff negligence,and other reasons,which has an adverse impact on the accuracy of normal moveout corrections and stacking data,even causes continuously bad shot records.Based on the property of the nearest-offset trace(shortest first break time and highest energy),we propose a method for fast detection and correction of shotpoint deviation.In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy,only the seismic information of the nearestoffset trace is used.First,the nearest-offset trace is determined by the theory first break time and the real first break time,and the highest-energy trace is found.If they are the same trace,the shotpoint is normal,otherwise,the shotpoint is deviated.Finally the shotpoint deviation is automatically corrected with the calculated deviation.Field applications show that the proposed method can quickly detect shotpoint deviation and automatically correct it,which fully meets the requirement of real-time QC during the high-productivity seismic acquisition.
During the seismic acquisition,it is easy to lead to the shotpoint deviation due to rough terrain,staff negligence,and other reasons,which has an adverse impact on the accuracy of normal moveout corrections and stacking data,even causes continuously bad shot records.Based on the property of the nearest-offset trace(shortest first break time and highest energy),we propose a method for fast detection and correction of shotpoint deviation.In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy,only the seismic information of the nearestoffset trace is used.First,the nearest-offset trace is determined by the theory first break time and the real first break time,and the highest-energy trace is found.If they are the same trace,the shotpoint is normal,otherwise,the shotpoint is deviated.Finally the shotpoint deviation is automatically corrected with the calculated deviation.Field applications show that the proposed method can quickly detect shotpoint deviation and automatically correct it,which fully meets the requirement of real-time QC during the high-productivity seismic acquisition.
引文
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[17] 朱海伟,段文超,曹永生,等.粒子群算法炮点偏移校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):661-664.ZHU Haiwei,DUAN Wenchao,CAO Yongsheng,et al.Source point deviation correction based on particle swarm optimization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):661-664.
[18] 徐文瑞,涂伟,夏建军.一种基于Arcgis的野外地震勘探测量工序质量监控方法[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(7):4-6.XU Wenrui,TU Wei,XIA Jianjun.A field seismic exploration survey process quality control method based on Arcgis[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2016,32(7):4-6.
[19] 王辉,刘天放.炮点位置偏离对叠加的影响及其校正方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(5):49-52.WANG Hui,LIU Tianfang.Influence of shot position’s deviation on stacking and correcting me-thods[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2001,29(5):49-52.
[20] 徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国,等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.XU Yu,ZENG Weihui,SONG Jianguo,et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction explora-tion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):218-224.
[21] 王晓涛,谭佳,毛海波,等.强衰减条件下能量比法的修正及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):42-47.WANG Xiaotao,TAN Jia,MAO Haibo,et al.A modified energy ratio method in strong attenuation condition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):42-47.
[22] 徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀,等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究[J].物探与化探,2010,34(5):595-599.XU Yu,DUAN Weixing,XU Weixiu,et al.The improvement of automatic first break picking based on energy ratio[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595-599.
[2] 撒利明,张玮,张少华,等.中国石油“十二·五”物探技术重大进展及“十三·五”展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):404-419.SA Liming,ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Shaohua,et al.Geophysical technology major achievements at CNPC during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and lookout for the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):404-419.
[3] 张丽艳,李昂,于常青.低频可控震源“两宽一高”地震勘探的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1236-1245.ZHANG Liyan,LI Ang,YU Changqing.Application of broadband,wide-azimuth,and high-density 3D seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1236-1245.
[4] 胡兴豪.渤海海底电缆地震采集施工难点分析及对策[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(6):112-117.HU Xinghao.Challenges and measures in OBC seismic survey in Bohai Bay[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(6):112-117.
[5] 石双虎,邓志文,段英杰.高效地震勘探数据采集智能化质控技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊):7-11.SHI Shuanghu,DENG Zhiwen,DUAN Yingjie.Intelli gent quality control in high efficiency seismic data acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S):7-11.
[6] 张翊孟,郭善力,陈兴国.可控震源地震采集质量监控技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊):98-100.ZHANG Yimeng,GUO Shanli,CHEN Xingguo.QC technique of seismic acquisition by vibroseis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S):98-100.
[7] 赵虎,尹成,吴明生,等.双复杂地区地震采集方法研究[J].应用地球物理,2012,9(3):278-285.ZHAO Hu,YIN Cheng,WU Mingsheng,et al.Research on seismic survey design for doubly complex areas[J].Applied Geophysics,2012,9(3):278-285.
[8] 程元方,李素闪,张文栋,等.海底电缆资料处理关键技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):26-32.CHENG Yuanfang,LI Sushan,ZHANG Wendong,et al.Key techniques for OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):26-32.
[9] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009.
[10] 冷广升.地震数据采集质量控制方法研究与应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):67-76.LENG Guangsheng.Study on seismic data acquisition quality controlling method and its application[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(8):67-76.
[11] 许建明,徐海,蒋连斌.基于最小偏移距分选的地震数据采集质量监控新方法——以沙特Berri工区三维项目为例[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):203-208.XU Jianming,XU Hai,JIANG Lianbin.A new quality control method for seismic data acquisition based on sorting of minimum offset:take Berrt block of Saudi Arabia as an example[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):203-208.
[12] 柳兴刚,朱国铭,于世东.复杂山地三维地震勘探中的现场处理技术[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(3):41-44.LIU Xinggang,ZHU Guoming,YU Shidong.Field processing technique for 3D seismic prospecting in complex mountainous areas[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(3):41-44.
[13] 何加成,易寒婷,曾婷,等.线性动校正方法检测炮点偏离设计点的原理及应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(5):613-616.HE Jiacheng,YI Hanting,ZENG Ting,et al.The application and principle of detecting the deviated source with LMO[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2010,7(5):613-616.
[14] 赵忠华,丁吉丰.地震资料采集现场质量监控技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,(5):98-99.ZHAO Zhonghua,DING Jifeng.Quality control technique for seismic data acquisition[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2009,(5):98-99.
[15] 王民,朱伟强,王明星.炮点空间位置差异校正技术.海洋地质动态,2010,26(7):50-54.WANG Min,ZHU Weiqiang,WANG Mingxing.Spatial location of shot point difference emendation technique[J].Marine Geology Letters,2010,26(7):50-54.
[16] 蔡加铭,刘永红,曹孟起,等.兴隆台城区三维炮点偏移校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):200-203.CAI Jiaming,LIU Yonghong,CAO Mengqi,et al.Correction of 3D shot-points offsets in Xinglongtai urbandistrict.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):200-203.
[17] 朱海伟,段文超,曹永生,等.粒子群算法炮点偏移校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(4):661-664.ZHU Haiwei,DUAN Wenchao,CAO Yongsheng,et al.Source point deviation correction based on particle swarm optimization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(4):661-664.
[18] 徐文瑞,涂伟,夏建军.一种基于Arcgis的野外地震勘探测量工序质量监控方法[J].石油工业技术监督,2016,32(7):4-6.XU Wenrui,TU Wei,XIA Jianjun.A field seismic exploration survey process quality control method based on Arcgis[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2016,32(7):4-6.
[19] 王辉,刘天放.炮点位置偏离对叠加的影响及其校正方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(5):49-52.WANG Hui,LIU Tianfang.Influence of shot position’s deviation on stacking and correcting me-thods[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2001,29(5):49-52.
[20] 徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国,等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.XU Yu,ZENG Weihui,SONG Jianguo,et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction explora-tion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):218-224.
[21] 王晓涛,谭佳,毛海波,等.强衰减条件下能量比法的修正及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):42-47.WANG Xiaotao,TAN Jia,MAO Haibo,et al.A modified energy ratio method in strong attenuation condition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):42-47.
[22] 徐钰,段卫星,徐维秀,等.高精度初至自动拾取综合方法研究[J].物探与化探,2010,34(5):595-599.XU Yu,DUAN Weixing,XU Weixiu,et al.The improvement of automatic first break picking based on energy ratio[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,34(5):595-599.