盐碱土区农户有机肥施用认知与行为研究——基于山东省4县61村150个农户数据
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摘要
盐碱土区土地盐碱化程度高、生态环境脆弱,农户对有机肥施用技术的采纳与推广是该地区一项重要的环境友好型生产行为。通过对山东省4县61村150个典型农户的问卷调查,运用Logistic回归模型分析该地区农户有机肥施用的认知水平、行为结果与影响因素。结果表明:该地区农户对有机肥施用的认知水平较高,65.4%的农户表示愿意或者非常愿意增施有机肥,决策得分结果近似正态分布;但农户施用有机肥的行为水平较低,回归方程的常数值较大且为负值;其中,施用有机肥的依据、有机肥在总施肥量的占比这两个因素对有机肥施用行为的正向影响最强烈,并且在1%水平上统计显著;对盐碱地的认知因素负向影响最强烈,并且在1%水平上统计显著。今后应提升农民盐碱地改良的综合技术水平,并进行有机肥施用指导,制定有机肥补贴政策,推动有机肥的广泛应用。
The saline-alkali region has high land salinization and fragile ecological environment, so farmers' adoption and promotion of organic fertilizer technology is an important environment-friendly production behavior in this area. We collected questionnaires from 150 typical farmers in 61 villages of 4 counties in Shandong Province,and then analyzed the cognitive level, the behavioral results and influencing factors of organic fertilizer application among farmers in the Yellow River Delta by Logistic regression model. The results showed that the farmers' cognition level of organic fertilizer application was higher as 65.4% of them willing or very willing to apply organic fertilizer, and the result of decision score was similar to normal distribution. However, the farmers' applying behavior level was lower with a large and negative constant value in regression equation. Among the influencing factors, the basis of organic fertilizer application and the proportion of organic fertilizer in total fertilizer application had the strongest positive impact on the application behavior of organic fertilizer with the statistical significance at the level of 1%. The negative effect of saline-alkali land cognition was the strongest with the statistical significance at the level of 1%. In the future, it would be necessary to improve farmers' comprehensive technical level of saline-alkali land improvement, guide the application of organic fertilizer, formulate the policy of organic fertilizer subsidy, and promote the wide application of organic fertilizer.
The saline-alkali region has high land salinization and fragile ecological environment, so farmers' adoption and promotion of organic fertilizer technology is an important environment-friendly production behavior in this area. We collected questionnaires from 150 typical farmers in 61 villages of 4 counties in Shandong Province,and then analyzed the cognitive level, the behavioral results and influencing factors of organic fertilizer application among farmers in the Yellow River Delta by Logistic regression model. The results showed that the farmers' cognition level of organic fertilizer application was higher as 65.4% of them willing or very willing to apply organic fertilizer, and the result of decision score was similar to normal distribution. However, the farmers' applying behavior level was lower with a large and negative constant value in regression equation. Among the influencing factors, the basis of organic fertilizer application and the proportion of organic fertilizer in total fertilizer application had the strongest positive impact on the application behavior of organic fertilizer with the statistical significance at the level of 1%. The negative effect of saline-alkali land cognition was the strongest with the statistical significance at the level of 1%. In the future, it would be necessary to improve farmers' comprehensive technical level of saline-alkali land improvement, guide the application of organic fertilizer, formulate the policy of organic fertilizer subsidy, and promote the wide application of organic fertilizer.
引文
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[18] 刘艳,李金胜,王菊英,等.有机肥不同用量对黄河三角洲盐碱地杂交狼尾草产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(6):89-92.
[19] 茹敬贤.农户施肥行为及影响因素分析——以河南新乡县为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20] 徐慧.盐碱地产权安排的农户行为响应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.
[2] 陈利顶,马岩.农户经营行为及其对生态环境的影响[J].生态环境,2007(2):691-697.
[3] Sime J D.What is environmental psychology?Texts,content and context [J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1999 (2):191-206.
[4] 王晶晶.浙江省农户有机肥施用行为及其影响因素分析[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2016.
[5] 张利国.农户从事环境友好型农业生产行为研究——基于江西省278份农户问卷调查的实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2011(6):114-120.
[6] 向东梅,周洪文.现有农业环境政策对农户采用环境友好技术行为的影响分析[J].生态经济,2007(2):88-91.
[7] 储成兵,李平.农户环境友好型农业生产行为研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2013(3):89-93.
[8] 肖新成.农户对农业面源污染认知及其环境友好型生产行为的差异分析——以江西省袁河流域化肥施用为例[J].环境污染与防治,2015(9):104-109.
[9] 葛继红.江苏省农业面源污染及治理的经济学研究——以化肥污染与配方肥技术推广政策为例[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[10] 邓正华.环境友好型农业技术扩散中农户行为研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[11] 王娜.粮食主产区农户生态友好型生产行为研究与政策分析[D].无锡:江南大学,2016.
[12] 李旭霖,刘庆花,柳新伟,等.不同改良剂对滨海盐碱地的改良效果[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(2):219-224.
[13] 高亮,丁春明,王炳华,等.生物有机肥在盐碱地上的应用效果及其对玉米的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(1):47-50.
[14] 余世鹏,杨劲松,杨晓英.不同调控措施对黄淮海平原盐碱障碍农田作物及土壤质量动态的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):150-154.
[15] 王慧娟.辽宁盐碱地开发治理问题初探[J].农村经济,2016(12):142-144.
[16] 马奔,黄贤金,陈志刚,等.区域盐碱地改良技术的农户选择意愿及影响因素——基于江苏省滨海盐碱区133户农户的调查[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(2):202-210.
[17] 姚荣江,杨劲松.黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化特征及其剖面类型分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(11):106-112.
[18] 刘艳,李金胜,王菊英,等.有机肥不同用量对黄河三角洲盐碱地杂交狼尾草产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(6):89-92.
[19] 茹敬贤.农户施肥行为及影响因素分析——以河南新乡县为例[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[20] 徐慧.盐碱地产权安排的农户行为响应研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.