15℃SBBR短程硝化快速启动和稳定运行性能
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摘要
本文通过控制C/N研究了15℃序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)低氨氮污水短程硝化工艺的快速启动和稳定运行性能.结果表明,启动运行60个周期C/N为1. 5时成功快速启动短程硝化,C/N为0和3时快速启动失败;荧光原位杂交和激光共聚焦显微镜联用技术(FISH-CLSM)结果表明,生物膜载体在C/N为1. 5时成功富集氨氧化菌(AOB),C/N为0和3时,几乎没有AOB与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的存在;启动成功的短程硝化在运行过程中可以不加入碳源,但投加适量的碳源可提升硝化性能,对短程硝化的稳定运行更有利.本实验在高溶解氧(DO)(约9 mg·L~(-1))下成功启动短程硝化,稳定运行过程中平均DO维持为6. 5 mg·L~(-1)左右,成功将实现短程硝化的DO值从低浓度解离出来.反应器内充足甚至过量的NH_4~+-N可以有效抑制NOB的生长,保证短程硝化的稳定运行. 15℃工况下,全量亚硝化工艺更适合处理高氨氮负荷的污水,而半量亚硝化更适合降解低氨氮污水.
In this study,controlled C/N effects on fast start-up and stable performance of partial nitrification process at 15℃ in a Sequenced Batch Biofilm Reactor( SBBR) were investigated. The results showed that partial nitrification successfully fast initiated when C/N was 1. 5 but failed when C/N was 0/3 during 60 cycles. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscope( FISH-CLSM) results showed that ammonia oxidizing bacteria( AOB) was found as the dominant bacteria population when C/N was 1. 5. When C/N were 0/3,there were almost no existence of AOB and nitrite oxidative bacteria( NOB). Partial nitrification could be stably achieved without carbon source. However,the addition of an appropriate amount of carbon can effectively improve the nitrification performance,and it is better for the stable operation of partial nitrification. In this experiment,partial nitrification was successfully initiated at high dissolved oxygen( DO)( about 9 mg·L~(-1)) conditions. The average DO was maintained at about 6. 5 mg·L~(-1) during the stable operation,which successfully decoupled partial nitrification from low DO concentration. Excessive residual ammonium concentration in the reactors effectively repressed the growth of NOB and guaranteed the stable operation of partial nitrification. At 15℃,full nitritation was more suitable for sidestream wastewater,while mainstream wastewater was more suitable for partial nitritation.
In this study,controlled C/N effects on fast start-up and stable performance of partial nitrification process at 15℃ in a Sequenced Batch Biofilm Reactor( SBBR) were investigated. The results showed that partial nitrification successfully fast initiated when C/N was 1. 5 but failed when C/N was 0/3 during 60 cycles. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscope( FISH-CLSM) results showed that ammonia oxidizing bacteria( AOB) was found as the dominant bacteria population when C/N was 1. 5. When C/N were 0/3,there were almost no existence of AOB and nitrite oxidative bacteria( NOB). Partial nitrification could be stably achieved without carbon source. However,the addition of an appropriate amount of carbon can effectively improve the nitrification performance,and it is better for the stable operation of partial nitrification. In this experiment,partial nitrification was successfully initiated at high dissolved oxygen( DO)( about 9 mg·L~(-1)) conditions. The average DO was maintained at about 6. 5 mg·L~(-1) during the stable operation,which successfully decoupled partial nitrification from low DO concentration. Excessive residual ammonium concentration in the reactors effectively repressed the growth of NOB and guaranteed the stable operation of partial nitrification. At 15℃,full nitritation was more suitable for sidestream wastewater,while mainstream wastewater was more suitable for partial nitritation.
引文
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[11]赵志瑞,马斌,张树军,等.高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1448-1456.Zhao Z R,Ma B,Zhang S J,et al.Comparing microbial community of high ammonia wastewater and municipal sewage in a partial nitrification system[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1448-1456.
[12]傅金祥,王颖,孙铁珩,等.低温条件下SBR系统中短程硝化研究[J].水处理技术,2008,34(7):29-32.Fu J X,Wang Y,Sun T Y,et al.Study on shortcut nitrification in SBR system at low temperature[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2008,34(7):29-32.
[13]孙艺齐,卞伟,王盟,等.活性污泥法和生物膜法SBR工艺亚硝化启动和稳定运行性能对比[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5222-5228.Sun Y Q,Bian W,Wang M,et al.Comparison of start-up and stable performance of nitritation in activated sludge and biofilm processes in a SBR[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5222-5228.
[14]Isanta E,Reino C,Carrera J,et al.Stable partial nitritation for low-strength wastewater at low temperature in an aerobic granular reactor[J].Water Research,2015,80:149-158.
[15]Farabegoli G,Hellinga C,Heijnen J J,et al.Study on the use of NADH fluorescence measurements for monitoring wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2732-2738.
[16]赵青,卞伟,李军,等.DO/NH+4-N实现短程硝化过程中生物膜特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1278-1285.Zhao Q,Bian W,Li J,et al.Characteristics of biofilm during the transition process of complete nitrification and partial nitrification[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1278-1285.
[17]赵青,卞伟,李军,等.DO/NH+4-N调控实现MBBR工艺生活污水短程硝化[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4511-4517.Zhao Q,Bian W,Li J,et al.DO/NH+4-N control to achieve partial nitrification of municipal wastewater in MBBR process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(12):4511-4517.
[18]Bao R L,Yu S L,Shi W X,et al.Aerobic granules formation and nutrients removal characteristics in sequencing batch airlift reactor(SBAR)at low temperature[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2-3):1334-1340.
[19]Liu Y W,Peng L,Guo J H,et al.Evaluating the role of microbial internal storage turnover on nitrous oxide accumulation during denitrification[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15138.
[20]刘强.有机碳对硝化作用及其菌群结构的影响[D].成都:四川大学,2007.Liu Q.Effect of organic carbon on nitrification efficiency and community composition[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2007.
[21]付昆明,周厚田,苏雪莹,等.生物膜短程硝化系统的恢复及其转化为CANON工艺的过程[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1536-1543.Fu K M,Zhou H T,Su X Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification recovery and its transformation into CANON process in a biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1536-1543.
[22]Zheng Z M,Li Z B,Ma J,et al.The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,42:267-274.
[23]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.A2O工艺处理生活污水短程硝化反硝化的研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):625-632.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification and denitrification in A2O process treating domestic wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(5):625-632.
[24]彭永臻,孙洪伟,杨庆.短程硝化的生化机理及其动力学[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(5):817-824.Peng Y Z,Sun H W,Yang Q.The biochemical reaction mechanism and kinetics of partial nitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(5):817-824.
[25]Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al.The SHARONprocess:an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[26]Gu S B,Wang S Y,Yang Q,et al.Start up partial nitrification at low temperature with a real-time control strategy based on blower frequency and pH[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,112:34-41.
[27]Ciudad G,Rubilar O,Mu1oz P,et al.Partial nitrification of high ammonia concentration wastewater as a part of a shortcut biological nitrogen removal process[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(5):1715-1719.
[28]Laureni M,Fals P,Robin O,et al.Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox:long-term process stability and effluent quality at low temperatures[J].Water Research,2016,101:628-639.
[29]张功良,李冬,张肖静,等.低温低氨氮SBR短程硝化稳定性试验研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):610-616.Zhang G L,Li D,Zhang X J,et al.Stability for shortcut nitrification in SBR under low ammonia at low temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):610-616.
[2]Bian W,Li J,Hou A Y,et al.Rapidly startup of partial nitrification in sequencing batch reactor and microbiological analysis[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(44):21062-21070.
[3]苏东霞,李冬,张肖静,等.不同曝气方式SBR短程硝化试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,45(6):2120-2129.Su D X,Li D,Zhang X J,et al.Study on partial nitrification with different aeration modes in sequencing batch reactor[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2014,45(6):2120-2129.
[4]尚会来,彭永臻,张静蓉,等.温度对短程硝化反硝化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):516-520.Shang H L,Peng Y Z,Zhang J R,et al.The effect of temperature on short-cut nitrification and denitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):516-520.
[5]李芸,熊向阳,李军,等.膜生物反应器处理晚期垃圾渗滤液亚硝化性能及其抑制动力学分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(2):419-427.Li Y,Xiong X Y,Li J,et al.Performance of nitritation process in membrane bioreactor for old landfill leachate and analysis of inhibition kinetics[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(2):419-427.
[6]陈翰,马放,李昂,等.低温条件下污水生物脱氮处理研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(8):37-43.Chen H,Ma F,Li A,et al.Research progress in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater under low temperature condition[J].China Water&Wastewater,2016,32(8):37-43.
[7]Rathnayake R M L D,Oshiki M,Ishii S,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen and pH on nitrous oxide production rates in autotrophic partial nitrification granules[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,197:15-22.
[8]Zekker I,Rikmann E,Tenno T,et al.Modification of nitrifying biofilm into nitritating one by combination of increased free ammonia concentrations,lowered HRT and dissolved oxygen concentration[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences(China),2011,23(7):1113-1121.
[9]Park S,Bae W,Rittmann B E.Operational boundaries for nitrite accumulation in nitrification based on minimum/maximum substrate concentrations that include effects of oxygen limitation,pH,and free ammonia and free nitrous acid inhibition[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(1):335-342.
[10]GaniguéR,Volcke E I P,Puig S,et al.Systematic model development for partial nitrification of landfill leachate in a SBR[J].Water Science&Technology,2010,61(9):2199-2210.
[11]赵志瑞,马斌,张树军,等.高氨氮废水与城市生活污水短程硝化系统菌群比较[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1448-1456.Zhao Z R,Ma B,Zhang S J,et al.Comparing microbial community of high ammonia wastewater and municipal sewage in a partial nitrification system[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(4):1448-1456.
[12]傅金祥,王颖,孙铁珩,等.低温条件下SBR系统中短程硝化研究[J].水处理技术,2008,34(7):29-32.Fu J X,Wang Y,Sun T Y,et al.Study on shortcut nitrification in SBR system at low temperature[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2008,34(7):29-32.
[13]孙艺齐,卞伟,王盟,等.活性污泥法和生物膜法SBR工艺亚硝化启动和稳定运行性能对比[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5222-5228.Sun Y Q,Bian W,Wang M,et al.Comparison of start-up and stable performance of nitritation in activated sludge and biofilm processes in a SBR[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5222-5228.
[14]Isanta E,Reino C,Carrera J,et al.Stable partial nitritation for low-strength wastewater at low temperature in an aerobic granular reactor[J].Water Research,2015,80:149-158.
[15]Farabegoli G,Hellinga C,Heijnen J J,et al.Study on the use of NADH fluorescence measurements for monitoring wastewater treatment systems[J].Water Research,2003,37(11):2732-2738.
[16]赵青,卞伟,李军,等.DO/NH+4-N实现短程硝化过程中生物膜特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1278-1285.Zhao Q,Bian W,Li J,et al.Characteristics of biofilm during the transition process of complete nitrification and partial nitrification[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1278-1285.
[17]赵青,卞伟,李军,等.DO/NH+4-N调控实现MBBR工艺生活污水短程硝化[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4511-4517.Zhao Q,Bian W,Li J,et al.DO/NH+4-N control to achieve partial nitrification of municipal wastewater in MBBR process[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(12):4511-4517.
[18]Bao R L,Yu S L,Shi W X,et al.Aerobic granules formation and nutrients removal characteristics in sequencing batch airlift reactor(SBAR)at low temperature[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2-3):1334-1340.
[19]Liu Y W,Peng L,Guo J H,et al.Evaluating the role of microbial internal storage turnover on nitrous oxide accumulation during denitrification[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:15138.
[20]刘强.有机碳对硝化作用及其菌群结构的影响[D].成都:四川大学,2007.Liu Q.Effect of organic carbon on nitrification efficiency and community composition[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2007.
[21]付昆明,周厚田,苏雪莹,等.生物膜短程硝化系统的恢复及其转化为CANON工艺的过程[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1536-1543.Fu K M,Zhou H T,Su X Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification recovery and its transformation into CANON process in a biofilm reactor[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1536-1543.
[22]Zheng Z M,Li Z B,Ma J,et al.The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,42:267-274.
[23]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.A2O工艺处理生活污水短程硝化反硝化的研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):625-632.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification and denitrification in A2O process treating domestic wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(5):625-632.
[24]彭永臻,孙洪伟,杨庆.短程硝化的生化机理及其动力学[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(5):817-824.Peng Y Z,Sun H W,Yang Q.The biochemical reaction mechanism and kinetics of partial nitrification[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(5):817-824.
[25]Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al.The SHARONprocess:an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[26]Gu S B,Wang S Y,Yang Q,et al.Start up partial nitrification at low temperature with a real-time control strategy based on blower frequency and pH[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,112:34-41.
[27]Ciudad G,Rubilar O,Mu1oz P,et al.Partial nitrification of high ammonia concentration wastewater as a part of a shortcut biological nitrogen removal process[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(5):1715-1719.
[28]Laureni M,Fals P,Robin O,et al.Mainstream partial nitritation and anammox:long-term process stability and effluent quality at low temperatures[J].Water Research,2016,101:628-639.
[29]张功良,李冬,张肖静,等.低温低氨氮SBR短程硝化稳定性试验研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):610-616.Zhang G L,Li D,Zhang X J,et al.Stability for shortcut nitrification in SBR under low ammonia at low temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):610-616.