刨削式吸能结构用45号钢高应变率高温力学行为与本构模型研究
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摘要
为研究刨削式吸能结构用45号钢在不同应变率和不同温度下的力学行为,对该材料进行实验与本构模型研究。开展在不同应变率下(10-4 s-1～1 500 s-1)和不同温度下(300～600℃)的拉伸实验。研究结果表明:刨削式吸能结构用45号钢为应变率敏感型材料。随着应变率的提高,材料屈服强度和极限强度有着明显提高,而温度升高则会使材料软化降低材料强度。基于实验结果,建立Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型来描述材料流变应力与应变率和温度之间的关系,并对温度软化参数进行线性修正,对率敏感性参数进行了二元二次回归修正。误差分析表明修正后的J-C本构模型在预测不同应变率下材料的力学特性时有更高的精确度。
In order to study the dynamic behavior of the 45 steel used in planning energy-absorbing structure under different strain rates at different temperature, this paper investigated the material by means of experiments and modeling. A series of tensile tests were conducted under different strain rates(10-4 s-1 to 1 500 s-1) and different temperature(300～600 ℃). The experimental results show that the material is rate-sensitive. The yield strength and ultimate strength increase with the increase of strain rate and decrease with the increase of temperature because of heat softening effect. Based on the experimental results, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model was proposed to depict dependence of flow stress on strain rate and temperature. In addition, the model was modified by modifying heat softening parameter and rate-sensitive parameter using linear and binary quadratic regression methods, respectively. Error analysis for the original and modified J-C model indicates that the model has high accuracy in predicting the flow stress at different strain rates.
In order to study the dynamic behavior of the 45 steel used in planning energy-absorbing structure under different strain rates at different temperature, this paper investigated the material by means of experiments and modeling. A series of tensile tests were conducted under different strain rates(10-4 s-1 to 1 500 s-1) and different temperature(300～600 ℃). The experimental results show that the material is rate-sensitive. The yield strength and ultimate strength increase with the increase of strain rate and decrease with the increase of temperature because of heat softening effect. Based on the experimental results, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model was proposed to depict dependence of flow stress on strain rate and temperature. In addition, the model was modified by modifying heat softening parameter and rate-sensitive parameter using linear and binary quadratic regression methods, respectively. Error analysis for the original and modified J-C model indicates that the model has high accuracy in predicting the flow stress at different strain rates.
引文
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[2]常宁,刘国伟.轨道车辆切削式吸能过程仿真[J].中南大学学报(然科学版),2010,41(6):2444-2450.CHANG Ning,LIU Guowei.Simulation for energyabsorbing process of railway vehicle in metal-cutting way[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(6):2444-2450.
[3]雷成,肖守讷,罗世辉.轨道车辆切削式吸能装置吸能特性研究[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(2):263-267.LEI Cheng,XIAO Shoune,LUO Shihui.Research on energy absorption characteristics of rail vehicle energyabsorbing component in cutting way[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(2):263-267.
[4]岳伟玲,王喜顺,罗昌杰,等.圆孔拉刀式吸能器吸能特性的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(7):27-30.YUE Weiling,WANG Xishun,LUO Changjie,et al.Round broaching energy absorption characteristics of energy-absorbing device[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2014(7):27-30.
[5]董茹玲.切削式吸能撞击实验系统设计及切削吸能特性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.DONG Ruling.Design of the cutting energy-absorbing impact test system and research on the energy absorption characteristics of cutting energy-absorbing[D].Changsha:Central South University,2014.
[6]QIN J,CHEN R,WEN X,et al.Mechanical behaviour of dual-phase high-strength steel under high strain rate tensile loading[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2013,586:62-70.
[7]HU D Y,MENG K P,JIANG H L,et al.Strain rate dependent constitutive behavior investigation of AerMet100 steel[J].Materials&Design,2015(87):759-772.
[8]Singh N K,Cadoni E,Singha M K,et al.Dynamic tensile behavior of multi-phase high yield strength steel[J].Materials&Design,2011,32(10):5091-5098.
[9]Akbari Z,Mirzadeh H,Cabrera J M.A simple constitutive model for predicting flow stress of medium carbon microalloyed steel during hot deformation[J].Materials&Design,2015(77):126-131.
[10]李国和,王敏杰.淬硬45钢在高温,高应变率下的动态力学性能及本构关系[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(4):433-438.LI Guohe,WANG Minjie.Dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive relationship of hardened steel(45HRC)under high temperature and high strain rate[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,2010,30(4):433-438.
[11]林莉,支旭东,范锋,等.Q235B钢Johnson-Cook模型参数的确定[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(9):153-158.LIN Li,ZHI Xudong,FAN Feng,et al.Determination of parameters of Johnson-Cook models of Q235B steel[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(9):153-158.
[12]Singh N K,Cadoni E,Singha M K,et al.Quasi-static and dynamic tensile behavior of CP800 steel[J].Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures,2014,21(7):531-537.
[13]Cowper G R,Symonds P S.Strain-hardening and strain-rate effects in the impact loading of cantilever beams[R].Brown Univ Providence Ri,1957.
[14]Johnson G R,Cook W H.Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains,strain rates,temperatures and pressures[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1985,21(1):31-48.
[15]Gurson A L.Continuum theory of ductile rupture by void nucleation and growth:Part I-yield criteria and flow rules for porous ductile media[J].Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,1977,99(1):2-15.
[16]Zerilli F J,Armstrong R W.Dislocation-mechanics-based constitutive relations for material dynamics calculations[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1987,61(5):1816-1825.
[17]Umbrello D,M’saoubi R,Outeiro J C.The influence of Johnson-Cook material constants on finite element simulation of machining of AISI 316L steel[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2007,47(3):462-470.
[18]LIN Y C,CHEN X M,LIU G.A modified Johnson-Cook model for tensile behaviors of typical high-strength alloy steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2010,527(26):6980-6986.
[19]HE A,XIE G,ZHANG H,et al.A comparative study on Johnson-Cook,modified Johnson-Cook and Arrheniustype constitutive models to predict the high temperature flow stress in 20CrMo alloy steel[J].Materials&Design,2013(52):677-685.
[20]Bobbili R,Paman A,Madhu V.High strain rate tensile behavior of Al-4.8Cu-1.2Mg alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2016(651):753-762.
[21]B?rvik T,Hopperstad O S,Dey S,et al.Strength and ductility of weldox 460E steel at high strain rates,elevated temperatures and various stress triaxialities[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2005,72(7):1071-1087.
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