Comprehensive Assessment of Urbanization Coordination:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province, China
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摘要
In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km~2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km~2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m~2, with the maximum value of 343 m~2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m~2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.
In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km~2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km~2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m~2, with the maximum value of 343 m~2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m~2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.
In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km~2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km~2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m~2, with the maximum value of 343 m~2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m~2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.
引文
Ameen R F M,Mourshed M,Li H J,2015.A critical review of environmental assessment tools for sustainable urban design.Environmental Impact Assessment Review,55:110-125.doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2015.07.006
Bai X M,Shi P J,Liu Y S,2014.Society:realizing China’s urban dream.Nature,509(7499):158-160.doi:10.1038/509158a
Chang G H,2002.The cause and cure of China’s widening income disparity.China Economic Review,13(4):335-340.doi:10.1016/S1043-951X(02)00089-5
Chang G H,Brada J C,2006.The paradox of China’s growing under-urbanization.Economic Systems,30(1):24-40.doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2005.07.002
Chen Mingxing,Lu Dadao,Zha Liangsong,2010.The comprehensive evaluation of China’s urbanization and effects on resources and environment.Journal of Geographical Sciences,20(1):17-30.doi:10.1007/s11442-010-0017-0
Chen M X,Liu W D,Tao X L,2013a.Evolution and assessment on China’s urbanization 1960-2010:under-urbanization or over-urbanization?Habitat International,38:25-33.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.09.007
Chen Mingxing,Huang Yongbin,Tang Zhipeng et al.,2014.The provincial pattern of the relationship between urbanization and economic development in China.Journal of Geographical Sciences,24(1):33-45.doi:10.1007/s11442-014-1071-9
Chen Y,Chen Z G,Xu G L et al.,2016.Built-up land efficiency in urban China:insights from the general land use plan(2006-2020).Habitat International,51:31-38.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.10.014
Chen Z,Wang J N,Ma G X et al.,2013b.China tackles the health effects of air pollution.The Lancet,382(9909):1959-1960.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62064-4
Guo Y T,Wang H W,Nijkamp P et al.,2015.Space-time indicators in interdependent urban-environmental systems:a study on the Huai River Basin in China.Habitat International,45:135-146.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.030
He C F,Chen T M,Mao X Y et al.,2016.Economic transition,urbanization and population redistribution in China.Habitat International,51:39-47.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.10.006
He J Q,Wang S J,Liu Y Y et al.,2017.Examining the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment using a coupling analysis:case study of Shanghai,China.Ecological Indicators,77:185-193.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.017
Hegazy I R,Kaloop M R,2015.Monitoring urban growth and land use change detection with GIS and remote sensing techniques in Daqahlia governorate Egypt.International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment,4(1):117-124.doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.02.005
Hu R.2016.China’s land use and urbanization:challenges for comprehensive reform.In Garrick J and Bennett Y C(eds).China’s Socialist Rule of Law Reforms Under Xi Jinping.London,New York:Routledge,122-133.
Hu S G,Tong L Y,Frazier A E et al.,2015.Urban boundary extraction and sprawl analysis using Landsat images:a case study in Wuhan,China.Habitat International,47:183-195.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.01.017
Kamusoko C.2017.Importance of remote sensing and land change modeling for urbanization studies.In:Murayama Y,Kamusoko C,Yamashita A et al.,(eds).Urban Development in Asia and Africa:Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises.Singapore:Springer,3-10.doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3241-7_1
Li Y F,Li Y,Zhou Y,et al.,2012.Investigation of a coupling model of coordination between urbanization and the environment.Journal of Environmental Management,98:127-133.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.025
Li Y F,Li D,2014.Assessment and forecast of Beijing and Shanghai's urban ecosystem health.Science of the Total Environment,487:154-163.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.139
Li Zilian,2013.A study on the causes of population urbanization laging behind land urbanization.China Population,Resources and Environment,23(11):94-101.
Liu Yaobin,2007.Analysis on temporal-spatial effects of resources consumption to urbanization in Jiangxi Province.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,14(4):168-172.(in Chinese)
Liu Yanjun,Zhang Jing,Li Chenggu et al.,2017.Influential intensity of urban agglomeration on evolution of eco-environmental pressure:a case study of Changchun,China.Chinese Geographical Science,27(4):638-647.doi:10.1007/s11769-017-0891-9
Liu Yansui,Yang Ren,2012.The spatial characteristics and formation mechanism of the county urbanization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,67(8):1011-1020.(in Chinese)
Liu Y S,Fang F,Li Y H,2014.Key issues of land use in China and implications for policy making.Land Use Policy,40:6-12.doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.013
Lu Dadao,Yao Shimou,Li Guoping et al.,2007.Comprehensive analysis of the urbanization process based on China's conditions.Economic Geography,27(6):883-886.(in Chinese)
Lu M,Wan G H,2014.Urbanization and urban systems in the People's Republic of China:research findings and policy recommendations.Journal of Economic Surveys,28(4):671-685.doi:10.1111/joes.12078
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China,2012.Code for classification of urban land use and planning standards of development land(GB50137-2011).Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press.(in Chinese)
Mulligan Gordon F,2013.Reprint of:Revisiting the urbanization curve.Cities,32:113-122.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.07.009
People’s Government of Jiangxi Province,2016.The 13th five-year plan for the protection and development of land and resources in Jiangxi Province.http://www.jiangxi.gov.cn/art/2016/10/28/art_396_137449.html.2016-10-28/2018-02-20.(in Chinese)
Qian Z,2012.Post-reform urban restructuring in China:the case of Hangzhou 1990-2010.Town Planning Review,83(4):431-456.doi:10.3828/tpr.2012.26
Ren L J,Cui E Q,Sun H Y,2014.Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,21(23):13646-13655.doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3242-8
Research Group of China Population and Development Research Center,2012.China’s urbanization strategy.Population Research,36(3):3-13.
Shen L Y,Zhou J Y,Skitmore M et al.,2015.Application of a hybrid Entropy-McKinsey Matrix method in evaluating sustainable urbanization:a China case study.Cities,42:186-194.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.006
State Council of China,2014.The national newetype urbanization plan(2014-2020).http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2014/content_2644805.htm.2014-03-16/2018-02-20.(in Chinese)
Sun Pingjun,Ding Sibao,Xiu Chunliang,2012.Analysis of the coordination of population-economy-space in Beijing.City Planning Review,36(5):38-45.(in Chinese)
Sun Pingjun,Song Wei,Xiu Chunliang et al.,2013.Noncoordination in China’s urbanization:assessment and affecting factors.Chinese Geographical Science,23(6):729-739.doi:10.1007/s11769-013-0634-5
Tan Y T,Xu H,Zhang X L,2016.Sustainable urbanization in China:a comprehensive literature review.Cities,55:82-93.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.002
Wang Q S,Yuan X L,Zhang J et al.,2013.Key evaluation framework for the impacts of urbanization on air environment-a case study.Ecological Indicators,24:266-272.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.004
Wang S J,Ma H T,Zhao Y B,2014.Exploring the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment-a case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Ecological Indicators,45:171-183.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.006
Wang S J,Fang C L,Wang Y et al.,2015.Quantifying the relationship between urban development intensity and carbon dioxide emissions using a panel data analysis.Ecological Indicators,49:121-131.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.004
Wang Wenbo,Cai Yunlong,2008.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of differences in urbanization levels-a case study of Lintong district,Xi’an.Human Geography,23(1):48-51.(in Chinese)
Wang Yang,Fang Chuanglin,Wang Zhenbo,2012.The study on comprehensive evaluation and urbanization division at county level in China.Geographical Research,31(7):1305-1316.(in Chinese)
You H Y,2015.Quantifying the coordinated degree of urbanization in Shanghai,China.Quality&Quantity,50(3):1273-1283.doi:10.1007/s11135-015-0204-2
Zheng Jianhua,Zheng Guoquan,2017.Research progress of land urbanization in China.Research on Development,(3):61-66.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Xu J C,Wang L et al.,2015.Assessing urbanization quality using structure and function analyses:A case study of the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay(UAHB),China.Habitat International,49:165-176.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.020
Bai X M,Shi P J,Liu Y S,2014.Society:realizing China’s urban dream.Nature,509(7499):158-160.doi:10.1038/509158a
Chang G H,2002.The cause and cure of China’s widening income disparity.China Economic Review,13(4):335-340.doi:10.1016/S1043-951X(02)00089-5
Chang G H,Brada J C,2006.The paradox of China’s growing under-urbanization.Economic Systems,30(1):24-40.doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2005.07.002
Chen Mingxing,Lu Dadao,Zha Liangsong,2010.The comprehensive evaluation of China’s urbanization and effects on resources and environment.Journal of Geographical Sciences,20(1):17-30.doi:10.1007/s11442-010-0017-0
Chen M X,Liu W D,Tao X L,2013a.Evolution and assessment on China’s urbanization 1960-2010:under-urbanization or over-urbanization?Habitat International,38:25-33.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2012.09.007
Chen Mingxing,Huang Yongbin,Tang Zhipeng et al.,2014.The provincial pattern of the relationship between urbanization and economic development in China.Journal of Geographical Sciences,24(1):33-45.doi:10.1007/s11442-014-1071-9
Chen Y,Chen Z G,Xu G L et al.,2016.Built-up land efficiency in urban China:insights from the general land use plan(2006-2020).Habitat International,51:31-38.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.10.014
Chen Z,Wang J N,Ma G X et al.,2013b.China tackles the health effects of air pollution.The Lancet,382(9909):1959-1960.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62064-4
Guo Y T,Wang H W,Nijkamp P et al.,2015.Space-time indicators in interdependent urban-environmental systems:a study on the Huai River Basin in China.Habitat International,45:135-146.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.030
He C F,Chen T M,Mao X Y et al.,2016.Economic transition,urbanization and population redistribution in China.Habitat International,51:39-47.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.10.006
He J Q,Wang S J,Liu Y Y et al.,2017.Examining the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment using a coupling analysis:case study of Shanghai,China.Ecological Indicators,77:185-193.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.01.017
Hegazy I R,Kaloop M R,2015.Monitoring urban growth and land use change detection with GIS and remote sensing techniques in Daqahlia governorate Egypt.International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment,4(1):117-124.doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.02.005
Hu R.2016.China’s land use and urbanization:challenges for comprehensive reform.In Garrick J and Bennett Y C(eds).China’s Socialist Rule of Law Reforms Under Xi Jinping.London,New York:Routledge,122-133.
Hu S G,Tong L Y,Frazier A E et al.,2015.Urban boundary extraction and sprawl analysis using Landsat images:a case study in Wuhan,China.Habitat International,47:183-195.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.01.017
Kamusoko C.2017.Importance of remote sensing and land change modeling for urbanization studies.In:Murayama Y,Kamusoko C,Yamashita A et al.,(eds).Urban Development in Asia and Africa:Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises.Singapore:Springer,3-10.doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3241-7_1
Li Y F,Li Y,Zhou Y,et al.,2012.Investigation of a coupling model of coordination between urbanization and the environment.Journal of Environmental Management,98:127-133.doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.025
Li Y F,Li D,2014.Assessment and forecast of Beijing and Shanghai's urban ecosystem health.Science of the Total Environment,487:154-163.doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.139
Li Zilian,2013.A study on the causes of population urbanization laging behind land urbanization.China Population,Resources and Environment,23(11):94-101.
Liu Yaobin,2007.Analysis on temporal-spatial effects of resources consumption to urbanization in Jiangxi Province.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,14(4):168-172.(in Chinese)
Liu Yanjun,Zhang Jing,Li Chenggu et al.,2017.Influential intensity of urban agglomeration on evolution of eco-environmental pressure:a case study of Changchun,China.Chinese Geographical Science,27(4):638-647.doi:10.1007/s11769-017-0891-9
Liu Yansui,Yang Ren,2012.The spatial characteristics and formation mechanism of the county urbanization in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,67(8):1011-1020.(in Chinese)
Liu Y S,Fang F,Li Y H,2014.Key issues of land use in China and implications for policy making.Land Use Policy,40:6-12.doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.013
Lu Dadao,Yao Shimou,Li Guoping et al.,2007.Comprehensive analysis of the urbanization process based on China's conditions.Economic Geography,27(6):883-886.(in Chinese)
Lu M,Wan G H,2014.Urbanization and urban systems in the People's Republic of China:research findings and policy recommendations.Journal of Economic Surveys,28(4):671-685.doi:10.1111/joes.12078
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China,2012.Code for classification of urban land use and planning standards of development land(GB50137-2011).Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press.(in Chinese)
Mulligan Gordon F,2013.Reprint of:Revisiting the urbanization curve.Cities,32:113-122.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2013.07.009
People’s Government of Jiangxi Province,2016.The 13th five-year plan for the protection and development of land and resources in Jiangxi Province.http://www.jiangxi.gov.cn/art/2016/10/28/art_396_137449.html.2016-10-28/2018-02-20.(in Chinese)
Qian Z,2012.Post-reform urban restructuring in China:the case of Hangzhou 1990-2010.Town Planning Review,83(4):431-456.doi:10.3828/tpr.2012.26
Ren L J,Cui E Q,Sun H Y,2014.Temporal and spatial variations in the relationship between urbanization and water quality.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,21(23):13646-13655.doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3242-8
Research Group of China Population and Development Research Center,2012.China’s urbanization strategy.Population Research,36(3):3-13.
Shen L Y,Zhou J Y,Skitmore M et al.,2015.Application of a hybrid Entropy-McKinsey Matrix method in evaluating sustainable urbanization:a China case study.Cities,42:186-194.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.006
State Council of China,2014.The national newetype urbanization plan(2014-2020).http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2014/content_2644805.htm.2014-03-16/2018-02-20.(in Chinese)
Sun Pingjun,Ding Sibao,Xiu Chunliang,2012.Analysis of the coordination of population-economy-space in Beijing.City Planning Review,36(5):38-45.(in Chinese)
Sun Pingjun,Song Wei,Xiu Chunliang et al.,2013.Noncoordination in China’s urbanization:assessment and affecting factors.Chinese Geographical Science,23(6):729-739.doi:10.1007/s11769-013-0634-5
Tan Y T,Xu H,Zhang X L,2016.Sustainable urbanization in China:a comprehensive literature review.Cities,55:82-93.doi:10.1016/j.cities.2016.04.002
Wang Q S,Yuan X L,Zhang J et al.,2013.Key evaluation framework for the impacts of urbanization on air environment-a case study.Ecological Indicators,24:266-272.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.004
Wang S J,Ma H T,Zhao Y B,2014.Exploring the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment-a case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Ecological Indicators,45:171-183.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.006
Wang S J,Fang C L,Wang Y et al.,2015.Quantifying the relationship between urban development intensity and carbon dioxide emissions using a panel data analysis.Ecological Indicators,49:121-131.doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.10.004
Wang Wenbo,Cai Yunlong,2008.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of differences in urbanization levels-a case study of Lintong district,Xi’an.Human Geography,23(1):48-51.(in Chinese)
Wang Yang,Fang Chuanglin,Wang Zhenbo,2012.The study on comprehensive evaluation and urbanization division at county level in China.Geographical Research,31(7):1305-1316.(in Chinese)
You H Y,2015.Quantifying the coordinated degree of urbanization in Shanghai,China.Quality&Quantity,50(3):1273-1283.doi:10.1007/s11135-015-0204-2
Zheng Jianhua,Zheng Guoquan,2017.Research progress of land urbanization in China.Research on Development,(3):61-66.(in Chinese)
Zhou D,Xu J C,Wang L et al.,2015.Assessing urbanization quality using structure and function analyses:A case study of the urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay(UAHB),China.Habitat International,49:165-176.doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.020