SF_6替代气体的饱和蒸气压特性研究
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摘要
针对许多SF_6替代气体存在液化温度高、不能单独应用于电力设备的问题,提出了一种基于饱和蒸气压特性计算筛选适用于电力设备的SF_6替代气体的种类和混合比例的方法。采用Antoine方程和气液平衡定律结合的方法来研究SF_6替代气体的饱和蒸气压特性。针对目前研究较多的常规气体、PFN和PFK类气体、PFC类气体、HFO类气体、HFC类气体,分别对其中比较有代表性的几种气体的饱和蒸气压特性做了对比,并对其中比较有潜力的气体与缓冲气体CO_2的混合气体的饱和蒸气压特性进行了分析。研究结果表明:HFC-125、1-C_3F_6、HFO-1234yf、C4-PFN、C5-PFK几种气体具有较好的应用前景,按照其与CO_2的混合气体的饱和蒸气压从高到低排序,依次为SF_6、HFC-125、1-C_3F_6、HFO-1234yf、C4-PFN、C5-PFK,当混合气中CO_2体积分数为90%时,这几种混合气体在-25℃下的饱和蒸气压分别可以达到2.2、1.34、0.913、0.871、0.36、0.098 4 MPa。
Aiming at the problem that many SF_6 substitute gases have high liquefaction temperature and thus cannot be applied to power equipment, a novel method based on the calculation of saturated vapor pressure characteristics was proposed to screen the type and mixture ratio of SF_6 substitute gases applied to power equipment. The Antoine equation was combined with the vapor-liquid equilibrium law to investigate the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of SF_6 substitute gases. Among the mostly studied normal gases, suchas PFN and PFK gases, PFC gases, HFO gases, and HFC gases, the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of several representative gases, as well as the gas mixtures of some promising gases and CO_2, were calculated and compared. The results show that HFC-125, 1-C_3F_6, HFO-1234 yf, C4-PFN and C5-PFK possess good application prospect. The saturated vapor pressure of these gases mixed with CO_2 is ranked as:SF_6>HFC-125>1-C_3F_6>HFO-1234 yf>C4-PFN>C5-PFK. These mixtures with a CO_2 volume fraction of 90% present the saturated vapor pressure of 2.2, 1.34, 0.913, 0.871, 0.36 and 0.098 4 MPa, respectively, at-25 ℃.
Aiming at the problem that many SF_6 substitute gases have high liquefaction temperature and thus cannot be applied to power equipment, a novel method based on the calculation of saturated vapor pressure characteristics was proposed to screen the type and mixture ratio of SF_6 substitute gases applied to power equipment. The Antoine equation was combined with the vapor-liquid equilibrium law to investigate the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of SF_6 substitute gases. Among the mostly studied normal gases, suchas PFN and PFK gases, PFC gases, HFO gases, and HFC gases, the saturated vapor pressure characteristics of several representative gases, as well as the gas mixtures of some promising gases and CO_2, were calculated and compared. The results show that HFC-125, 1-C_3F_6, HFO-1234 yf, C4-PFN and C5-PFK possess good application prospect. The saturated vapor pressure of these gases mixed with CO_2 is ranked as:SF_6>HFC-125>1-C_3F_6>HFO-1234 yf>C4-PFN>C5-PFK. These mixtures with a CO_2 volume fraction of 90% present the saturated vapor pressure of 2.2, 1.34, 0.913, 0.871, 0.36 and 0.098 4 MPa, respectively, at-25 ℃.
引文
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[20]RABIE M,FRANCK C M.Comparison of gases for electrical insulation:fundamental concepts[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2018,25(2):649-656.
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[22]LEMMON E W,JACOBSEN R T.A new functional form and new fitting techniques for equations of state with application to pentafluoroethane(HFC-125)[J].Journal of Physical&Chemical Reference Data,2005,34(1):69-108.
[23]WADA J,UETA G,OKABE S,et al.Dielectric properties of gas mixtures with per-fluorocarbon gas and gas with low liquefaction temperature[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):838-847.
[2]CHRISTOPHOROU L G,OLTHOFF J K,VAN-BRUNT R J.Sulfur hexafluoride and the electric power industry[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1997,13(5):20-24.
[3]ROKUNOHE T,YAGIHASHI Y,ENDO F,et al.Fundamental insulation characteristics of air,N2,CO2,N2/O2,and SF6/N2mixed gases[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2006,155(3):9-17.
[4]UCHII T,HOSHINA Y,MORI T,et al.Investigations on SF6-free gas circuit breaker adopting CO2,gas as an alternative arc-quenching and insulating medium[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer,2004:205-210.
[5]李兴文,赵虎.SF6替代气体的研究进展综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1695-1701.LI Xingwen,ZHAO Hu.Review of research progress in SF6substitute gases[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1695-1701.
[6]KIM J Y,KIM Y M,SEOK B Y,et al.A study on the lightning impulse breakdown characteristics of dry air for design of eco-friendly electric power apparatus[C]∥18th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2013:25-30.
[7]STOLLER P C,SEEGER M,IORDANIDIS A A,et al.CO2as an arc interruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2359-2369.
[8]NECHMI H E,BEROUAL A,GIRODET A,et al.Fluoronitriles/CO2gas mixture as promising substitute to SF6for insulation in high voltage applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(5):2587-2593.
[9]SIMKA P,RANJAN N.Dielectric strength of C5perfluoroketone[C]∥19th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2015:23-28.
[10]SAXEGAARD M,KRISTOFFERSEN M,HYREN-BACH M.Dielectric properties of gases suitable for secondary medium voltage switchgear[C]∥23rd International Conference&Exhibition on Electricity Distribution.Lyon,France:CIRED,2015:0926.
[11]KIEFFEL Y,IRWIN T,PONCHON P,et al.Green gas to replace SF6in electrical grids[J].IEEE Power&Energy Magazine,2016,14(2):32-39.
[12]KIEFFEL Y,GIRODET A,BIQUEZ F,et al.SF6alternative development for high voltage switchgears[C/OL]∥2015IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2015.DOI:10.1109/ICACACT.2014.7223577.
[13]李兴文,邓云坤,姜旭,等.环保气体C4F7N和C5F10O与CO2混合气体的绝缘性能及其应用[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):708-714.LI Xingwen,DENG Yunkun,JIANG Xü,et al.Insulation performance and application of environmentfriendly gases mixtures of C4F7N and C5F10O with CO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):708-714.
[14]LI X,ZHAO H,WU J,et al.Analysis of the insulation characteristics of CF3I mixtures with CF4,CO2,N2,O2and air[J].Journal of Physics:D Applied Physics,2013,46(34):345203.
[15]LI X,ZHAO H,JIA S,et al.Prediction of the dielectric strength for c-C4F8mixtures with CF4,CO2,N2,O2and air by Boltzmann equation analysis[J].Journal of Physics:D Applied Physics,2014,47(42):425204.
[16]LARIN A V,MEURICE N,GENTILS F,et al.Theoretical and experimental analyses of the synergism in the dielectric strength for C3F8/C2HF5 mixtures[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2007,101(8):4377.
[17]ZHAO S,JIAO J,ZHAO X,et al.Synergistic effect of c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures in slightly non-uniform electric field under lightning impulse[C]∥IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,2016:531-534.
[18]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I/CO2与CF3I/N2两种混合气体局部放电绝缘特性的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):1948-1956.ZHANG Xiaoxing,ZHOU Junjie,TANG Ju,et al.Experimental research on the partial discharge insulation properties of CF3I/CO2and CF3I/N2gas mixtures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(12):1948-1956.
[19]MIDDLETON R L.Cold weather applications of gas mixture(SF6/N2,SF6/CF4)circuit breakers:a user utility’s perspective[C]∥The US Environmental Protection Agency’s Conference on SF6and the Environment:Emission Reduction Strategies.Manitoba,USA:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2000:1-8.
[20]RABIE M,FRANCK C M.Comparison of gases for electrical insulation:fundamental concepts[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2018,25(2):649-656.
[21]蒋能照,吴兆琳,翁文兵.新制冷剂HFC-134a的热物理及热力学性质[J].上海理工大学学报,1991,13(2):81-89.JIANG Nengzhao,WU Zhaolin,WENG Wenbing.Thermophysical and thermodynamics properties for new freezing medium HFC-134a[J].Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,1991,13(2):81-89.
[22]LEMMON E W,JACOBSEN R T.A new functional form and new fitting techniques for equations of state with application to pentafluoroethane(HFC-125)[J].Journal of Physical&Chemical Reference Data,2005,34(1):69-108.
[23]WADA J,UETA G,OKABE S,et al.Dielectric properties of gas mixtures with per-fluorocarbon gas and gas with low liquefaction temperature[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):838-847.
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