SF_6替代气体与空气混合的绝缘性能研究
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摘要
CF_3I和c-C_4F_8作为目前研究最多的SF_6替代气体,需要与缓冲气体混合以降低液化温度。为了评估使用空气作为SF_6替代气体缓冲气体的可能性,通过求解两项近似的Boltzmann方程,计算了CF_3I/空气、c-C_4F_8/空气混合气体的电子崩参数。首先,分别计算了CF_3I/空气、c-C_4F_8/空气混合气体的约化电离系数、约化附着系数、约化有效电离系数、约化临界场强,以及表征对不均匀电场敏感程度的c值(约化有效电离系数关于约化电场的关系曲线中零点附近的斜率值)。然后,将计算值与约化临界场强和c值分别与CF_3I/CO_2、CF_3I/N_2和c-C_4F_8/CO_2、c-C_4F_8/N_2混合气体进行对比,从绝缘强度、对不均匀电场的敏感程度两个方面评估空气作为缓冲气体的优劣。结果表明,70%/30%的CF_3I/空气、c-C_4F_8/空气混合气体绝缘性能与SF_6相当;在空气、CO_2、N_23种缓冲气体中,与CF_3I混合,空气是最佳选项;与c-C_4F_8混合,空气和N_2难分高下,二者均优于CO_2。
As the most studied SF_6 substitute gas,CF_3I and c-C_4F_8 need to be mixed with buffer gases to reduce liq-uefaction temperature. For the purpose to assess the possibility for air to be buffer gas in SF_6 substitute gas,electronswarm parameters of CF_3I/air and c-C_4F_8/air are calculated through two-term approximated Boltzmann equation.First,the reduced ionization coefficient,reduced attachment coefficient,reduced effective ionization coefficient,limiting reduced electric strength and c value(the slope around zero point of reduced effective ionization coefficientas a function of reduced electric field strength)which reflects the sensitivity to non-uniform electric field of CF_3I/airand c-C_4F_8/air are calculated. Then,the limiting reduced electric strengths and c values are compared to the mixturewith the same electronegative gases but different buffer gases(CO_2 and N_2). Assessment is made from two aspects:in-sulation strength and sensitivity to non-uniform electric field. The consequence is that CF_3I/air or c-C_4F_8/air with themix ratio 30%/70% possesses similar insulation property to SF_6. According to the result,among air,CO_2 and N_2,air isthe best choice to mix with CF_3I,and air and N_2 possess similar properties to mix with c-C_4F_8,both better than CO_2.
As the most studied SF_6 substitute gas,CF_3I and c-C_4F_8 need to be mixed with buffer gases to reduce liq-uefaction temperature. For the purpose to assess the possibility for air to be buffer gas in SF_6 substitute gas,electronswarm parameters of CF_3I/air and c-C_4F_8/air are calculated through two-term approximated Boltzmann equation.First,the reduced ionization coefficient,reduced attachment coefficient,reduced effective ionization coefficient,limiting reduced electric strength and c value(the slope around zero point of reduced effective ionization coefficientas a function of reduced electric field strength)which reflects the sensitivity to non-uniform electric field of CF_3I/airand c-C_4F_8/air are calculated. Then,the limiting reduced electric strengths and c values are compared to the mixturewith the same electronegative gases but different buffer gases(CO_2 and N_2). Assessment is made from two aspects:in-sulation strength and sensitivity to non-uniform electric field. The consequence is that CF_3I/air or c-C_4F_8/air with themix ratio 30%/70% possesses similar insulation property to SF_6. According to the result,among air,CO_2 and N_2,air isthe best choice to mix with CF_3I,and air and N_2 possess similar properties to mix with c-C_4F_8,both better than CO_2.
引文
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[28]DENG Yunkun,XIAO Dengming.Analysis of the insulation characteristics of CF3I gas mixtures with Ar,Xe,He,N2,and CO2 using Boltzmann equation method[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2014,53(9):096201.
[2]吴彬,舒立春,司马文霞,等.SF6气体绝缘与地球温室效应问题[J].高压电器,2000,36(6):23-26.WU Bin,SHU Lichun,SIMA Wenxia,et al.SF6 gas insulation and its global green house effect[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2000,36(6):23-26.
[3]NIEMEYER L,CHU F Y.SF6 and the atmosphere[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1992,27(1):184-187.
[4]李亚强,刘灿生.《京都议定书》和清洁发展机制(CDM)的开展[N].中国环境报,2005-02-22.LI Yaqiang,LIU Cansheng.Kyoto Protocol and the launch of clean development mechanism(CDM)[N].China Environment News,2005-02-22.
[5]肖登明.环保型绝缘气体的发展前景[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1035-1046.XIAO Dengming.Development prospect of gas insulation based on environmental protection[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1035-1046.
[6]卡尔L·约斯.Matheson气体数据手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:630-634.CARL L Y.Matheson gas data book[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003:630-634.
[7]段远源,史琳,朱明善,等.三氟碘甲烷(CF3I)的热物理性质[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40(6):60-63.DUAN Yuanyuan,SHI Lin,ZHU Mingshan,et al.Thermophysical properties of trifluoroiodomethane[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2000,40(6):60-63.
[8]KATAGIRI H,KASUYA H,MIZOGUCHI H,et al.Investi-gation of the performance of CF3I gas as a possible substi-tute for SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Elec-trical Insulation,2008,15(5):1424-1429.
[9]WU Biantao,XIAO Dengming,LIU Zhangsheng,et al.Anal-ysis of insulation characteristics of c-C4F8 and N2 gas mix-tures by the Monte Carlo method[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(19):4204-4207.
[10]LIU Xueli,WANG Jianwei,WANG Yanan,et al.Analysisof the insulation characteristics of c-C4F8/CO2 gas mixturesby the Monte Carlo method[J].Journal of Physics D:Ap-plied Physics,2008,41(1):1-5.
[11]满林坤,邓云坤,肖登明.c-C4F8/N2与c-C4F8/CO2混合气体的绝缘性能[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):788-794.MAN Linkun,DENG Yunkun,XIAO Dengming.Insulatingproperties of c-C4F8/N2 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures[J].HighVoltage Engineering,2017,43(3):788-794.
[12]DENG Yunkun,XIAO Dengming.The effective ionizationcoefficients and electron drift velocities in gas mixtures ofCF3I with N2 and CO2 obtained from Boltzmann equationanalysis[J].Chinese Physics B,2013,22(3):035101.
[13]ZHANG Xiaoxing,XIAO Song,ZHOU Junjie,et al.Experi-mental analysis of the feasibility of CF3I/CO2 substitutingSF6 as insulation medium using needle-plate electrodes[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(4):1895-1900.
[14]ZHAO Xiaoling,LI Bing,XIAO Dengming,et al.Break-down characteristics of CF3I-N2 gas mixtures in a needle-plate geometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics andElectrical Insulation,2017,24(2):869-875.
[15]张辉,肖登明,赵谡,等.CF3I/N2混合气体中绝缘子沿面闪络特性的研究[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):104-109.ZHANG Hui,XIAO Dengming,ZHAO Su,et al.Re-search on surface flashover characteristics of insulators inCF3I/N2 gas mixtures[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):104-109.
[16]LI Xingwen,ZHAO Hu,WU Jian,et al.Analysis of the insulation characteristics of CF3I mixtures with CF4,CO2,N2,O2and air[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2013,46(34):345203.
[17]LI Xingwen,ZHAO Hu,JIA Shenli,et al.Prediction of the dielectric strength for c-C4F8 mixtures with CF4,CO2,N2,O2and air by Boltzmann equation analysis[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2014,47(42):425204.
[18]崔文军,张交锁.无SF6气体绝缘开关设备中干燥空气作为绝缘介质的使用[J].高压电器,2016,52(12):221-226.CUI Wenjun,ZHANG Jiaosuo.Dry air as insulation gas in SF6-free gas insulated switchgears[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(12):221-226.
[19]邱毓昌,冯允平.SF6/空气混合气体用于C-GIS的研究[J].高压电器,1993,29(3):3-7.QIU Yuchang,FENG Yunping.Research on the application of SF6/air mixture in C-GIS[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1993,29(3):3-7.
[20]HAGELAAR G M,PITCHFORD L C.Solving the Boltzmann equation to obtain electron transport coefficients and rate coefficients for fluid models[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2005,14(4):722-733.
[21]CHRISTOPHOROU L G,OLTHOFF J K.Electron interactions with c-C4F8[J].Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data,2001,30(2):449-473.
[22]YAMAJI M,NAKAMURA Y.Swarm derived electron collision cross section set for the perfluorocyclobutane molecule[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2004,37(11):1525-1531.
[23]NOVAK J P,FRéCHETTE M F.Collisional cross sections of c-C4F8 and transport coefficients of c-C4F8 and N2-c-C4F8mixtures[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1988,63(8):2570-2575.
[24]邱毓昌.GIS装置及其绝缘技术[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1994:17-20.QIU Yuchang.GIS apparatus and its insulation[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,1994:17-20.
[25]DE URQUIJO J,JUAREZ A M,BASURTO E,et al.Electron impact ionization and attachment,drift velocities and longitudinal diffusion in CF3I and CF3I-N2 mixtures[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2007,40(7):2205-2209.
[26]CHAN C C,PACE M O,CHRISTOPHOROU L G.Proceedings of the second international symposium on gaseous dielectrics[C]//The Second International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics.Knoxville,Tennessee:[s.n.],1980:149.
[27]JAMES D R,CHRISTOPHOROU L G.Proceedings of the first international symposium on gaseous dielectrics[C]//The First International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics.Knoxville,Tennessee:[s.n.],1978:224.
[28]DENG Yunkun,XIAO Dengming.Analysis of the insulation characteristics of CF3I gas mixtures with Ar,Xe,He,N2,and CO2 using Boltzmann equation method[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2014,53(9):096201.
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