基于RTDS的电厂主变空充过程的仿真建模及功率振荡抑制策略
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摘要
在发电机组正常投运期间,投运相邻机组主变压器会引起投运机组的功率波动。为了再现上述过程,构建了相应的仿真模型,仿真建模包括:基于实时数字仿真(RTDS)环境构建变压器UMEC模型、等值外部网络、发电机系统模型(包括发电机模型及励磁系统模型及调速系统模型),基于上述3部分模型,共同组成了变压器空充仿真系统,再现了实际系统空充变压器导致系统低电压及临近机组的功率波动过程;进而提出分相合闸方法,抑制变压器空充导致的母线电压的降落及临近机组的功率波动。仿真模型及抑制策略的正确性及有效性通过算例得到验证。
Normally, putting on-load transformer of nearby generators into operation will lead to power fluctuations of on-line generators. To restage the accident, the paper proposes a simulation model, which includes the UMEC model of transformer in RTDS environment, the equivalent model of external network, and the model of power generation system(including generator, excitation control and speed control). These three parts constitute the no-load transformer energizing simulation system, which can be used to restage the accident where no-load energizing induces low voltage of bus and power fluctuation of nearby generators. Moreover, a method of phase-splitting is proposed to mitigate low voltage of bus and power fluctuation of nearby generators. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated and validated via case study.
Normally, putting on-load transformer of nearby generators into operation will lead to power fluctuations of on-line generators. To restage the accident, the paper proposes a simulation model, which includes the UMEC model of transformer in RTDS environment, the equivalent model of external network, and the model of power generation system(including generator, excitation control and speed control). These three parts constitute the no-load transformer energizing simulation system, which can be used to restage the accident where no-load energizing induces low voltage of bus and power fluctuation of nearby generators. Moreover, a method of phase-splitting is proposed to mitigate low voltage of bus and power fluctuation of nearby generators. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated and validated via case study.
引文
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[9]张雪松,黄莉,黄晓明.主变空充引起邻近发电机功率摆动分析[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2008, 36(2):16–20.ZHANG Xuesong, HUANG Li, HUANG Xiaoming. Analysis of the nearby generator power swing in transformer magnetizing[J]. Relay,2008, 36(2):16–20.
[10]余秀月,黄文英,陈峰,等.主变空充励磁涌流引起的核电机组功率异常振荡仿真和试验研究[C]//福建省电机工程学会学术年会.2015:1-6.YU Xiuyue, HUANG Wenying, CHEN Feng. Study on power oscillation of unit following the energizing of a main transformer on nuclear power station[C]//Academic Annual Meeting of Fujian Motor Engineering Society. 2015:1-6.
[11]KUFFEL R, GIESBRECHT J, MAGUIRE T,et al. RTDS-a fully digital power system simulator operating in real time[C]//International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1995. Proceedings of EMPD. IEEE, 1995, 2:498-503.
[12]常浩,张民,马为民.实时数字仿真器的应用[J].中国电力, 2006,39 (7):56–60.CHANG Hao, ZHANG Min, MA Weimin. Real time digital simulator(RTDS)and its applications[J]. Electric Power, 2006, 39(7):56–60.
[13]林济铿,闫贻鹏,蒲天骄,等.频率相关的电力系统网络等值新方法[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2012, 55(7):1894–1907.LIN J K, YAN Y P, PU T J,et al. A new method of frequencydependent network equivalence for power system[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55(7):1894–1907.
[14]LIN X, GOLE A M, YU M. A wide-band multi-port system equivalent for real-time digital power system simulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(1):237–249.
[15]MORCHED A S, OTTEVANGERS J H, MARTI L. Multi-port frequency dependent network equivalents for the EMTP[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1993, 8(3):1402–1412.
[16]林济铿,王超,吕晓艳,等.采用统一磁路及空载试验的变压器饱和模型[J].高电压技术, 2011, 37(2):422–428.LIN Jikeng, WANG Chao, LüXiaoyan, et al. Saturation model of transformer using unified magnetic equivalent circuit model and noload experiment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(2):422–428.
[17]习思敏.基于UMEC模型的三相变压器励磁涌流仿真研究[J].机电工程技术, 2011, 40(9):57–59.XI Simin. A simulation study of magnetic inrush in three-phase transformers based on UMEC model[J]. Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology, 2011, 40(9):57–59.
[18]吕晓艳.电磁暂态数值仿真中变压器饱和模型的研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2010.
[19]ITO H, TSUTADA H, KOHYAMA H,et al. Factory and field verification tests of controlled switching system[J].Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2014, 28(1):193–203.
[20]RAJEEV M, AGARWAL V. Closed loop control of novel transformer-less inverter topology for single phase grid connected photovoltaic system[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois(PECI), 2016:1-7.
[2]谈德才,阳卫.双河水电站2号主变压器空投充电时差动保护误动作原因分析及处理措施[J].现代制造, 2016(21):117–118.
[3]王耘,张健,李向辉. 500 kV变电站主变空充励磁涌流造成跳闸的分析[J].工程技术:全文版, 2016(6):00198–00199.
[4]林湘宁,刘沛,刘世明,等.变压器有载合闸的超饱和现象及对变压器差动保护的影响[J].中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(3):6–11.LIN Xiangning, LIU Pei, LIU Shiming, et al. Ultra-saturation state during transformer swich-in with load and its influence to transformerdifferential protection[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2002, 22(3):6–11.
[5]李琥,周海洋,施围.断路器合闸电阻对变压器励磁涌流的影响[J].高压电器, 2003, 39(1):16–18.LI Hu, ZHOU Haiyang, SHI Wei. Effect of closing resistor inside circuit breaker on inrush current of transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2003, 39(1):16–18.
[6]YEHIA A, MIZUNO A, TAKASHIMA K. Corona characteristics as influenced by magnitude and direction of the air flow rate in wireduct reactor[C]//Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy,2000, 2:714-718.
[7]顾春阳,王爱元,李健,等.一种有效抑制变压器空载合闸励磁涌流的方法[J].变压器, 2015, 52(11):33–36.GU Chunyang, WANG Aiyuan, LI Jian,et al. Method to suppress magnetizing inrush current of transformer during no-loaded closing[J]. Transformer, 2015, 52(11):33–36.
[8]SEO H C, KIM C H, RHEE S B, et al. Superconducting fault current limiter application for reduction of the transformer inrush current:a decision scheme of the optimal insertion resistance[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(4):2255–2264.
[9]张雪松,黄莉,黄晓明.主变空充引起邻近发电机功率摆动分析[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2008, 36(2):16–20.ZHANG Xuesong, HUANG Li, HUANG Xiaoming. Analysis of the nearby generator power swing in transformer magnetizing[J]. Relay,2008, 36(2):16–20.
[10]余秀月,黄文英,陈峰,等.主变空充励磁涌流引起的核电机组功率异常振荡仿真和试验研究[C]//福建省电机工程学会学术年会.2015:1-6.YU Xiuyue, HUANG Wenying, CHEN Feng. Study on power oscillation of unit following the energizing of a main transformer on nuclear power station[C]//Academic Annual Meeting of Fujian Motor Engineering Society. 2015:1-6.
[11]KUFFEL R, GIESBRECHT J, MAGUIRE T,et al. RTDS-a fully digital power system simulator operating in real time[C]//International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1995. Proceedings of EMPD. IEEE, 1995, 2:498-503.
[12]常浩,张民,马为民.实时数字仿真器的应用[J].中国电力, 2006,39 (7):56–60.CHANG Hao, ZHANG Min, MA Weimin. Real time digital simulator(RTDS)and its applications[J]. Electric Power, 2006, 39(7):56–60.
[13]林济铿,闫贻鹏,蒲天骄,等.频率相关的电力系统网络等值新方法[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2012, 55(7):1894–1907.LIN J K, YAN Y P, PU T J,et al. A new method of frequencydependent network equivalence for power system[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55(7):1894–1907.
[14]LIN X, GOLE A M, YU M. A wide-band multi-port system equivalent for real-time digital power system simulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(1):237–249.
[15]MORCHED A S, OTTEVANGERS J H, MARTI L. Multi-port frequency dependent network equivalents for the EMTP[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1993, 8(3):1402–1412.
[16]林济铿,王超,吕晓艳,等.采用统一磁路及空载试验的变压器饱和模型[J].高电压技术, 2011, 37(2):422–428.LIN Jikeng, WANG Chao, LüXiaoyan, et al. Saturation model of transformer using unified magnetic equivalent circuit model and noload experiment[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(2):422–428.
[17]习思敏.基于UMEC模型的三相变压器励磁涌流仿真研究[J].机电工程技术, 2011, 40(9):57–59.XI Simin. A simulation study of magnetic inrush in three-phase transformers based on UMEC model[J]. Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology, 2011, 40(9):57–59.
[18]吕晓艳.电磁暂态数值仿真中变压器饱和模型的研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2010.
[19]ITO H, TSUTADA H, KOHYAMA H,et al. Factory and field verification tests of controlled switching system[J].Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 2014, 28(1):193–203.
[20]RAJEEV M, AGARWAL V. Closed loop control of novel transformer-less inverter topology for single phase grid connected photovoltaic system[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois(PECI), 2016:1-7.