样品温度对双脉冲激光诱导Al等离子体特征参数的影响
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摘要
为研究样品温度变化对激光诱导击穿铝(Al)等离子体特征参数的影响,采用双脉冲激光器诱导激发在中频炉中加热的Al样品形成等离子体,对比分析了样品温度变化时不同特征谱线强度的变化;分析了CCD相机采集的不同样品温度下等离子体羽的形态变化;在局部热力学平衡条件下,用Boltzmann斜线法和Stark展宽法分析了等离子体电子温度和电子密度随样品温度的演化规律;使用Lorentz线型拟合分析了随样品温度变化的不同谱线的半峰全宽(FWHMs)。研究结果表明,等离子体羽的形态大小变化可以作为其电子温度和电子密度等特征参数随样品温度变化的直观反映;随着样品温度升高,等离子羽形态、谱线强度、FWHM、电子温度和电子密度都增大至饱和状态,并且样品温度对离子线和原子线的谱线强度和FWHM有不同的增强效果。
In order to study the effect of sample temperature on the characteristic parameters of laser induced breakdown aluminum( Al) plasma, we use a double-pulse laser to induce the Al sample heated in intermediate frequency furnace to form plasma. And then we analyze the intensity changes of different characteristic spectral lines and the morphology changes of plasma plume collected by CCD camera when the Al sample temperature changes. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we use Boltzmann oblique line method and Stark broadening method to analyze the evolution law of plasma electron temperature and electron density with the sample temperature. The full widths at half maximum( FWHMs) of different spectral lines varing with different sample temperatures are analyzed by Lorentz linetype fitting. The experimental results show that the morphology and size change of plasma plume is a direct reflection of the change of the characteristic parameters of plasma such as electron temperature and electron density. As the sample temperature increases,morphology of plasma plume, spectral line intensity, FWHM, electron temperature, and electron density will become saturated. For ionic and atomic lines, the sample temperature has different enhancement effects on the spectrum intensity and FWHM.
In order to study the effect of sample temperature on the characteristic parameters of laser induced breakdown aluminum( Al) plasma, we use a double-pulse laser to induce the Al sample heated in intermediate frequency furnace to form plasma. And then we analyze the intensity changes of different characteristic spectral lines and the morphology changes of plasma plume collected by CCD camera when the Al sample temperature changes. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we use Boltzmann oblique line method and Stark broadening method to analyze the evolution law of plasma electron temperature and electron density with the sample temperature. The full widths at half maximum( FWHMs) of different spectral lines varing with different sample temperatures are analyzed by Lorentz linetype fitting. The experimental results show that the morphology and size change of plasma plume is a direct reflection of the change of the characteristic parameters of plasma such as electron temperature and electron density. As the sample temperature increases,morphology of plasma plume, spectral line intensity, FWHM, electron temperature, and electron density will become saturated. For ionic and atomic lines, the sample temperature has different enhancement effects on the spectrum intensity and FWHM.
引文
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[2]Tang K P,Li R H,Chen Y Q.Application of gated photomultiplier tube in signal detection of LIBS[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(11):1115004.唐坤鹏,李润华,陈钰琦.门控光电倍增管在激光诱导击穿光谱信号检测中的应用[J].中国激光,2015,42(11):1115004.
[3]Wu Y Q,Sun T,Liu X H,et al.Detection of chromium content in soybean oil by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(4):043001.吴宜青,孙通,刘秀红,等.大豆油中铬元素含量的激光诱导击穿光谱检测[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(4):043001.
[4]Aragón C,Aguilera J A.Characterization of laser induced plasmas by optical emission spectroscopy:A review of experiments and methods[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2008,63(9):893-916.
[5]Hu Z H,Zhang Q,Ding L,et al.Temperature and electron number density of liquid jet double-pulse laser induced breakdown Ca plasma[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2013,33(4):0430004.胡振华,张巧,丁蕾,等.液体射流双脉冲激光诱导击穿Ca等离子体温度和电子数密度研究[J].光学学报,2013,33(4):0430004.
[6]Yan P X,Hui P,Zhu W G,et al.An investigation of the pulsed plasma for deposition of thin film materials[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1998,102(1/2):175-181.
[7]Garcia D,Sanchez L,Fenollar O,et al.Modification of polypropylene surface by CH4-O2,low-pressure plasma to improve wettability[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43(10):3466-3473.
[8]Sanginés R,Sobral H,Alvarez-Zauco E.The effect of sample temperature on the emission line intensification mechanisms in orthogonal double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2012,68(2):40-45.
[9]Vaira M D,Stoppioni P,Peruzzini M.Analytical control of liquid steel in an induction melting furnace using a remote laser induced plasma spectrometer[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2004,19(4):462-467.
[10]Weidman M,Baudelet M,Palanco S,et al.NdYAGCO2double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of organic films[J].Optics Express,2010,18(1):259-266.
[11]St-Onge L,Detalle V,Sabsabi M.Enhanced laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy using the combination of fourth-harmonic and fundamental NdYAG laser pulses[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2002,57(1):121-135.
[12]Stratis D N,Eland K L,Angel S M.Effect of pulse delay time on a pre-ablation dual-pulse LIBS plasma[J].Applied Spectroscopy,2001,55(10):1297-1303.
[13]Sturm V,Peter L,Noll R.Steel analysis with laserinduced breakdown spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet[J].Applied Spectroscopy,2000,42(9):6199-6204.
[14]Aguilera J A,Aragón C.A comparison of the temperatures and electron densities of laser-produced plasmas obtained in air,argon,and helium at atmospheric pressure[J].Applied Physics A,1999,69(1):S475-S478.
[15]Hubmer G,Kitzberger R,M9rwald K.Application of LIBS to the in-line process control of liquid high-alloy steel under pressure[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2006,385(2):219-224.
[16]Lopezmoreno C,Palanco S,Laserna J J.Calibration transfer method for the quantitative analysis of hightemperature materials with stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2005,20(11):1275-1279.
[17]Hartig K C,Colgan J,Kilcrease D P,et al.Nist atomic spectra database(version 5.2)[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,64(4):56-66.
[18]Harilal S S,Bindhu C V,Issac R C,et al.Electron density and temperature measurements in a laser produced carbon plasma[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1997,82(5):2140-2146.
[19]Galmed A H,Harith M A.Temporal follow up of the LTE conditions in aluminum laser induced plasma at different laser energies[J].Applied Physics B,2008,91(3):651-660.
[20]Eschlb9ck-Fuchs S,Haslinger M J,Hinterreiter A,et al.Influence of sample temperature on the expansion dynamics and the optical emission of laser-induced plasma[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2013,87(9):36-42.
[21]Griem H R.Plasma spectroscopy[M].New York:Mc Graw Hill,1964.
[22]Shaikh N M,Rashid B,Hafeez S,et al.Measurement of electron density and temperature of a laser[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2006,39(7):1384-1391.
[23]Noda K,Nemoto S,Umebayashi M,et al.5a-Yp-13spectroscopic diagnostics of a microwave heated oxygen plasma of an atmospheric pressure[J].The Physical Society of Japan(JPS),1997,52(2/3/4):13428349.
[24]Ahmad K,Tawfik W,Farooq W A,et al.Analysis of alumina-based titanium carbide composites by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Applied Physics A,2014,117(3):1315-1322.
[25]Huddlestone R H,Leonard S L.Plasma diagnostic techniques[M].New York:Academic Press,1965.