The levels, sources and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in a typical urban area of Northeast China
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摘要
Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were continually measured at a monitoring site in Shenyang from 20 August to 16 September 2017. The average concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and carbonyls were 28.54, 6.30, 5.59 and9.78 ppbv, respectively. Seven sources were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization model based on the measurement data of VOCs and CO. Vehicle exhaust contributed the most(36.15%) to the total propene-equivalent concentration of the measured VOCs,followed by combustion emission(16.92%), vegetation emission and secondary formation(14.33%), solvent usage(10.59%), petrochemical industry emission(9.89%), petrol evaporation(6.28%), and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) usage(5.84%). Vehicle exhaust, solvent usage and combustion emission were found to be the top three VOC sources for O_3 formation potential, accounting for 34.52%, 16.55% and 11.94%, respectively. The diurnal variation of the total VOCs from each source could be well explained by their emission characteristics,e.g., the two peaks of VOC concentrations from LPG usage were in line with the cooking times for breakfast and lunch. Wind rose plots of the VOCs from each source could reveal the possible distribution of the sources around the monitoring site. The O_3 pollution episodes during the measurement period were found to be coincident with the elevation of VOCs, which was mainly due to the air parcel from the southeast direction where petrochemical industry emission was found to be dominant, suggesting that the petrochemical industry emission from the southeast was probably a significant cause of O_3 pollution in Shenyang.
Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were continually measured at a monitoring site in Shenyang from 20 August to 16 September 2017. The average concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and carbonyls were 28.54, 6.30, 5.59 and9.78 ppbv, respectively. Seven sources were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization model based on the measurement data of VOCs and CO. Vehicle exhaust contributed the most(36.15%) to the total propene-equivalent concentration of the measured VOCs,followed by combustion emission(16.92%), vegetation emission and secondary formation(14.33%), solvent usage(10.59%), petrochemical industry emission(9.89%), petrol evaporation(6.28%), and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) usage(5.84%). Vehicle exhaust, solvent usage and combustion emission were found to be the top three VOC sources for O_3 formation potential, accounting for 34.52%, 16.55% and 11.94%, respectively. The diurnal variation of the total VOCs from each source could be well explained by their emission characteristics,e.g., the two peaks of VOC concentrations from LPG usage were in line with the cooking times for breakfast and lunch. Wind rose plots of the VOCs from each source could reveal the possible distribution of the sources around the monitoring site. The O_3 pollution episodes during the measurement period were found to be coincident with the elevation of VOCs, which was mainly due to the air parcel from the southeast direction where petrochemical industry emission was found to be dominant, suggesting that the petrochemical industry emission from the southeast was probably a significant cause of O_3 pollution in Shenyang.
Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were continually measured at a monitoring site in Shenyang from 20 August to 16 September 2017. The average concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and carbonyls were 28.54, 6.30, 5.59 and9.78 ppbv, respectively. Seven sources were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization model based on the measurement data of VOCs and CO. Vehicle exhaust contributed the most(36.15%) to the total propene-equivalent concentration of the measured VOCs,followed by combustion emission(16.92%), vegetation emission and secondary formation(14.33%), solvent usage(10.59%), petrochemical industry emission(9.89%), petrol evaporation(6.28%), and liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) usage(5.84%). Vehicle exhaust, solvent usage and combustion emission were found to be the top three VOC sources for O_3 formation potential, accounting for 34.52%, 16.55% and 11.94%, respectively. The diurnal variation of the total VOCs from each source could be well explained by their emission characteristics,e.g., the two peaks of VOC concentrations from LPG usage were in line with the cooking times for breakfast and lunch. Wind rose plots of the VOCs from each source could reveal the possible distribution of the sources around the monitoring site. The O_3 pollution episodes during the measurement period were found to be coincident with the elevation of VOCs, which was mainly due to the air parcel from the southeast direction where petrochemical industry emission was found to be dominant, suggesting that the petrochemical industry emission from the southeast was probably a significant cause of O_3 pollution in Shenyang.
引文
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Hagerman,L.M.,Aneja,V.P.,Lonneman,W.A.,1997.Characterization of non-methane hydrocarbons in the rural southeast United States.Atmos.Environ.31,4017-4038.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00223-9.
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Kesselmeier,J.,Staudt,M.,1999.Biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOC):An overview on emission,physiology and ecology.J.Atmos.Chem.33,23-88.
Kwok,E.S.C.,Atkinson,R.,1995.Estimation of hydroxyl radical reaction rate constants for gas-phase organic compounds using a structure-reactivity relationship:An update.Atmos.Environ.29,1685-1695.https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00069-B.
Li,L.,Chen,C.H.,Huang,C.,Huang,H.Y.,Zhang,G.F.,Wang,Y.J.,et al.,2012.Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta,China using the community multi-scale air quality modeling system.Atmos.Chem.Phys.12,10971-10987.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10971-2012.
Li,L.,Xie,S.,Zeng,L.,Wu,R.,Li,J.,2015.Characteristics of volatile organic compounds and their role in ground-level ozone formation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China.Atmos.Environ.113,247-254.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.021.
Ling,Z.H.,Guo,H.,2014.Contribution of VOC sources to photochemical ozone formation and its control policy implication in Hong Kong.Environ.Sci.Pol.38,180-191.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2013.12.004.
Ling,Z.H.,Guo,H.,Cheng,H.R.,Yu,Y.F.,2011.Sources of ambient volatile organic compounds and their contributions to photochemical ozone formation at a site in the Pearl River Delta,southern China.Environ.Pollut.159,2310-2319.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.001.
Liu,Y.,Shao,M.,Lu,S.,Chang,C.C.,Wang,J.L.,Fu,L.,2008.Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta,China:Part II.Atmos.Environ.42,6261-6274.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.027.
Liu,Y.,Peng,Y.,Bai,Z.,Zhang,B.,Shi,J.,Zhao,L.,2011.Characterization of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in Shenyang,China.Huanjing Kexue 32,2777-2785.
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