Response of Grassland Biomass to Soil Moisture in the Arid Mountainous Area of the Qilian Mountains
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摘要
The Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains in the arid region of northeast China was selected for research to analyze the species, height, and biomass in typical mountain grassland with an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m and measure soil moisture, so as to explore the seasonal characteristics of grassland biomass as altitude increases and the relationship between grassland biomass and soil moisture. The results showed that:(1) with a mean value of 135.36 g/m~2, grassland aboveground biomass showed a unimodal distribution from rise to decline as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 176.79 ± 28.37 g/m~2 at an altitude of 2,900 m; with a mean value of 946.13 g/m~2, grassland underground biomass showed an uptrend as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 1,301.19 ± 68.24 g/m~2 at an altitude of 3,000 m;(2) the difference between aboveground biomass and underground biomass in the grassland at different altitudes was significant;(3) values of root shoot ratio of the arid mountain grassland varied between 4.14–11.95;(4) values of soil moisture content of the arid mountain grassland varied between 9.23%–31.31%;(5) there was a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and underground biomass and the mean soil moisture content(p < 0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.778 4 and 0.784 3 respectively, soil layers with different moisture content made different contributions to grassland biomass, and moisture content in the soil layer where over-60-cm root systems were located was of significance to grassland biomass.
The Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains in the arid region of northeast China was selected for research to analyze the species, height, and biomass in typical mountain grassland with an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m and measure soil moisture, so as to explore the seasonal characteristics of grassland biomass as altitude increases and the relationship between grassland biomass and soil moisture. The results showed that:(1) with a mean value of 135.36 g/m~2, grassland aboveground biomass showed a unimodal distribution from rise to decline as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 176.79 ± 28.37 g/m~2 at an altitude of 2,900 m; with a mean value of 946.13 g/m~2, grassland underground biomass showed an uptrend as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 1,301.19 ± 68.24 g/m~2 at an altitude of 3,000 m;(2) the difference between aboveground biomass and underground biomass in the grassland at different altitudes was significant;(3) values of root shoot ratio of the arid mountain grassland varied between 4.14–11.95;(4) values of soil moisture content of the arid mountain grassland varied between 9.23%–31.31%;(5) there was a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and underground biomass and the mean soil moisture content(p < 0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.778 4 and 0.784 3 respectively, soil layers with different moisture content made different contributions to grassland biomass, and moisture content in the soil layer where over-60-cm root systems were located was of significance to grassland biomass.
The Pailugou watershed of the Qilian Mountains in the arid region of northeast China was selected for research to analyze the species, height, and biomass in typical mountain grassland with an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m and measure soil moisture, so as to explore the seasonal characteristics of grassland biomass as altitude increases and the relationship between grassland biomass and soil moisture. The results showed that:(1) with a mean value of 135.36 g/m~2, grassland aboveground biomass showed a unimodal distribution from rise to decline as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 176.79 ± 28.37 g/m~2 at an altitude of 2,900 m; with a mean value of 946.13 g/m~2, grassland underground biomass showed an uptrend as altitude increased, and reached its maximum of 1,301.19 ± 68.24 g/m~2 at an altitude of 3,000 m;(2) the difference between aboveground biomass and underground biomass in the grassland at different altitudes was significant;(3) values of root shoot ratio of the arid mountain grassland varied between 4.14–11.95;(4) values of soil moisture content of the arid mountain grassland varied between 9.23%–31.31%;(5) there was a positive correlation between aboveground biomass and underground biomass and the mean soil moisture content(p < 0.05), with a correlation coefficient of 0.778 4 and 0.784 3 respectively, soil layers with different moisture content made different contributions to grassland biomass, and moisture content in the soil layer where over-60-cm root systems were located was of significance to grassland biomass.
引文
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[2]Guo,Z.S.&Shao,M.A.(2003).Oil water car r ying capacity of vegetation and soil desiccation in artificial forestry and grassland in semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,23(8),1640-1647.
[3]Zhang,Q.Q.(2009).Study on dynamic change of soil moisture and vegetation growth in the Small Watershed of Diediegou of Liupan Mountainss(Master’s thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[4]Liu,J.,Liu,X.D.&Hou,L.M.(2012).Changes and ecological vulnerability of landscape pattern in eastern Qilian Mountainss.Arid Land Geography,35(5),795-805.
[5]Li,A.(2011).Study on the ecology mechanism of the relationship of artificial grassland community structure and productivity stability on the Tibetan Plateau(Doctoral thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[6]Li,Y.F.,Wang,J.L.&Zhu,J.X.(2016).Landscape pattern analysis of Mongolia based on the geographical partitions.Arid Land Geography,39(4),817-827.
[7]Zhang,P.L.,Chen,J.&Cui,S.J.et al.(2013).The community characteristics of different types of grassland under grazing prohibition condition.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(2),0425-0434.
[8]Zhou,H.B.,Shi,C.C.&Li,R.et al.(2009).Relationship among Terrain,Soil water and community structure in grass turning green period in Baiyu mountain of northern Shaanxi.Anhui Agricultural Sciences,(18),8653-8655.
[9]Ma,W.H.,Fang,J.Y.&Yang,Y.H.et al.(2010).Biomass dynamics of grassland in northern China and its relationship with climatic factors.Scientia Sinica,53,841-850.
[10]Wang,G.H.,Ren,J.Z.&Zhang,Z.H.(2002).Studies on the population diversity of plant community in Hexi mountain-oasis-desert area,Gansu,China.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,11(1),31-37.
[11]Chu,D.,Ji,Q.M.&Pu,C.(2007).Estimating grassland biomass in north Tibetan Plateau using EOS/MODIS.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,65(4),612-621.
[12]Wei,Y.L.,Xu,C.P.&Zhang,S.K.et al.(2008).Effects of climatic changes on biomass and ecoenvironments of natural grassland in Haibei region of Qinghai Province.Pratacultural Science,25(3),12-17.
[13]Fang,J.,Huang,X.D.&Wang,W.et al.(2011).The grassland biomass monitoring by remote sensing technology in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.Pratacultural Science,28(7),1345-1351.
[14]Liu,J.R.&Xie,X.R.(2002).The features of the alpine grassland in Qilian Mountains and Strategies for Sustain table development.Grassland and Turf,(2),15-18.
[15]Chang,X.X.,Zhao,W.Z.&Zhao,A.F.(2004).Species diversity of pasture community at different altitude levels in Qilian Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,15(9),1599-1603.
[16]Sheng,H.Y.,Zhang,C.P.&Cao,G.M.et al.(2009).Effect of grazing on soil environment of alpine meadow dominated by Potentilla froticosa shrub on Qilian Mountainss.Ecology and Environment,18(3),1088-1093.
[17]Dai,S.P.,Zhang,B.Wang,H.J.et al.(2010).Analysis on the spatio-temporal variation of grassland cover using SPOT NDVI in Qilian Mountains.Advances in Earth Science,(9),1075-1080.
[18]Yan,Y.,Wang,J.H.&Shi,J.Z.et al.(2010).Analysis on grassland resources and their deterioration situation on North Slope of Qilian Mountains.Pratacultural Science,27(7),24-29.
[19]Cheng,X.G.(2006).Structural character study of thrust belt in northern margin of Qilian Mountains(Doctoral thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[20]Wang,J.Y.,Che,K.J.&Yan,W.D.(1996).Analysis of the biodiversity in Qilian Mountains.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,(2),22-27.
[21]Chen,G.C.,Peng,M.&Huang,R.F.et al.(1994).Vegetation characteristics and its distribution of Qilian Mountainss Region.Bul etin of Botany,36(1),63-72.
[22]Huang D.Q.,Yu,L.&Zhang,Y.H.et al.(2011).bove-ground biomass and its relationship to soil moisture of Natural Grassland in the Northern Slopes of the Qilian Mountains.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(3),20-27.
[23]Li,K.H.,Wang,W.L.&Hu,Y.K.et al.(2008).Relationship between underground biomass and environmental factors in Alpine Grassland at different altitude.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,19(11),2364-2368.
[24]Xiao,X.M.,Chen,D.&Peng,Y.M.et al.(1996).Observation and modeling of plant biomass of meadow steppe in Tumugi,Xingan league,Inner Mongolia,China.Plant Ecology,127,191-201.
[25]Bai,Y.F.,Han,X.G.&Wu,J.G.et al.(2004).Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Nature,431,181-184.
[2]Guo,Z.S.&Shao,M.A.(2003).Oil water car r ying capacity of vegetation and soil desiccation in artificial forestry and grassland in semi-arid regions of the Loess Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica,23(8),1640-1647.
[3]Zhang,Q.Q.(2009).Study on dynamic change of soil moisture and vegetation growth in the Small Watershed of Diediegou of Liupan Mountainss(Master’s thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[4]Liu,J.,Liu,X.D.&Hou,L.M.(2012).Changes and ecological vulnerability of landscape pattern in eastern Qilian Mountainss.Arid Land Geography,35(5),795-805.
[5]Li,A.(2011).Study on the ecology mechanism of the relationship of artificial grassland community structure and productivity stability on the Tibetan Plateau(Doctoral thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[6]Li,Y.F.,Wang,J.L.&Zhu,J.X.(2016).Landscape pattern analysis of Mongolia based on the geographical partitions.Arid Land Geography,39(4),817-827.
[7]Zhang,P.L.,Chen,J.&Cui,S.J.et al.(2013).The community characteristics of different types of grassland under grazing prohibition condition.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(2),0425-0434.
[8]Zhou,H.B.,Shi,C.C.&Li,R.et al.(2009).Relationship among Terrain,Soil water and community structure in grass turning green period in Baiyu mountain of northern Shaanxi.Anhui Agricultural Sciences,(18),8653-8655.
[9]Ma,W.H.,Fang,J.Y.&Yang,Y.H.et al.(2010).Biomass dynamics of grassland in northern China and its relationship with climatic factors.Scientia Sinica,53,841-850.
[10]Wang,G.H.,Ren,J.Z.&Zhang,Z.H.(2002).Studies on the population diversity of plant community in Hexi mountain-oasis-desert area,Gansu,China.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,11(1),31-37.
[11]Chu,D.,Ji,Q.M.&Pu,C.(2007).Estimating grassland biomass in north Tibetan Plateau using EOS/MODIS.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,65(4),612-621.
[12]Wei,Y.L.,Xu,C.P.&Zhang,S.K.et al.(2008).Effects of climatic changes on biomass and ecoenvironments of natural grassland in Haibei region of Qinghai Province.Pratacultural Science,25(3),12-17.
[13]Fang,J.,Huang,X.D.&Wang,W.et al.(2011).The grassland biomass monitoring by remote sensing technology in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.Pratacultural Science,28(7),1345-1351.
[14]Liu,J.R.&Xie,X.R.(2002).The features of the alpine grassland in Qilian Mountains and Strategies for Sustain table development.Grassland and Turf,(2),15-18.
[15]Chang,X.X.,Zhao,W.Z.&Zhao,A.F.(2004).Species diversity of pasture community at different altitude levels in Qilian Mountains.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,15(9),1599-1603.
[16]Sheng,H.Y.,Zhang,C.P.&Cao,G.M.et al.(2009).Effect of grazing on soil environment of alpine meadow dominated by Potentilla froticosa shrub on Qilian Mountainss.Ecology and Environment,18(3),1088-1093.
[17]Dai,S.P.,Zhang,B.Wang,H.J.et al.(2010).Analysis on the spatio-temporal variation of grassland cover using SPOT NDVI in Qilian Mountains.Advances in Earth Science,(9),1075-1080.
[18]Yan,Y.,Wang,J.H.&Shi,J.Z.et al.(2010).Analysis on grassland resources and their deterioration situation on North Slope of Qilian Mountains.Pratacultural Science,27(7),24-29.
[19]Cheng,X.G.(2006).Structural character study of thrust belt in northern margin of Qilian Mountains(Doctoral thesis).Retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure.
[20]Wang,J.Y.,Che,K.J.&Yan,W.D.(1996).Analysis of the biodiversity in Qilian Mountains.Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,(2),22-27.
[21]Chen,G.C.,Peng,M.&Huang,R.F.et al.(1994).Vegetation characteristics and its distribution of Qilian Mountainss Region.Bul etin of Botany,36(1),63-72.
[22]Huang D.Q.,Yu,L.&Zhang,Y.H.et al.(2011).bove-ground biomass and its relationship to soil moisture of Natural Grassland in the Northern Slopes of the Qilian Mountains.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(3),20-27.
[23]Li,K.H.,Wang,W.L.&Hu,Y.K.et al.(2008).Relationship between underground biomass and environmental factors in Alpine Grassland at different altitude.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,19(11),2364-2368.
[24]Xiao,X.M.,Chen,D.&Peng,Y.M.et al.(1996).Observation and modeling of plant biomass of meadow steppe in Tumugi,Xingan league,Inner Mongolia,China.Plant Ecology,127,191-201.
[25]Bai,Y.F.,Han,X.G.&Wu,J.G.et al.(2004).Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Nature,431,181-184.