MYRF与中枢神经系统髓鞘发育
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摘要
在脊椎动物的中枢神经系统中,少突胶质细胞围绕神经元轴突形成髓鞘,使神经冲动可以沿轴突跳跃式快速传导.髓鞘的异常会导致多种神经系统疾病甚至引起死亡.MYRF作为一种转录因子,是目前已知的OLs分化和髓鞘维持的最关键调控因子之一,对MYRF的研究将是髓鞘发育和再生机制的重要内容.文章就近年来MYRF调控中枢神经系统髓鞘发育的研究进展进行了总结.
Myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes(OLs) around the neuron axons accelerates the conduction of nerve electrical impulses dozens of times in the central nervous system(CNS) of vertebrates. Anomalous myelination causes multiple neural diseases and even death. As a transcriptional factor, MYRF is one of the most important factors involved in OLs differentiation and myelin maintenance. The investigation of MYRF will be the key item to understand the mechanisms of myelination and remyelination. This paper summarizes the progresses about the regulation of CNS development by MYRF over the past decade.
Myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes(OLs) around the neuron axons accelerates the conduction of nerve electrical impulses dozens of times in the central nervous system(CNS) of vertebrates. Anomalous myelination causes multiple neural diseases and even death. As a transcriptional factor, MYRF is one of the most important factors involved in OLs differentiation and myelin maintenance. The investigation of MYRF will be the key item to understand the mechanisms of myelination and remyelination. This paper summarizes the progresses about the regulation of CNS development by MYRF over the past decade.
引文
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[26]MCKENZIE I A,OHAYON D,LI H L,et al.Motor skill learning requires active central myelination[J].Science,2014,346(6207):318-322.
[27]XIAO L,OHAYON D,MCKENZIE I A,et al.Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motorskill learning[J].Nature Neuroscience,2016,19(9):1210-1217.
[28]KIM D,CHOI J O,FAN C D,et al.Homo-trimerization is essential for the transcription factor function of Myrf for oligodendrocyte differentiation[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2017,45(9):5112-5125.
[29]MUHLENHOFF M,STUMMEYER K,GROVE M,et al.Proteolytic processing and oligomerization of bacteriophage-derived endosialidases[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(15):12634-12644.
[30]SCHWARZER D,STUMMEYER K,GERARDY-SCHAHN R,et al.Characterization of a novel intramolecular chaperone domain conserved in endosialidases and other bacteriophage tail spike and fiber proteins[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2007,282(5):2821-2831.
[31]XIANG Y,LEIMAN P G,LI L,et al.Crystallographic insights into the autocatalytic assembly mechanism of a bacteriophage tail spike[J].Molecular Cell,2009,34(3):375-386.
[32]LAMOUREUX J S,STUART D,TSANG R,et al.Structure of the sporulation-specific transcription factor Ndt80bound to DNA[J].EMBO Journal,2002,21(21):5721-5732.
[33]ZHEN X K,LI B W,HU F,et al.Crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of Myelin-gene regulatory factor[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):3668-3776.
[34]TURNESCU T,ARTER J,REIPRICH S,et al.Sox8and Sox10jointly maintain myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes[J].Glia,2018,66(2):279-294.
[2]FNFSCHILLING U,SUPPLIE L M,MAHAD D,et al.Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity[J].Nature,2012,485(7399):517-521.
[3]SAAB A S,TZVETAVONA I D,TREVISIOL A,et al.Oligodendroglial NMDA receptors regulate glucose import and axonal energy metabolism[J].Neuron,2016,91(1):119-132.
[4]ZUCHERO J B,BARRES B A.Glia in mammalian development and disease[J].Development,2015,142(22):3805-3809.
[5]KREMER D,GOETTLE P,HARTUNG H P,et al.Pushing forward:remyelination as the new frontier in CNS diseases[J].Trends in Neurosciences,2016,39(4):246-263.
[6]STOLT C C,REHBERG S,ADER M,et al.Terminal differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes depends on the transcription factor Sox10[J].Genes&Development,2002,16(2):165-170.
[7]ZHU Q,ZHAO X F,ZHENG K,et al.Genetic evidence that Nkx2.2and Pdgfra are major determinants of the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation in the developing CNS[J].Development,2014,141(3):548-555.
[8]WENG Q J,CHEN Y,WANG H B,et al.Dual-mode modulation of Smad signaling by Smad-interacting protein Sip1is required for myelination in the central nervous system[J].Neuron,2012,73(4):713-728.
[9]HAMMOND E,LANG J,MAEDA Y,et al.The Wnt effector transcription factor 7-like 2positively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation in a manner independent of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling[J].Journal of Neuroscience,2015,35(12):5007-5022.
[10]EMERY B,AGALLIU D,CAHOY J D,et al.Myelin gene regulatory factor is a critical transcriptional regulator required for CNSmyelination[J].Cell,2009,138(1):172-185.
[11]LI Z H,PARK Y,MARCOTTE E.A bacteriophage tailspike domain promotes self-cleavage of a human membrane-bound transcription factor,the myelin regulatory factor MYRF[J].PLOS Biology,2013,11(8):e1001624.
[12]BUJALKA H,K?NNING M,JACKSON S L,et al.MYRF is a membrane-associated transcription factor that autoproteolytically cleaves to directly activate myelin genes[J].PLOS Biology,2013,11(8):e1001625.
[13]LI H L,RICHARDSON W D.Evolution of the CNS myelin gene regulatory program[J].Brain Research,2016,1641(Pt A):111-121.
[14]RUSSEL S,FRAND A R,RUVKUN G.Regulation of the C.elegans molt by pqn-47[J].Developmental Biology,2011,360(2):297-309.
[15]MENG J,MA X X,TAO H P,et al.Myrf ER-bound transcription factors drive C.elegans synaptic plasticity via cleavage-dependent nuclear translocation[J].Developmental Cell,2017,41(2):180-194.
[16]KOENNING M,JACKSON S,HAY C M,et al.Myelin gene regulatory factor is required for maintenance of myelin and mature oligodendrocyte identity in the adult CNS[J].The Journal of Neuroscience,2012,32(36):12528-12542.
[17]MEIJER D H,KANE M F,MEHTA S,et al.Separated at birth?The functional and molecular divergence of OLIG1and OLIG2[J].Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2012,13(12):819-831.
[18]HORNIG J,FRB F,VOGL M R,et al.The transcription factors Sox10and Myrf define an essential regulatory network module in differentiating oligodendrocytes[J].PLOS Genetics,2013,9(10):e1003907.
[19]WEIDER M,WEGNER M.SoxE factors:transcriptional regulators of neural differentiation and nervous system development[J].Seminars in Cell&Developmental Biology,2017,63:35-42.
[20]FINZSCH M,SCHREINER S,KICHKO T,et al.Sox10is required for Schwann cell identity and progression beyond the immature Schwann cell stage[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2010,189(4):701-712.
[21]REIPRICH S,KRIESCH J,SCHREINER S,et al.Activation of Krox20gene expression by Sox10in myelinating Schwann cells[J].Journal of Neurochemistry,2010,112(3):744-754.
[22]TOPILKO P,SCHNEIDER-MAUNOURY S,LEVI G,et al.Krox20controls myelination in the peripheral nervous system[J].Nature,1994,371(6500):796-799.
[23]EMERY B.Playing the field:Sox10recruits different partners to drive central and peripheral myelination[J].PLOS Genetics,2013,9(10):e1003918.
[24]DUNCAN G J,PLEMEL J R,ASSINCK P,et al.Myelin regulatory factor drives remyelination in multiple sclerosis[J].Acta Neuropathologica,2017,134(3):403-422.
[25]HUANG B,WEI W J,WANG G H,et al.Mutant huntingtin downregulates myelin regulatory factor-mediated myelin gene expression and affects mature oligodendrocytes[J].Neuron,2015,85(6):1212-1226.
[26]MCKENZIE I A,OHAYON D,LI H L,et al.Motor skill learning requires active central myelination[J].Science,2014,346(6207):318-322.
[27]XIAO L,OHAYON D,MCKENZIE I A,et al.Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motorskill learning[J].Nature Neuroscience,2016,19(9):1210-1217.
[28]KIM D,CHOI J O,FAN C D,et al.Homo-trimerization is essential for the transcription factor function of Myrf for oligodendrocyte differentiation[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2017,45(9):5112-5125.
[29]MUHLENHOFF M,STUMMEYER K,GROVE M,et al.Proteolytic processing and oligomerization of bacteriophage-derived endosialidases[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(15):12634-12644.
[30]SCHWARZER D,STUMMEYER K,GERARDY-SCHAHN R,et al.Characterization of a novel intramolecular chaperone domain conserved in endosialidases and other bacteriophage tail spike and fiber proteins[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2007,282(5):2821-2831.
[31]XIANG Y,LEIMAN P G,LI L,et al.Crystallographic insights into the autocatalytic assembly mechanism of a bacteriophage tail spike[J].Molecular Cell,2009,34(3):375-386.
[32]LAMOUREUX J S,STUART D,TSANG R,et al.Structure of the sporulation-specific transcription factor Ndt80bound to DNA[J].EMBO Journal,2002,21(21):5721-5732.
[33]ZHEN X K,LI B W,HU F,et al.Crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of Myelin-gene regulatory factor[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):3668-3776.
[34]TURNESCU T,ARTER J,REIPRICH S,et al.Sox8and Sox10jointly maintain myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes[J].Glia,2018,66(2):279-294.
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