美国化学品危险性预测技术的发展及启示
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摘要
为促进快速识别并预测化学品危险性,针对化学品政策影响、预测模型和工具开发等方面,研究美国化学品危险性预测技术的发展,分析我国化学品危险性预测技术的现状,探讨我国在该方面的差距及改进措施。结果表明:化学品危险性数据库是危险性预测技术的基础,针对不同化学品危险性类别和待评估物种种类开发预测模型有利于提高预测数据准确度;结合我国化学品安全监管需求,完善相关法规标准,并建立便于公众获取数据和预测工具的平台,是促进我国化学品危险性预测技术发展的重要途径。
In order to promote prediction of the hazardousness of a given chemical rapidly, the development of chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in the United States was studied in terms of chemical policy impact, prediction models and tools, and the gap in chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in China was discussed too. The results show that chemicals hazardousness data bases are the foundation of prediction technology, that building prediction models according to chemical hazard categories and characteristics of biological species to be evaluated, improving relevant regulations and standards of chemical prediction technology in combination with national chemical safety supervision requirements, and creating ways and means of facilitating public access to the data and prediction tools are important methods for promoting the development of chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in China.
In order to promote prediction of the hazardousness of a given chemical rapidly, the development of chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in the United States was studied in terms of chemical policy impact, prediction models and tools, and the gap in chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in China was discussed too. The results show that chemicals hazardousness data bases are the foundation of prediction technology, that building prediction models according to chemical hazard categories and characteristics of biological species to be evaluated, improving relevant regulations and standards of chemical prediction technology in combination with national chemical safety supervision requirements, and creating ways and means of facilitating public access to the data and prediction tools are important methods for promoting the development of chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in China.
引文
[1] 刘克俭,赵小进. 美国化学品安全法案研究[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2013, 36 (5): 155-158.LIU Kejian,ZHAO Xiaojin. Research on safe chemicals act of the United States [J]. Coal and Chemical Industry, 2013, 36 (5): 155-158.
[2] 中华人民共和国国务院. 危险化学品安全管理条例[L]. 2011- 03-02.
[3] 国家安全生产监督管理总局. 危险化学品目录(2015版)实施指南(试行)[L]. 2015- 08-19.
[4] 张向上. 海运危险品6W监管模型的研究与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27 (3): 147-151.ZHANG Xiangshang. Research on safety supervision mechanism of maritime dangerous goods based on 6W model [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27 (3): 147-151.
[5] 陈伟珂,张欣. 危化品储运火灾爆炸事故多因素耦合动力学关系[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27 (6): 49-54.CHEN Weike, ZHANG Xin. Dynamic relationship between multi coupling risk factors of hazardous chemical storage and transportation fire and explosion accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27 (6): 49-54.
[6] 杨春笋, 张宏哲, 谢传欣,等. 化学品危险性鉴别分类研究的现状与展望[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2009, 19 (3): 67-71.YANG Chunsun, ZHANG Hongzhe, XIE Chuanxin, et al. Progress and prospect in the identification and classification of chemicals' hazard [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2009, 19 (3): 67-71.
[7] California Department of Toxic Substances Control. California safer consumer products act [L]. 2013-10-01.
[8] U.S. Congress Government. The Frank R Lautenberg chemical safety for the 21st century act - law & summary information [L]. 2016-06-22.
[9] California Department of Toxic Substances Control. California proposition 65 list [L]. 1986-11-01.
[10] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. 新化学物质申报登记指南[L]. 2010-09-01.
[11] GB 30000.28—2013, 化学品分类和标签规范第28部分:对水生环境的危害[S].GB 30000.28-2013, Rules for classification and labelling of chemicals-part 28:hazardous to aquatic environment[S].
[2] 中华人民共和国国务院. 危险化学品安全管理条例[L]. 2011- 03-02.
[3] 国家安全生产监督管理总局. 危险化学品目录(2015版)实施指南(试行)[L]. 2015- 08-19.
[4] 张向上. 海运危险品6W监管模型的研究与应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27 (3): 147-151.ZHANG Xiangshang. Research on safety supervision mechanism of maritime dangerous goods based on 6W model [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27 (3): 147-151.
[5] 陈伟珂,张欣. 危化品储运火灾爆炸事故多因素耦合动力学关系[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27 (6): 49-54.CHEN Weike, ZHANG Xin. Dynamic relationship between multi coupling risk factors of hazardous chemical storage and transportation fire and explosion accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27 (6): 49-54.
[6] 杨春笋, 张宏哲, 谢传欣,等. 化学品危险性鉴别分类研究的现状与展望[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2009, 19 (3): 67-71.YANG Chunsun, ZHANG Hongzhe, XIE Chuanxin, et al. Progress and prospect in the identification and classification of chemicals' hazard [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2009, 19 (3): 67-71.
[7] California Department of Toxic Substances Control. California safer consumer products act [L]. 2013-10-01.
[8] U.S. Congress Government. The Frank R Lautenberg chemical safety for the 21st century act - law & summary information [L]. 2016-06-22.
[9] California Department of Toxic Substances Control. California proposition 65 list [L]. 1986-11-01.
[10] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. 新化学物质申报登记指南[L]. 2010-09-01.
[11] GB 30000.28—2013, 化学品分类和标签规范第28部分:对水生环境的危害[S].GB 30000.28-2013, Rules for classification and labelling of chemicals-part 28:hazardous to aquatic environment[S].