Numerical simulation of mud-flows impacting structures
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摘要
The study of the interaction of mud-flows with obstacles is important to define inundation zones in urban areas and to design the possible structural countermeasures. The paper numerically investigates the impact of a mud-flow on rigid obstacles to evaluate the force acting on them using two different depth-integrated theoretical models, Single-Phase Model(SPM) and Two-Phase Model(TPM), to compare their performance and limits. In the first one the water-sediment mixture is represented as a homogeneous continuum described by a shearthinning power-law rheology. Alternatively, the twophase model proposed by Di Cristo et al in 2016 is used, which separately accounts for the liquid and solid phases. The considered test cases are represented by a 1D landslide flowing on a steep slope impacting on a rigid wall and a 2D mud dam-break flowing on a horizontal bottom in presence of single and multiple rigid obstacles. In the 1D test case, characterized by a very steep slope, the Two-Phase Model predicts the separation between the two phases with a significant longitudinal variation of the solid concentration. In this case the results indicate appreciable differences between the two models in the estimation of both the wave celerity and the magnitude of the impact, with an overestimation of the peak force when using the Single-Phase Model. In the 2D test-cases, where the liquid and solid phases remain mixed, even if the flow fields predicted by the two models present some differences, the essential features of the interaction with the obstacles, along with the maximum impact force, are comparable.
The study of the interaction of mud-flows with obstacles is important to define inundation zones in urban areas and to design the possible structural countermeasures. The paper numerically investigates the impact of a mud-flow on rigid obstacles to evaluate the force acting on them using two different depth-integrated theoretical models, Single-Phase Model(SPM) and Two-Phase Model(TPM), to compare their performance and limits. In the first one the water-sediment mixture is represented as a homogeneous continuum described by a shearthinning power-law rheology. Alternatively, the twophase model proposed by Di Cristo et al in 2016 is used, which separately accounts for the liquid and solid phases. The considered test cases are represented by a 1D landslide flowing on a steep slope impacting on a rigid wall and a 2D mud dam-break flowing on a horizontal bottom in presence of single and multiple rigid obstacles. In the 1D test case, characterized by a very steep slope, the Two-Phase Model predicts the separation between the two phases with a significant longitudinal variation of the solid concentration. In this case the results indicate appreciable differences between the two models in the estimation of both the wave celerity and the magnitude of the impact, with an overestimation of the peak force when using the Single-Phase Model. In the 2D test-cases, where the liquid and solid phases remain mixed, even if the flow fields predicted by the two models present some differences, the essential features of the interaction with the obstacles, along with the maximum impact force, are comparable.
The study of the interaction of mud-flows with obstacles is important to define inundation zones in urban areas and to design the possible structural countermeasures. The paper numerically investigates the impact of a mud-flow on rigid obstacles to evaluate the force acting on them using two different depth-integrated theoretical models, Single-Phase Model(SPM) and Two-Phase Model(TPM), to compare their performance and limits. In the first one the water-sediment mixture is represented as a homogeneous continuum described by a shearthinning power-law rheology. Alternatively, the twophase model proposed by Di Cristo et al in 2016 is used, which separately accounts for the liquid and solid phases. The considered test cases are represented by a 1D landslide flowing on a steep slope impacting on a rigid wall and a 2D mud dam-break flowing on a horizontal bottom in presence of single and multiple rigid obstacles. In the 1D test case, characterized by a very steep slope, the Two-Phase Model predicts the separation between the two phases with a significant longitudinal variation of the solid concentration. In this case the results indicate appreciable differences between the two models in the estimation of both the wave celerity and the magnitude of the impact, with an overestimation of the peak force when using the Single-Phase Model. In the 2D test-cases, where the liquid and solid phases remain mixed, even if the flow fields predicted by the two models present some differences, the essential features of the interaction with the obstacles, along with the maximum impact force, are comparable.
引文
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Chiou MC,Wang Y,Hutter K(2005)Influence of obstacles on rapid granular flows.Acta Mechanica 175:195-122.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-004-0208-9
Coussot P(1994)Steady,laminar,flow of concentrated mud suspensions in open channel.Journal of Hydraulic Research 32(4):535-559.https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.1994.9728354
Cui P,Gray JMNT(2013)Gravity driven granular free-surace flow around a circular cylinder.Journal of Fluid Mechanics 720:314-337.https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.42
Cui P,Hu K,Zhuang J,et al.(2011)Prediction of debris-flow area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods.Journal of Mountain Science 8:1-9.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-2040-8
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Di Cristo C,Iervolino M,Vacca A(2014)Simplified wave models applicability to shallow mud flows modeled as power-law fluids.Journal of Mountain Sciences 19:956-965.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3065-6
Di Cristo C,Greco M,Iervolino M,Leopardi A,Vacca A(2016)Twodimensional two-phase depth-integrated model for transients over mobile bed.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 142(2),04015043.https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001024
Di Cristo C,Iervolino M,Vacca A(2018a)Applicability of kinematic and diffusive models for mud flows:a steady state analysis.Journal of Hydrology 559:585-595.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.02.016
Di Cristo C,Evangelista S,Iervolino M,et al.(2018b)Dam-break waves over an erodible embankment:experiments and simulations Journal of Hydraulic Research 56(2):196-210.https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2017.1313322
Dressler RF(1952)Hydraulic resistance effect upon the dam-break functions.Journal of Research of the National Bureau Standards49(3):217-225.
Evangelista S,Greco M,Iervolino M,et al.(2015)A new algorithm for bank-failure mechanisms in 2D morphodynamic models with unstructured grids.International Journal of Sediment Research30(4):382-391.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2014.11.003
Faug T(2015)Depth-average analytical solution for free-surface granular flow impacting rigid walls down inclines.Physical Review E 92(6).https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.9292.062310
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