生物质炭介导生防微生物抑制辣椒疫霉的作用
|
摘要
生物质炭可有效防控土传病害,筛选并鉴定出生物质炭介导下的生防微生物,可为研究生物质炭防病机理和强化生物质炭防病效果提供理论依据。本研究首先进行秸秆生物质炭防控辣椒疫病盆栽试验,利用定量PCR和平板计数明确生物质炭在防控辣椒疫病时可富集的已知生防微生物,再通过选择性培养基初筛和定殖复筛筛选出生物质炭可富集的潜在生防微生物菌株,最后研究各菌株在土壤中对辣椒疫霉的抑制作用。结果表明,秸秆生物质炭使根际辣椒疫霉数量显著降低95.1%、辣椒疫病发生率显著降低91.1%,并使具有生防功能的木霉菌、青霉菌、曲霉菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和鞘氨醇单胞菌数量显著增加2.22倍、4.09倍、3.89倍、2.45倍、1.45倍和1.30倍。通过平板初筛得到可能被生物质炭富集的22株潜在生防菌株。定殖复筛剔除部分假性生物质炭介导菌株,获得可明确被生物质炭富集的2株木霉菌、3株青霉菌、2株曲霉菌、3株芽孢杆菌、3株假单胞菌、3株链霉菌和2株鞘氨醇单胞菌。木霉菌(TR1和TR3)、青霉菌(PE1)、曲霉菌(AS1和AS2)、芽孢杆菌(BA1、BA2和BA3)、假单胞菌(PS1和PS3)、链霉菌(ST1、ST4和ST5)13个菌株可显著削减土壤辣椒疫霉数量。其中,所有木霉菌和曲霉菌菌株(TR1、TR3、AS1和AS2)及芽孢杆菌(BA1和BA2)、假单胞菌(PS1和PS3)和链霉菌(ST1)9个菌株与生物质炭具有显著的协同抑制辣椒疫霉效果。因此,防控辣椒疫病时,木霉菌、曲霉菌、芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和链霉菌是生物质炭介导下的主要防病微生物。
Biochar is known to effectively control the Phytophthora blight of pepper. To further understand the mechanisms of biochar-mediated disease control, we screened the biochar-enriched beneficial microorganisms and evaluated their antagonistic activities against Phytophthora capsici. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of straw biochar on the control of Phytophthora blight. Both qPCR and dilution-plate methods were used to identify the biochar-enriched biocontrol microorganisms in rhizosphere soils. Potential antagonistic strains, which were biochar-enriched, were screened using the selective isolation method and rhizosphere colonization assay, after which their antagonistic activity against P. capsici in soil was determined. The results showed that biochar amendment could significantly reduce the abundance of P. capsici and severity of the Phytophthora blight of pepper by 95.1% and 91.1%, respectively. In addition, biochar amendment significantly increased the abundances of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas by 2.22, 4.09, 3.89, 2.45,1.45, and 1.30 times, respectively. Twenty-two potential biocontrol strains that can be enriched by biochar were screened from biochar-amended rhizosphere soils using the selective isolation method. Comparing the colonization between the biochar-amended and control rhizosphere soils, two strains of Trichoderma, three strains of Penicillium, two strains of Aspergillus,three strains of Bacillus, three strains of Pseudomonas, three strains of Streptomyces, and two strains of Sphingomonas were confirmed to be enriched by biochar. Trichoderma(TR1 and TR3), Penicillium(PE1), Aspergillus(AS1 and AS2), Bacillus(BA1, BA2, and BA3), Pseudomonas(PS1 and PS3), and Streptomyces(ST1, ST4, and ST5) strains could significantly reduce the abundance of P. capsici in the soil. Among these antagonistic stains, Trichoderma(TR1 and TR3), Aspergillus(AS1 and AS2), Bacillus(BA1 and BA2), Pseudomonas(PS1 and PS3), and Streptomyces(ST1) strains in synergism with biochar facilitated a significant increase in the inhibition of P. capsici. Thus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces enriched by biochar might play an import role in the suppression of Phytophthora blight of pepper under biochar amendment.
Biochar is known to effectively control the Phytophthora blight of pepper. To further understand the mechanisms of biochar-mediated disease control, we screened the biochar-enriched beneficial microorganisms and evaluated their antagonistic activities against Phytophthora capsici. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of straw biochar on the control of Phytophthora blight. Both qPCR and dilution-plate methods were used to identify the biochar-enriched biocontrol microorganisms in rhizosphere soils. Potential antagonistic strains, which were biochar-enriched, were screened using the selective isolation method and rhizosphere colonization assay, after which their antagonistic activity against P. capsici in soil was determined. The results showed that biochar amendment could significantly reduce the abundance of P. capsici and severity of the Phytophthora blight of pepper by 95.1% and 91.1%, respectively. In addition, biochar amendment significantly increased the abundances of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Sphingomonas by 2.22, 4.09, 3.89, 2.45,1.45, and 1.30 times, respectively. Twenty-two potential biocontrol strains that can be enriched by biochar were screened from biochar-amended rhizosphere soils using the selective isolation method. Comparing the colonization between the biochar-amended and control rhizosphere soils, two strains of Trichoderma, three strains of Penicillium, two strains of Aspergillus,three strains of Bacillus, three strains of Pseudomonas, three strains of Streptomyces, and two strains of Sphingomonas were confirmed to be enriched by biochar. Trichoderma(TR1 and TR3), Penicillium(PE1), Aspergillus(AS1 and AS2), Bacillus(BA1, BA2, and BA3), Pseudomonas(PS1 and PS3), and Streptomyces(ST1, ST4, and ST5) strains could significantly reduce the abundance of P. capsici in the soil. Among these antagonistic stains, Trichoderma(TR1 and TR3), Aspergillus(AS1 and AS2), Bacillus(BA1 and BA2), Pseudomonas(PS1 and PS3), and Streptomyces(ST1) strains in synergism with biochar facilitated a significant increase in the inhibition of P. capsici. Thus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces enriched by biochar might play an import role in the suppression of Phytophthora blight of pepper under biochar amendment.
引文
[1]XIE T,REDDY K R,WANG C W,et al.Characteristics and applications of biochar for environmental remediation:A review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2015,45(9):939-969
[2]KAVITHA B,REDDY P V L,KIM B,et al.Benefits and limitations of biochar amendment in agricultural soils:A review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,227:146-154
[3]LAGHARI M,NAIDU R,XIAO B,et al.Recent developments in biochar as an effective tool for agricultural soil management:A review[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2016,96(15):4840-4849
[4]LUO S S,WANG S J,TIAN L,et al.Long-term biochar application influences soil microbial community and its potential roles in semiarid farmland[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,117/118:10-15
[5]JAISWAL A K,FRENKEL O,ELAD Y,et al.Non-monotonic influence of biochar dose on bean seedling growth and susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani:The“Shifted Rmax-Effect”[J].Plant and Soil,2015,395(1/2):125-140
[6]BONANOMI G,LORITO M,VINALE F,et al.Organic amendments,beneficial microbes,and soil microbiota:Toward a unified framework for disease suppression[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2018,56:1-20
[7]ZHANG C S,LIN Y,TIAN X Y,et al.Tobacco bacterial wilt suppression with biochar soil addition associates to improved soil physiochemical properties and increased rhizosphere bacteria abundance[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,112:90-96
[8]JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,PAUDEL I,et al.Linking the belowground microbial composition,diversity and activity to soilborne disease suppression and growth promotion of tomato amended with biochar[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44382
[9]FRENKEL O,JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,et al.The effect of biochar on plant diseases:What should we learn while designing biochar substrates?[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management,2017,25(2):105-113
[10]GRABER E R,FRENKEL O,JAISWAL A K,et al.How may biochar influence severity of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens?[J].Carbon Management,2014,5(2):169-183
[11]KUMAR A,ELAD Y,TSECHANSKY L,et al.Biochar potential in intensive cultivation of Capsicum annuum L.(sweet pepper):Crop yield and plant protection[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(2):495-503
[12]王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-215WANG G F,MA Y,GUO D J,et al.Application-rate-dependent effects of straw biochar on control of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper and soil properties[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(1):204-215
[13]VECSTAUDZA D,GRANTINA-IEVINA L,MAKARENKOVAG,et al.The impact of wood-derived biochar on the survival of Trichoderma spp.and growth of Secale cereale L.in sandy soil[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2018,28(4):341-358
[14]ELMER W H,PIGNATELLO J J.Effect of biochar amendments on mycorrhizal associations and Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus in replant soils[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(8):960-966
[15]WANG Q J,MA Y,WANG G F,et al.Integration of biofumigation with antagonistic microorganism can control Phytophthora blight of pepper plants by regulating soil bacterial community structure[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,61:58-67
[16]DRIGO B,VAN VEEN J A,KOWALCHUK G A.Specific rhizosphere bacterial and fungal groups respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2[J].The ISME Journal,2009,3(10):1204-1217
[17]KETTLESON E,KUMAR S,REPONEN T,et al.Stenotrophomonas,Mycobacterium,and Streptomyces in home dust and air:Associations with moldiness and other home/family characteristics[J].Indoor Air,2013,23(5):387-396
[18]SHI S J,BENDING G D.Changes to the structure of Sphingomonas spp.communities associated with biodegradation of the herbicide isoproturon in soil[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2007,269(1):110-116
[19]GRABER E R,HAREL Y M,KOLTON M,et al.Biochar impact on development and productivity of pepper and tomato grown in fertigated soilless media[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1/2):481-496
[20]CONN K L,LECI E,KRITZMAN G,et al.A quantitative method for determining soil populations of Streptomyces and differentiating potential potato scab-inducing strains[J].Plant Disease,1998,82(6):631-638
[21]YIM M S,YAU Y C W,MATLOW A,et al.A novel selective growth medium-PCR assay to isolate and detect Sphingomonas in environmental samples[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,2010,82(1):19-27
[22]PANDEY V,SHUKLA A,KUMAR J.Physiological and molecular signalling involved in disease management through Trichoderma:An effective biocontrol paradigm[M]//KUMARP,KUMAR V,KUMAR A,et al.Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices.Cham:Springer,2016:317-346
[23]马云艳,徐万里,唐光木,等.生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):400-409MA Y Y,XU W L,TANG G M,et al.Effect of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(3):400-409
[24]SREEVIDYA M,GOPALAKRISHNAN S.Bacillus and Streptomyces spp.as potential biocontrol agents to control soil-borne pathogens of Chickpea and Sorghum[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2013,43(S1):520
[25]SANG M K,KIM K D.Biocontrol activity and root colonization by Pseudomonas corrugata strains CCR04 and CCR80against Phytophthora blight of pepper[J].Biocontrol,2014,59(4):437-448
[26]ZHANG M J,LI J L,SHEN A R,et al.Isolation and identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IBFCBF-1 with potential for biological control of Phytophthora blight and growth promotion of pepper[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2016,164(11/12):1012-1021
[27]SUKWEENADHI J,KIM Y J,KANG C H,et al.Sphingomonas panaciterrae sp.nov.,a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field[J].Archives of Microbiology,2015,197(8):973-981
[28]ANYIKA C,MAJID Z A,IBRAHIM Z,et al.The impact of biochars on sorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils-A review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(5):3314-3341
[29]KHODADAD C L M,ZIMMERMAN A R,GREEN S J,et al.Taxa-specific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon amendments[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(2):385-392
[30]O'NEILL B,GROSSMAN J,TSAI M T,et al.Bacterial community composition in Brazilian Anthrosols and adjacent soils characterized using culturing and molecular identification[J].Microbial Ecology,2009,58(1):23-25
[31]KOLTON M,GRABER E R,TSEHANSKY L,et al.Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere[J].New Phytologist,2017,213(3):1393-1404
[32]LARENA I,VáZQUEZ G,DE CAL A,et al.Ecophysiological requirements on growth and survival of the biocontrol agent Penicillium oxalicum 212 in different sterile soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,78:18-27
[33]WANG H,ZHAO X H,LIU C Y,et al.Effects of the biocontrol agent Aspergillus flavipes on the soil microflora and soil enzymes in the rooting zone of pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2015,163(7/8):513-521
[34]JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,CYTRYN E,et al.Activating biochar by manipulating the bacterial and fungal microbiome through pre-conditioning[J].New Phytologist,2018,219(1):363-377
[35]戚鑫,陈晓明,肖诗琦,等.生物炭固定化微生物对U、Cd污染土壤的原位钝化修复[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(8):1683-1689QI X,CHEN X M,XIAO S Q,et al.In situ remediation of U-and Cd-contaminated soils by immobilized microorganisms and biochar[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(8):1683-1689
[36]袁敏,刘晓冰,唐美珍,等.生物炭固定菌强化人工湿地对低温污水中氮素去除的模拟研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(5):463-468YUAN M,LIU X B,TANG M Z,et al.Study on removal of nitrogen from low temperature sewage by Pseudomonas flava WD-3 immobilized biochar in constructed wetland[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(5):463-468
[37]TAO S Y,WU Z S,WEI M M,et al.Bacillus subtilis SL-13biochar formulation promotes pepper plant growth and soil improvement[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2019,doi:10.1139/cjm-2018-0333
[38]孙琪然,徐燕,相立,等.生物炭和菌肥的混合使用对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(8):52-59SUN Q R,XU Y,XIANG L,et al.Effects of a mixture of bacterial manure and biochar on soil environment and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis seedlings[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(8):52-59
[2]KAVITHA B,REDDY P V L,KIM B,et al.Benefits and limitations of biochar amendment in agricultural soils:A review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,227:146-154
[3]LAGHARI M,NAIDU R,XIAO B,et al.Recent developments in biochar as an effective tool for agricultural soil management:A review[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2016,96(15):4840-4849
[4]LUO S S,WANG S J,TIAN L,et al.Long-term biochar application influences soil microbial community and its potential roles in semiarid farmland[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,117/118:10-15
[5]JAISWAL A K,FRENKEL O,ELAD Y,et al.Non-monotonic influence of biochar dose on bean seedling growth and susceptibility to Rhizoctonia solani:The“Shifted Rmax-Effect”[J].Plant and Soil,2015,395(1/2):125-140
[6]BONANOMI G,LORITO M,VINALE F,et al.Organic amendments,beneficial microbes,and soil microbiota:Toward a unified framework for disease suppression[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2018,56:1-20
[7]ZHANG C S,LIN Y,TIAN X Y,et al.Tobacco bacterial wilt suppression with biochar soil addition associates to improved soil physiochemical properties and increased rhizosphere bacteria abundance[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2017,112:90-96
[8]JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,PAUDEL I,et al.Linking the belowground microbial composition,diversity and activity to soilborne disease suppression and growth promotion of tomato amended with biochar[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44382
[9]FRENKEL O,JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,et al.The effect of biochar on plant diseases:What should we learn while designing biochar substrates?[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management,2017,25(2):105-113
[10]GRABER E R,FRENKEL O,JAISWAL A K,et al.How may biochar influence severity of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens?[J].Carbon Management,2014,5(2):169-183
[11]KUMAR A,ELAD Y,TSECHANSKY L,et al.Biochar potential in intensive cultivation of Capsicum annuum L.(sweet pepper):Crop yield and plant protection[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(2):495-503
[12]王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-215WANG G F,MA Y,GUO D J,et al.Application-rate-dependent effects of straw biochar on control of Phytophthora blight of chilli pepper and soil properties[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(1):204-215
[13]VECSTAUDZA D,GRANTINA-IEVINA L,MAKARENKOVAG,et al.The impact of wood-derived biochar on the survival of Trichoderma spp.and growth of Secale cereale L.in sandy soil[J].Biocontrol Science and Technology,2018,28(4):341-358
[14]ELMER W H,PIGNATELLO J J.Effect of biochar amendments on mycorrhizal associations and Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus in replant soils[J].Plant Disease,2011,95(8):960-966
[15]WANG Q J,MA Y,WANG G F,et al.Integration of biofumigation with antagonistic microorganism can control Phytophthora blight of pepper plants by regulating soil bacterial community structure[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,61:58-67
[16]DRIGO B,VAN VEEN J A,KOWALCHUK G A.Specific rhizosphere bacterial and fungal groups respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2[J].The ISME Journal,2009,3(10):1204-1217
[17]KETTLESON E,KUMAR S,REPONEN T,et al.Stenotrophomonas,Mycobacterium,and Streptomyces in home dust and air:Associations with moldiness and other home/family characteristics[J].Indoor Air,2013,23(5):387-396
[18]SHI S J,BENDING G D.Changes to the structure of Sphingomonas spp.communities associated with biodegradation of the herbicide isoproturon in soil[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2007,269(1):110-116
[19]GRABER E R,HAREL Y M,KOLTON M,et al.Biochar impact on development and productivity of pepper and tomato grown in fertigated soilless media[J].Plant and Soil,2010,337(1/2):481-496
[20]CONN K L,LECI E,KRITZMAN G,et al.A quantitative method for determining soil populations of Streptomyces and differentiating potential potato scab-inducing strains[J].Plant Disease,1998,82(6):631-638
[21]YIM M S,YAU Y C W,MATLOW A,et al.A novel selective growth medium-PCR assay to isolate and detect Sphingomonas in environmental samples[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,2010,82(1):19-27
[22]PANDEY V,SHUKLA A,KUMAR J.Physiological and molecular signalling involved in disease management through Trichoderma:An effective biocontrol paradigm[M]//KUMARP,KUMAR V,KUMAR A,et al.Current Trends in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Management Practices.Cham:Springer,2016:317-346
[23]马云艳,徐万里,唐光木,等.生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(3):400-409MA Y Y,XU W L,TANG G M,et al.Effect of cotton stalk biochar application on soil microflora of continuous cotton cropping under use of antagonistic actinomycetes[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(3):400-409
[24]SREEVIDYA M,GOPALAKRISHNAN S.Bacillus and Streptomyces spp.as potential biocontrol agents to control soil-borne pathogens of Chickpea and Sorghum[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,2013,43(S1):520
[25]SANG M K,KIM K D.Biocontrol activity and root colonization by Pseudomonas corrugata strains CCR04 and CCR80against Phytophthora blight of pepper[J].Biocontrol,2014,59(4):437-448
[26]ZHANG M J,LI J L,SHEN A R,et al.Isolation and identification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IBFCBF-1 with potential for biological control of Phytophthora blight and growth promotion of pepper[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2016,164(11/12):1012-1021
[27]SUKWEENADHI J,KIM Y J,KANG C H,et al.Sphingomonas panaciterrae sp.nov.,a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field[J].Archives of Microbiology,2015,197(8):973-981
[28]ANYIKA C,MAJID Z A,IBRAHIM Z,et al.The impact of biochars on sorption and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils-A review[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(5):3314-3341
[29]KHODADAD C L M,ZIMMERMAN A R,GREEN S J,et al.Taxa-specific changes in soil microbial community composition induced by pyrogenic carbon amendments[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(2):385-392
[30]O'NEILL B,GROSSMAN J,TSAI M T,et al.Bacterial community composition in Brazilian Anthrosols and adjacent soils characterized using culturing and molecular identification[J].Microbial Ecology,2009,58(1):23-25
[31]KOLTON M,GRABER E R,TSEHANSKY L,et al.Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere[J].New Phytologist,2017,213(3):1393-1404
[32]LARENA I,VáZQUEZ G,DE CAL A,et al.Ecophysiological requirements on growth and survival of the biocontrol agent Penicillium oxalicum 212 in different sterile soils[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,78:18-27
[33]WANG H,ZHAO X H,LIU C Y,et al.Effects of the biocontrol agent Aspergillus flavipes on the soil microflora and soil enzymes in the rooting zone of pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici[J].Journal of Phytopathology,2015,163(7/8):513-521
[34]JAISWAL A K,ELAD Y,CYTRYN E,et al.Activating biochar by manipulating the bacterial and fungal microbiome through pre-conditioning[J].New Phytologist,2018,219(1):363-377
[35]戚鑫,陈晓明,肖诗琦,等.生物炭固定化微生物对U、Cd污染土壤的原位钝化修复[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(8):1683-1689QI X,CHEN X M,XIAO S Q,et al.In situ remediation of U-and Cd-contaminated soils by immobilized microorganisms and biochar[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(8):1683-1689
[36]袁敏,刘晓冰,唐美珍,等.生物炭固定菌强化人工湿地对低温污水中氮素去除的模拟研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(5):463-468YUAN M,LIU X B,TANG M Z,et al.Study on removal of nitrogen from low temperature sewage by Pseudomonas flava WD-3 immobilized biochar in constructed wetland[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(5):463-468
[37]TAO S Y,WU Z S,WEI M M,et al.Bacillus subtilis SL-13biochar formulation promotes pepper plant growth and soil improvement[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2019,doi:10.1139/cjm-2018-0333
[38]孙琪然,徐燕,相立,等.生物炭和菌肥的混合使用对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(8):52-59SUN Q R,XU Y,XIANG L,et al.Effects of a mixture of bacterial manure and biochar on soil environment and physiological characteristics of Malus hupehensis seedlings[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(8):52-59