电荷调节剂的研究现状与进展
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摘要
电荷调节剂(charge control agent,CCA)作为一种重要的改变墨粉带电特性与起电速率的添加剂,逐渐受到研究者们越来越多的重视。本文针对目前墨粉所用的几类传统电荷调节剂的发展历程进行了总结。文中指出按照电性的不同,CCA可分为正电性与负电性两大类。在传统CCA中,正电性CCA包括苯胺黑类与季铵盐类,前者由于本身具有颜色无法应用到彩色打印中,而季铵盐类因其合成简单、色彩较浅等优势是目前使用最多的正电性CCA。负电性CCA包括偶氮金属络合物类与叔丁基水杨酸金属络合物类,其中后者因其带电量稳定、在树脂中分散性好且无色的优点成为目前应用最广泛的传统CCA。近年来,金属络合物型CCA由于在高温状态下不稳定的缺点使结构中不含金属离子的新型CCA成为研究的热点。此外,由于对环境无害及高画质的要求提高,生物基材料型CCA与通过聚合反应合成的CCA应用也越来越普及。在世界范围内,日本的东方化学工业株式会社、保土谷化学工业株式会社与中国湖北鼎龙化学股份有限公司是最大的3个CCA生产商,而前两家公司目前占据全球80%以上的份额,因此研究发展高端显像信息化学品仍然是我国墨粉行业的重要任务。文章针对未来如何解决不含金属离子的电荷调节剂合成成本过高的问题,指出发展更具价格竞争力、带电性能充分、对环境无害、面向彩色打印的无色电荷调节剂将成为电荷调节剂发展的新趋势。
Charge control agent(CCA), as an important additive in toner to change the charging characteristics of the toner and the rate of electrification to complete the printing, has drawn more and more attentions. This review summarized the development history of typical CCA used in toners.According to the difference in electrical properties, CCA can be divided into positive CCA and negativeCCA. The traditional positively charged CCA includes aniline black and quaternary ammonium salt. Theaniline black cannot be applied to color printing because of its own color while the quaternary ammoniumsalt is the most commonly used positively charged CCA because of its simple synthesis and light color.Negative CCA includes azo metal complex and tert-butylsalicylic acid metal complex, where in the latterhas become the most widely used traditional CCA due to its stable charge, good dispersibility in the resinand colorlessness. In recent years, no metal-complex type CCA has become a hot research topic due tothe instability of high temperature for metal complex type CCA. In addition, biomaterial-based CCA and CCA synthesized by polymerization have drawn more attention due to the demand for environmentalconcern and high image quality. All over the world, the Oriental Chemical Industry Company(Japan),Baotu Valley Chemical Industry Company(Japan) and Hubei Dinglong Chemical Company(China) are the three largest CCA producers. Two Japanese companies have more than 80% of the world's share. The research and development of high quality imaging information chemicals in China is still an important task, such as how to solve the problem of high cost for the CCA without metal ions and to develop price-competitive, colorless, and fully charged CCA.
Charge control agent(CCA), as an important additive in toner to change the charging characteristics of the toner and the rate of electrification to complete the printing, has drawn more and more attentions. This review summarized the development history of typical CCA used in toners.According to the difference in electrical properties, CCA can be divided into positive CCA and negativeCCA. The traditional positively charged CCA includes aniline black and quaternary ammonium salt. Theaniline black cannot be applied to color printing because of its own color while the quaternary ammoniumsalt is the most commonly used positively charged CCA because of its simple synthesis and light color.Negative CCA includes azo metal complex and tert-butylsalicylic acid metal complex, where in the latterhas become the most widely used traditional CCA due to its stable charge, good dispersibility in the resinand colorlessness. In recent years, no metal-complex type CCA has become a hot research topic due tothe instability of high temperature for metal complex type CCA. In addition, biomaterial-based CCA and CCA synthesized by polymerization have drawn more attention due to the demand for environmentalconcern and high image quality. All over the world, the Oriental Chemical Industry Company(Japan),Baotu Valley Chemical Industry Company(Japan) and Hubei Dinglong Chemical Company(China) are the three largest CCA producers. Two Japanese companies have more than 80% of the world's share. The research and development of high quality imaging information chemicals in China is still an important task, such as how to solve the problem of high cost for the CCA without metal ions and to develop price-competitive, colorless, and fully charged CCA.
引文
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[2]王威,王宝群,刘京玲,等.墨粉的制备及发展概况[J].中国材料进展, 2012, 31(1):1-7.WANG Wei, WANG Baoqun, LIU Jingling, et al. Situation fortoner production and development[J]. Materials China, 2012, 31(1):1-7.
[3]姜真,冯华栋,涂海平,等.墨粉低温定影性能的影响因素分析[J].热固性树脂, 2011, 26(5):42-44JIANG Zhen, FENG Huadong, TU Haiping, et al. Analysis of thefactors of toner low-temperature fusing performance[J].Thermosetting Resin, 2011, 26(5):42-44.
[4]程华月.静电复印用感光材料的研究进展[J].材料研究与应用, 2002, 12(1):43-48.CHENG Huayue. Research progress of photosensitive materialsapplied in electrophotography[J]. Journal of Guangdong Non-ferrous Metals, 2002, 12(1):43-48.
[5]谯晓花,夏超,宋静,等.墨粉用电荷调节剂研究进展[J].热固性树脂, 2015, 30(4):68-70.QIAO Xiaohua, XIA Chao, SONG Jing, et al. Research advancesin charge control agents for toner[J]. Thermosetting Resin, 2015,30(4):68-70.
[6]商晓宇,梁兵.激光彩色墨粉制备方法研究进展[J].化工进展,2012, 31(8):1811-1815.SHANG Xiaoyu, LIANG Bing. Research on laser color tonerpreparation methods[J]. Chemical Industry and EngineeringProgress, 2012, 31(8):1811-1815.
[7]蒋立琴,傅伟文,毕明珠,等.激光打印机墨粉的热重分析[J].理化检验(化学分册), 2012, 48(2):194-197.JIANG L Q, FU W W, BI M Z, et al. Thermogravimetric analysisof laser printer toner[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part B:Chemical Analysis), 2012, 48(2):194-197.
[8] OTSUKA M. Nigrosine dyes and process for preparing same:US4624709[P]. 1986-11-25.
[9] JIN M, UTA K, SATO Y, et al. Hydrogen-bonded network inquaternary ammonium salts used as charge control agents[C]//Asian Crystallography Joint Conference Abstract Set, 2009:170-176.
[10]石本貴幸,石倉宏樹.正電荷制御剤の製造方法およびトナーの製造方法:JP5867205[P]. 2016-02-24.TAKAYUKI I, HIROKI I. Method for producing positive chargecontrol agent and toner production method:JP5867205[P]. 2016-02-04.
[11] MATSUURA Y, NIIMURA I, TORII K, et al. Electrostatic imagedeveloping toner:WO9709656[P].1997-03-13.
[12] DU H, RITCHEY J, BARYKINA T, et al. Charge control agent forelectrophoretic display:WO2016191410[P]. 2016-12-01.
[13]张治民,梁屹,朱双全.对-氯苯酚-邻偶氮β-萘酚铬络合物及其制备方法和用途:CN1379020 A[P]. 2002-11-13.ZHANG Zhimin, LIANG Yi, ZHU Shuangquan. P-chlorophenol-o-azo-β-naphthol chromium complex, and preparation methodand use thereof:CN1379020 A[P]. 2002-11-13.
[14]左新举,兰泽冠,朱双全.单偶氮2∶1型铬络合物染料的制备方法及用途:CN1544529[P]. 2004-11-10.ZUO Xinjun, LAN Zeguan, ZHU Shuangquan. Preparation methodand use of monoazo nitrogen type 2 1 chromium complex dye:CN1544529[P]. 2004-11-10.
[15] H-T·玛乔德特, R·保尔.铝偶氮络合染料作为电荷控制剂的用途:CN1246660 A[P]. 2000-03-08.MARJORD H T, PAUL R. Usage of aluminum azo-complex dyeas charge control agent:CN1246660 A[P]. 2000-03-08.
[16] OOKUBO M, KASAHARA K, NANAUMI H. Electrostatic imagedeveloping toner:US6120958[P]. 2000-09-19.
[17]伊藤雅美,大久保正树,大塚英之,等.单偶氮铁配位化合物、采用它的电荷控制剂及调色剂:CN102702773 A[P]. 2012-10-03.ITO M, OKUBO M, OTSUKA, et al. Mono-azo iron complexcompound, and its charge control agent and toner:CN102702773A[P]. 2012-10-03.
[18]易德莲,伍林,朱顺全.一种电荷调节剂以及碳粉:CN101055437[P]. 2007-10-17.YI Delian, WU Lin, ZHU Shunquan. A charge control agent andtoner:CN101055437[P]. 2007-10-17.
[19]戴日强,赖谷仙,林洁,等.一种新型电荷调节剂的合成研究[J].化工技术与开发, 2013, 42(8):22-23.DAI R Q, LAI G X, LIN J, et al. Synthesis of a new type of chargeregulator[J]. Technology&Development of Chemical Industry,2013, 42(8):22-23.
[20] KIUCHI M, MAKI I. Negatively charged toner for developingelectrostatic images containing metal complex of salicyclic acidcompound as charge control agent:US4206064[P].1980-06-03.
[21]礒田明秀,木原哲二,鹤原徹.电荷调节剂及其制造方法、电荷调节树脂粒子及静电显像用调色剂:CN1424629 A[P]. 2003-06-18.MINTIAN M, KIHARA T, TSURUHARA. Charge modifier andmethod for producing the same charge-adjusting resin particles,and toner for electrostatic development:CN1424629 A[P]. 2003-06-18.
[22]朱顺全,肖桂林.一种水杨酸系列电荷调节剂分散体及其制备方法以及碳粉:CN101630128[P]. 2010-01-20.ZHU Shunquan, XIAO Guilin. Salicylic acid series chargeregulator dispersion and preparation method thereof and carbonpowder:CN101630128[P].2010-01-20.
[23]大塚英之,大久保正树,椋代修.电荷控制剂组合物以及使用其的调色剂:CN101427187[P]. 2009-05-06.OTSUKA, OKUBO M, LIANG D. Charge controller compositionand toner using the same:CN101427187[P]. 2009-05-06.
[24]朱顺全,兰泽冠.新型锆化合物电荷调节剂及含该电荷调节剂的电子照相用碳粉:CN1731290[P]. 2006-02-08.ZHU Shunquan, LAN Zeguan. Novel zirconium compound chargemodifier and electrophotographic toner containing the same:CN1731290[P].2006-02-08.
[25]伍林,夏志林,朱双全.一种电荷调节剂以及碳粉:CN101017342[P].2007-08-15.WU Lin, XIA Zhilin, ZHU Shuangquan. A charge modifier andtoner:CN101017342[P]. 2007-08-15.
[26] SAMBHY V, MORALES J A, BADESHA S S, et al. Chargecontrol agent-silicone oils and uses thereof:US20170097583[P].2017-04-06.∶
[27]山手修,安松雅司.带正电性电荷控制剂及含有其之静电荷像显影用带正电性色剂:CN101051193[P]. 2007-10-10.YAMASHINA, ANSON Y. Positively charged charge control agentand positively charged color development agent containing staticcharge image for development:CN101051193[P]. 2007-10-10.
[28] KIMURA I, ITO M, ASAKAI M. Charge control agent and tonerusing same:WO2013168570[P]. 2013-11-14.
[29] OKUBO M, KIMURA I, ITO M, et al. Charge control agent andtoner using same:US9835965[P]. 2017-12-05.
[30]木村育夫,伊藤雅美,东条雅也,等.电荷控制剂和使用其的调色剂:CN103238117A[P].2013-08-07.KIMURA Y, ITO M, TOJO Y, et al. Charge control agent andtoner using the same:CN103238117A[P]. 2013-08-07.
[31] YASUMURA M, ITO M, TOJOU M, et al. Charge controlling agentand toner using same:WO2011105334[P]. 2011-09-01.
[32] YASUMURA M, ITO M, TOJOU M, et al. Charge controlling agentand toner using same:US20130177844[P]. 2013-07-11.
[33]木村育夫,辻一德,伊藤雅美,等.电荷控制剂以及使用了该电荷控制剂的调色剂:CN103109239A[P]. 2013-05-15.KIMURA Y, YU Y, ITO M, et al. Charge control agent and tonerusing the charge control agent:CN103109239A[P]. 2013-05-15.
[34] OKUBO M, TSUJI M, ITO M, et al. Toner, developer, and tonercartridge:US9703223[P]. 2017-07-11.
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