High performance electrocoagulation process in treating palm oil mill effluent using high current intensity application
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摘要
Electrocoagulation process using high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent(POME) was investigated in this study.Various operating parameters such as electrolysis time, inter-electrode distance and initial pH were carried out to determine the efficient process condition on the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD) and suspended solids(SS).The highest treatment was achieved at 50 min with the removal efficiencies for COD, BOD and SS obtained as 85%, 83%, and 84%, respectively.More than 50 min treatment showed the fluctuated trends of removal efficiencies which can be considered insignificant.The application of higher current resulted in higher removals of organics while the gas bubbles also assisted in removing the pollutant particles by floatation.In an inter-electrode distance study, the removal efficiency decreased when inter-electrode distance was either higher or lower than 10 mm due to the increase of solution resistance and the decrease of anode active surface area.In initial pH study, it was found that high removal efficiencies were achieved in slightly acidic POME sample rather than in neutral or basic condition.An electrocoagulation process by using the optimum operating parameters was able to remove COD, BOD and SS up to 95%, 94% and 96% respectively.The experimental results confirm that application of high current intensity in electrocoagulation provided high treatment efficiency at a reduced reaction time.
Electrocoagulation process using high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent(POME) was investigated in this study.Various operating parameters such as electrolysis time, inter-electrode distance and initial pH were carried out to determine the efficient process condition on the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD) and suspended solids(SS).The highest treatment was achieved at 50 min with the removal efficiencies for COD, BOD and SS obtained as 85%, 83%, and 84%, respectively.More than 50 min treatment showed the fluctuated trends of removal efficiencies which can be considered insignificant.The application of higher current resulted in higher removals of organics while the gas bubbles also assisted in removing the pollutant particles by floatation.In an inter-electrode distance study, the removal efficiency decreased when inter-electrode distance was either higher or lower than 10 mm due to the increase of solution resistance and the decrease of anode active surface area.In initial pH study, it was found that high removal efficiencies were achieved in slightly acidic POME sample rather than in neutral or basic condition.An electrocoagulation process by using the optimum operating parameters was able to remove COD, BOD and SS up to 95%, 94% and 96% respectively.The experimental results confirm that application of high current intensity in electrocoagulation provided high treatment efficiency at a reduced reaction time.
Electrocoagulation process using high current intensity to treat palm oil mill effluent(POME) was investigated in this study.Various operating parameters such as electrolysis time, inter-electrode distance and initial pH were carried out to determine the efficient process condition on the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD) and suspended solids(SS).The highest treatment was achieved at 50 min with the removal efficiencies for COD, BOD and SS obtained as 85%, 83%, and 84%, respectively.More than 50 min treatment showed the fluctuated trends of removal efficiencies which can be considered insignificant.The application of higher current resulted in higher removals of organics while the gas bubbles also assisted in removing the pollutant particles by floatation.In an inter-electrode distance study, the removal efficiency decreased when inter-electrode distance was either higher or lower than 10 mm due to the increase of solution resistance and the decrease of anode active surface area.In initial pH study, it was found that high removal efficiencies were achieved in slightly acidic POME sample rather than in neutral or basic condition.An electrocoagulation process by using the optimum operating parameters was able to remove COD, BOD and SS up to 95%, 94% and 96% respectively.The experimental results confirm that application of high current intensity in electrocoagulation provided high treatment efficiency at a reduced reaction time.
引文
[1]M.Nasrullah,L.Singh,Z.Mohamad,S.Norsita,S.Krishnan,N.Wahida,A.W.Zularisam,Treatment of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation with presence of hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent and polialuminum chloride as coagulant-aid,Water Resour.Ind.17(2017)7-10.
[2]N.H.Zainal,N.F.Jalani,R.Mamat,A.A.Astimar,A review on the development of palm oil mill effluent(POME)final discharge polishing treatments,J.Oil Palm Res.29(2017)528-540.
[3]S.Tabassum,Y.Zhang,Z.Zhang,An integrated method for palm oil mill effluent(POME)treatment for achieving zero liquid discharge-A pilot study,J.Clean.Prod.95(2015)148-155.
[4]Y.Xiao,C.De Araujo,C.C.Sze,D.C.Stuckey,Toxicity measurement in biological wastewater treatment processes:A review,J.Hazard.Mater.286(2015)15-29.
[5]A.Elmekawy,L.Diels,L.Bertin,H.De Wever,D.Pant,Potential biovalorization techniques for olive mill biorefinery wastewater,Biofuels Bioprod.Biorefin.8(2014)283-293.
[6]S.Bhatia,Z.Othman,A.L.Ahmad,Coagulation-flocculation process for POMEtreatment using Moringa oleifera seeds extract:Optimization studies,Chem.Eng.J.133(2007)205-212.
[7]S.Parthasarathy,R.R.Mohammed,C.M.Fong,R.L.Gomes,S.Manickam,A novel hybrid approach of activated carbon and ultrasound cavitation for the intensification of palm oil mill effluent(POME)polishing,J.Clean.Prod.112(2016)1218-1226.
[8]S.Bajracharya,M.Sharma,G.Mohanakrishna,X.Dominguez,D.P.B.T.B.Strik,P.M.Sarma,An overview on emerging bioelectrochemical systems(BESs):Technology for sustainable electricity,waste remediation,resource recovery,chemical production and beyond,Renew.Energy 98(2016)153-170.
[9]A.S.Fajardo,R.F.Rodrigues,R.C.Martins,L.M.Castro,R.M.Quinta-Ferreira,Phenolic wastewaters treatment by electrocoagulation process using Zn anode,Chem.Eng.J.275(2015)331-341.
[10]ü.Tezcanün,S.U?ur,A.S.Koparal,ü.Bakir??ütveren,Electrocoagulation of olive mill wastewaters,Sep.Purif.Technol.52(2006)136-141.
[11]M.Nasrullah,M.N.I.Siddique,A.W.Zularisam,Effect of high current density in electrocoagulation process for sewage treatment,Asian J.Chem.26(2014)4281-4285.
[12]A.M.H.Elnenay,E.Nassef,G.F.Malash,M.H.A.Magid,Treatment of drilling fluids wastewater by electrocoagulation,Egypt.J.Pet.26(2016)4-9.
[13]S.Elabbas,N.Ouazzani,L.Mandi,F.Berrekhis,M.Perdicakis,S.Pontvianne,M.N.Pons,F.Lapicque,J.P.Leclerc,Treatment of highly concentrated tannery wastewater using electrocoagulation:Influence of the quality of aluminium used for the electrode,J.Hazard.Mater.319(2016)69-77.
[14]M.Kobya,E.Senturk,M.Bayramoglu,Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters by electrocoagulation,J.Hazard.Mater.133(2006)172-176.
[15]A.S.Naje,S.Chelliapan,Z.Zakaria,S.A.Abbas,Electrocoagulation using a rotated anode:A novel reactor design for textile wastewater treatment,J.Environ.Manag.176(2016)34-44.
[16]K.Thirugnanasambandham,V.Sivakumar,J.Prakasmaran,Optimization of process parameters in electrocoagulation treating chicken industry wastewater to recover hydrogen gas with pollutant reduction,Renew.Energy 80(2015)101-108.
[17]F.Hussin,F.Abnisa,G.Issabayeva,M.K.Aroua,Removal of lead by solar-photovoltaic electrocoagulation using novel perforated zinc electrode,J.Clean.Prod.147(2017)206-216.
[18]H.Huang,D.Zhang,Z.Zhao,P.Zhang,F.Gao,Comparison investigation on phosphate recovery from sludge anaerobic supernatant using the electrocoagulation process and chemical precipitation,J.Clean.Prod.141(2017)429-438.
[19]A.Nasution,B.L.Ng,E.Ali,Z.Yaakob,B.L.N.Ansori Nasution,E.Ali,Z.Yaakob,S.K.Kamarudin,Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent for treatment and hydrogen production using response surface methodology,Pol.J.Environ.Stud.23(2014)1669-1677.
[20]M.B.Agustin,W.P.Sengpracha,W.Phutdhawong,Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent,Int.J.Environ.Res.Public Health 5(2008)177-180.
[21]F.Hanafi,O.Assobhei,M.Mountadar,Detoxification and discoloration of Moroccan olive mill wastewater by electrocoagulation,J.Hazard.Mater.174(2010)807-812.
[22]F.Jing-Wei,S.U.N.Ya-Bing,Z.Zheng,Z.Ji-Biao,L.I.Shu,T.Yuan-Chun,Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation,J.Environ.Sci.19(2007)1409-1415.
[23]M.U?urlu,A.Gürses,C.Do?ar,M.Yal?in,The removal of lignin and phenol from paper mill effluents by electrocoagulation,J.Environ.Manag.87(2008)420-428.
[24]M.Zaied,N.Bellakhal,Electrocoagulation treatment of black liquor from paper industry,J.Hazard.Mater.163(2009)995-1000.
[25]M.Nasrullah,L.Singh,S.Krishnan,M.Sakinah,A.W.Zularisam,Electrode design for electrochemical cell to treat palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation process,Environ.Technol.Innov.9(2018)323-341.
[26]P.K.Holt,G.W.Barton,C.A.Mitchell,The future for electrocoagulation as a localised water treatment technology,Chemosphere 59(2005)355-367.
[27]P.Drogui,S.K.Brar,H.Benmoussa,Electrochemical removal of pollutants from agroindustry wastewaters,Sep.Purif.Technol.61(2008)301-310.
[28]N.Daneshvar,A.Oladegaragoze,N.Djafarzadeh,Decolorization of basic dye solutions by electrocoagulation:An investigation of the effect of operational parameters,J.Hazard.Mater.129(2006)116-122.
[29]J.Duan,J.Gregory,Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts,Adv.Colloid Interf.Sci.100-102(2003)475-502.
[30]B.Merzouk,B.Gourich,K.Madani,C.Vial,A.Sekki,Removal of a disperse red dye from synthetic wastewater by chemical coagulation and continuous electrocoagulation.Acomparative study,Desalination 272(2011)246-253.
[31]A.Aouni,C.Fersi,M.Ben Sik Ali,M.Dhahbi,Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process,J.Hazard.Mater.168(2009)868-874.
[32]M.Fuad,Low Electric Energy for Colour Removal of Dye Solution,Ms.Thesis,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia,2008.
[33]A.H.Essadki,M.Bennajah,B.Gourich,C.Vial,M.Azzi,H.Delmas,Electrocoagulation/electroflotation in an external-loop airlift reactor-Application to the decolorization of textile dye wastewater:A case study,Chem.Eng.Process.Process Intensif.47(2008)1211-1223.
[34]R.Sridhar,V.Sivakumar,J.Prakash Maran,K.Thirugnanasambandham,Influence of operating parameters on treatment of egg processing effluent by electrocoagulation process,Int.J.Environ.Sci.Technol.11(2014)1619-1630.
[35]A.S.Naje,S.Chelliapan,Z.Zakaria,S.A.Abbas,Enhancement of an electrocoagulation process for the treatment of textile wastewater under combined electrical connections using titanium plates,Int.J.Electrochem.Sci.10(2015)4495-4512.
[36]A.Shafaei,E.Pajootan,M.Nikazar,M.Arami,Removal of Co(II)from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes,Desalination279(2011)121-126.
[37]T.Kim,C.Park,E.Shin,S.Kim,Decolorization of disperse and reactive dyes by continuous electrocoagulation process,Desalination 150(2002)165-175.
[38]O.A.Fadali,E.E.Ebrahiem,A.El-Gamil,H.Altaher,Investigation of the electrocoagulation treatment technique for the separation of oil from wastewater,J.Environ.Sci.Technol.9(2016)62-74.
[39]C.Phalakornkule,S.Polgumhang,W.Tongdaung,Performance of an electrocoagulation process in treating direct dye:batch and continuous upflow processes,World Acad.Sci.Eng.Technol.3(2009)267-272.
[40]N.Daneshvar,H.A.Sorkhabi,M.B.Kasiri,Decolorization of dye solution containing Acid Red 14 by electrocoagulation with a comparative investigation of different electrode connections,J.Hazard.Mater.112(2004)55-62.
[41]M.Kobya,O.T.Can,M.Bayramoglu,Treatment of textile wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes,J.Hazard.Mater.100(2003)163-178.
[42]M.Kobya,H.Hiz,E.Senturk,C.Aydiner,E.Demirbas,Treatment of potato chips manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation,Desalination 190(2006)201-211.
[43]A.Gürses,M.Yal?in,C.Do?ar,Electrocoagulation of some reactive dyes:A statistical investigation of some electrochemical variables,Waste Manag.22(2002)491-499.
[44]J.L.Gui,Effect of pH and chloride concentration on the removal of hexavalent chromium in a batch electrocoagulation reactor,J.Hazard.Mater.169(2009)1127-1133.
[45]H.A.C.Moreno,D.L.Cocke,J.A.G.Gomes,P.Morkovsky,J.R.Parga,E.Peterson,C.Garcia,Electrochemical reactions for electrocoagulation using iron electrodes,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.48(2009)2275-2282.
[46]U.Tezcan Un,A.Kandemir,N.Erginel,S.E.Ocal,Continuous electrocoagulation of cheese whey wastewater:An application of response surface methodology,J.Environ.Manag.146(2014)245-250.
[47]I.A.Sengil,M.Ozacar,The decolorization of C.I.Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using sacrificial iron electrodes,J.Hazard.Mater.161(2009)1369-1376.
[48]E.A.Vik,D.A.Carlson,A.S.Eikum,E.T.Gjessing,Electrocoagulation of potable water,Water Res.18(1984)1355-1360.
[49]X.Chen,G.Chen,P.L.Yue,Separation of pollutants from restaurant wastewater by electrocoagulation,Sep.Purif.Technol.19(2000)65-76.
[2]N.H.Zainal,N.F.Jalani,R.Mamat,A.A.Astimar,A review on the development of palm oil mill effluent(POME)final discharge polishing treatments,J.Oil Palm Res.29(2017)528-540.
[3]S.Tabassum,Y.Zhang,Z.Zhang,An integrated method for palm oil mill effluent(POME)treatment for achieving zero liquid discharge-A pilot study,J.Clean.Prod.95(2015)148-155.
[4]Y.Xiao,C.De Araujo,C.C.Sze,D.C.Stuckey,Toxicity measurement in biological wastewater treatment processes:A review,J.Hazard.Mater.286(2015)15-29.
[5]A.Elmekawy,L.Diels,L.Bertin,H.De Wever,D.Pant,Potential biovalorization techniques for olive mill biorefinery wastewater,Biofuels Bioprod.Biorefin.8(2014)283-293.
[6]S.Bhatia,Z.Othman,A.L.Ahmad,Coagulation-flocculation process for POMEtreatment using Moringa oleifera seeds extract:Optimization studies,Chem.Eng.J.133(2007)205-212.
[7]S.Parthasarathy,R.R.Mohammed,C.M.Fong,R.L.Gomes,S.Manickam,A novel hybrid approach of activated carbon and ultrasound cavitation for the intensification of palm oil mill effluent(POME)polishing,J.Clean.Prod.112(2016)1218-1226.
[8]S.Bajracharya,M.Sharma,G.Mohanakrishna,X.Dominguez,D.P.B.T.B.Strik,P.M.Sarma,An overview on emerging bioelectrochemical systems(BESs):Technology for sustainable electricity,waste remediation,resource recovery,chemical production and beyond,Renew.Energy 98(2016)153-170.
[9]A.S.Fajardo,R.F.Rodrigues,R.C.Martins,L.M.Castro,R.M.Quinta-Ferreira,Phenolic wastewaters treatment by electrocoagulation process using Zn anode,Chem.Eng.J.275(2015)331-341.
[10]ü.Tezcanün,S.U?ur,A.S.Koparal,ü.Bakir??ütveren,Electrocoagulation of olive mill wastewaters,Sep.Purif.Technol.52(2006)136-141.
[11]M.Nasrullah,M.N.I.Siddique,A.W.Zularisam,Effect of high current density in electrocoagulation process for sewage treatment,Asian J.Chem.26(2014)4281-4285.
[12]A.M.H.Elnenay,E.Nassef,G.F.Malash,M.H.A.Magid,Treatment of drilling fluids wastewater by electrocoagulation,Egypt.J.Pet.26(2016)4-9.
[13]S.Elabbas,N.Ouazzani,L.Mandi,F.Berrekhis,M.Perdicakis,S.Pontvianne,M.N.Pons,F.Lapicque,J.P.Leclerc,Treatment of highly concentrated tannery wastewater using electrocoagulation:Influence of the quality of aluminium used for the electrode,J.Hazard.Mater.319(2016)69-77.
[14]M.Kobya,E.Senturk,M.Bayramoglu,Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters by electrocoagulation,J.Hazard.Mater.133(2006)172-176.
[15]A.S.Naje,S.Chelliapan,Z.Zakaria,S.A.Abbas,Electrocoagulation using a rotated anode:A novel reactor design for textile wastewater treatment,J.Environ.Manag.176(2016)34-44.
[16]K.Thirugnanasambandham,V.Sivakumar,J.Prakasmaran,Optimization of process parameters in electrocoagulation treating chicken industry wastewater to recover hydrogen gas with pollutant reduction,Renew.Energy 80(2015)101-108.
[17]F.Hussin,F.Abnisa,G.Issabayeva,M.K.Aroua,Removal of lead by solar-photovoltaic electrocoagulation using novel perforated zinc electrode,J.Clean.Prod.147(2017)206-216.
[18]H.Huang,D.Zhang,Z.Zhao,P.Zhang,F.Gao,Comparison investigation on phosphate recovery from sludge anaerobic supernatant using the electrocoagulation process and chemical precipitation,J.Clean.Prod.141(2017)429-438.
[19]A.Nasution,B.L.Ng,E.Ali,Z.Yaakob,B.L.N.Ansori Nasution,E.Ali,Z.Yaakob,S.K.Kamarudin,Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent for treatment and hydrogen production using response surface methodology,Pol.J.Environ.Stud.23(2014)1669-1677.
[20]M.B.Agustin,W.P.Sengpracha,W.Phutdhawong,Electrocoagulation of palm oil mill effluent,Int.J.Environ.Res.Public Health 5(2008)177-180.
[21]F.Hanafi,O.Assobhei,M.Mountadar,Detoxification and discoloration of Moroccan olive mill wastewater by electrocoagulation,J.Hazard.Mater.174(2010)807-812.
[22]F.Jing-Wei,S.U.N.Ya-Bing,Z.Zheng,Z.Ji-Biao,L.I.Shu,T.Yuan-Chun,Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation,J.Environ.Sci.19(2007)1409-1415.
[23]M.U?urlu,A.Gürses,C.Do?ar,M.Yal?in,The removal of lignin and phenol from paper mill effluents by electrocoagulation,J.Environ.Manag.87(2008)420-428.
[24]M.Zaied,N.Bellakhal,Electrocoagulation treatment of black liquor from paper industry,J.Hazard.Mater.163(2009)995-1000.
[25]M.Nasrullah,L.Singh,S.Krishnan,M.Sakinah,A.W.Zularisam,Electrode design for electrochemical cell to treat palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation process,Environ.Technol.Innov.9(2018)323-341.
[26]P.K.Holt,G.W.Barton,C.A.Mitchell,The future for electrocoagulation as a localised water treatment technology,Chemosphere 59(2005)355-367.
[27]P.Drogui,S.K.Brar,H.Benmoussa,Electrochemical removal of pollutants from agroindustry wastewaters,Sep.Purif.Technol.61(2008)301-310.
[28]N.Daneshvar,A.Oladegaragoze,N.Djafarzadeh,Decolorization of basic dye solutions by electrocoagulation:An investigation of the effect of operational parameters,J.Hazard.Mater.129(2006)116-122.
[29]J.Duan,J.Gregory,Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts,Adv.Colloid Interf.Sci.100-102(2003)475-502.
[30]B.Merzouk,B.Gourich,K.Madani,C.Vial,A.Sekki,Removal of a disperse red dye from synthetic wastewater by chemical coagulation and continuous electrocoagulation.Acomparative study,Desalination 272(2011)246-253.
[31]A.Aouni,C.Fersi,M.Ben Sik Ali,M.Dhahbi,Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process,J.Hazard.Mater.168(2009)868-874.
[32]M.Fuad,Low Electric Energy for Colour Removal of Dye Solution,Ms.Thesis,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia,2008.
[33]A.H.Essadki,M.Bennajah,B.Gourich,C.Vial,M.Azzi,H.Delmas,Electrocoagulation/electroflotation in an external-loop airlift reactor-Application to the decolorization of textile dye wastewater:A case study,Chem.Eng.Process.Process Intensif.47(2008)1211-1223.
[34]R.Sridhar,V.Sivakumar,J.Prakash Maran,K.Thirugnanasambandham,Influence of operating parameters on treatment of egg processing effluent by electrocoagulation process,Int.J.Environ.Sci.Technol.11(2014)1619-1630.
[35]A.S.Naje,S.Chelliapan,Z.Zakaria,S.A.Abbas,Enhancement of an electrocoagulation process for the treatment of textile wastewater under combined electrical connections using titanium plates,Int.J.Electrochem.Sci.10(2015)4495-4512.
[36]A.Shafaei,E.Pajootan,M.Nikazar,M.Arami,Removal of Co(II)from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes,Desalination279(2011)121-126.
[37]T.Kim,C.Park,E.Shin,S.Kim,Decolorization of disperse and reactive dyes by continuous electrocoagulation process,Desalination 150(2002)165-175.
[38]O.A.Fadali,E.E.Ebrahiem,A.El-Gamil,H.Altaher,Investigation of the electrocoagulation treatment technique for the separation of oil from wastewater,J.Environ.Sci.Technol.9(2016)62-74.
[39]C.Phalakornkule,S.Polgumhang,W.Tongdaung,Performance of an electrocoagulation process in treating direct dye:batch and continuous upflow processes,World Acad.Sci.Eng.Technol.3(2009)267-272.
[40]N.Daneshvar,H.A.Sorkhabi,M.B.Kasiri,Decolorization of dye solution containing Acid Red 14 by electrocoagulation with a comparative investigation of different electrode connections,J.Hazard.Mater.112(2004)55-62.
[41]M.Kobya,O.T.Can,M.Bayramoglu,Treatment of textile wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron and aluminum electrodes,J.Hazard.Mater.100(2003)163-178.
[42]M.Kobya,H.Hiz,E.Senturk,C.Aydiner,E.Demirbas,Treatment of potato chips manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation,Desalination 190(2006)201-211.
[43]A.Gürses,M.Yal?in,C.Do?ar,Electrocoagulation of some reactive dyes:A statistical investigation of some electrochemical variables,Waste Manag.22(2002)491-499.
[44]J.L.Gui,Effect of pH and chloride concentration on the removal of hexavalent chromium in a batch electrocoagulation reactor,J.Hazard.Mater.169(2009)1127-1133.
[45]H.A.C.Moreno,D.L.Cocke,J.A.G.Gomes,P.Morkovsky,J.R.Parga,E.Peterson,C.Garcia,Electrochemical reactions for electrocoagulation using iron electrodes,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.48(2009)2275-2282.
[46]U.Tezcan Un,A.Kandemir,N.Erginel,S.E.Ocal,Continuous electrocoagulation of cheese whey wastewater:An application of response surface methodology,J.Environ.Manag.146(2014)245-250.
[47]I.A.Sengil,M.Ozacar,The decolorization of C.I.Reactive Black 5 in aqueous solution by electrocoagulation using sacrificial iron electrodes,J.Hazard.Mater.161(2009)1369-1376.
[48]E.A.Vik,D.A.Carlson,A.S.Eikum,E.T.Gjessing,Electrocoagulation of potable water,Water Res.18(1984)1355-1360.
[49]X.Chen,G.Chen,P.L.Yue,Separation of pollutants from restaurant wastewater by electrocoagulation,Sep.Purif.Technol.19(2000)65-76.
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