带裂缝混凝土轴拉力学性能及Kaiser效应试验研究
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摘要
为了解带裂缝混凝土在轴拉荷载作用下的力学特性和在变幅循环荷载作用下声发射Kaiser效应,设计了3种带不同初始缝长的混凝土轴向拉伸试验,详细分析了初始缝长对混凝土轴拉强度、断裂韧度、弹性模量等力学参数和声发射Kaiser效应的影响。结果表明:随着初始缝长的增加,混凝土弹性模量保持不变,断裂韧度逐渐增加,轴拉强度与初始缝长呈线性递减关系;在变幅循环荷载作用下,混凝土表现出明显的Kaiser效应,随着荷载水平的提高,Kaiser效应逐渐减弱;当缝高比小于0.4时,Kaiser效应随初始缝长的增大逐渐增强; Kaiser效应本质上是由混凝土内部损伤程度决定的。此外,混凝土轴拉强度的大小会影响其在低荷载水平作用时声发射信号的强弱,据此可判断混凝土试件强度的高低。
In order to clarify the influences of cracks on the mechanical properties of concrete under the uniaxial tensile loads and the Kaiser effect of the acoustic emission under variable amplitude cyclic tension loads, three kinds of axial tensile specimens with different crack lengths have been tested to study the influences of the initial crack length on the axial tensile strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus and the Kaiser effect. The research results indicate that the elastic modulus remains constant, the fracture toughness increases gradually, and the tensile strength decreases linearly with the increase in the cracking length of the concrete specimens. Under the cyclic loads with variable amplitude, the concrete specimens show obvious Kaiser effect, and the Kaiser effect is gradually weakened with the increase of the load level. When the crack-depth ratio is less than 0.4, the Kaiser effect increases with the increase of the initial crack length of the concrete specimens. The Kaiser effect is essentially determined by the degree of the internal damage of concrete specimens. In addition, the strength of concrete specimens under the axial tension will affect the activation intensity of the acoustic emission signal at the low load level. Based on this, the strength change of the concrete specimens can be judged.
In order to clarify the influences of cracks on the mechanical properties of concrete under the uniaxial tensile loads and the Kaiser effect of the acoustic emission under variable amplitude cyclic tension loads, three kinds of axial tensile specimens with different crack lengths have been tested to study the influences of the initial crack length on the axial tensile strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus and the Kaiser effect. The research results indicate that the elastic modulus remains constant, the fracture toughness increases gradually, and the tensile strength decreases linearly with the increase in the cracking length of the concrete specimens. Under the cyclic loads with variable amplitude, the concrete specimens show obvious Kaiser effect, and the Kaiser effect is gradually weakened with the increase of the load level. When the crack-depth ratio is less than 0.4, the Kaiser effect increases with the increase of the initial crack length of the concrete specimens. The Kaiser effect is essentially determined by the degree of the internal damage of concrete specimens. In addition, the strength of concrete specimens under the axial tension will affect the activation intensity of the acoustic emission signal at the low load level. Based on this, the strength change of the concrete specimens can be judged.
引文
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[19] 王岩,王瑶,路桂娟,等.变幅循环荷载下混凝土轴拉声发射特性试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(1):45- 49.(WANG Yan,WANG Yao,LU Guijuan,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of concrete under variable amplitude cyclic tension loading[J].Journal of Hohai University (Nature Sciences),2014,42(1):45- 49.(in Chinese))
[20] 吴胜兴,张顺祥,沈德建.混凝土轴心受拉声发射Kaiser效应试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):31-39.(WU Shengxing,ZHANG Shunxiang,SHEN Dejian.An experiment study on Kasier effect of acoustic emission in concrete under uniaxial tension loading[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):31-39.(in Chinese))
[2] ROSS C A.Effects of strain rate on concrete strength[J].ACI Material Journal,1995,92(1):37- 47.
[3] 范向前,胡少伟,陆俊,等.混凝土静动态轴向拉伸力学性能[J].硅酸盐学报,2014,42(11):1349-1354.(FAN Xiangqian,HU Shaowei,LU Jun,et al.Static and dynamic axial tension properties of concrete[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2014,42(11):1349-1354.(in Chinese))
[4] 张艳红,胡晓,杨陈.全级配混凝土轴拉应力-变形全曲线试验研究[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2017,15(2):96-100.(ZHANG Yanhong,HU Xiao,YANG Chen.The study on the tensile stress-deformation curve of fully-graded concrete[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2017,15(2):96-100.(in Chinese))
[5] 彭刚,王乾峰,陈灯红,等.基于声发射参数的混凝土循环加卸载动态损伤破坏特性研究[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(6):1- 9.(PENG Gang,WANG Qianfeng,CHEN Denghong,et al.AE-based dynamic damage failure characteristic of concrete under cyclic loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University (Natural Sciences),2015,37(6):1- 9.(in Chinese))
[6] 胡伟华,彭刚,黄仕超,等.基于声发射技术的混凝土动态损伤特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2015,32(2):123-127,132.(HU Weihua,PENG Gang,HUANG Shichao,et al.Dynamic damage features of concrete based on acoustic emission technology[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2015,32(2):123-127,132.(in Chinese))
[7] SHEN D,JIANG J,WANG W,et al.Tensile creep and cracking resistance of concrete with different water-to-cement ratios at early age[J].Construction and Building Materials,2017,146:410- 418.
[8] 胡少伟,王阳.不同冻融方式下混凝土双K断裂韧度对比试验[J].水利水运工程学报,2018(2):91- 97.(HU Shaowei,WANG Yang.Experimental study on double-K fracture toughness of concrete in different freezing and thawing modes[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2018(2):91- 97.(in Chinese))
[9] 范向前,胡少伟,陆俊,等.不同初始损伤混凝土动态轴向拉伸试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(17):117-120.(FAN Xiangqian,HU Shaowei,LU Jun,et al.Dynamic axial tension tests of concrete with different initial damages[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(17):117-120.(in Chinese))
[10] TADA H,PARIS P C,IRWIN G R.The stress analysis of cracks handbook[M].New York:ASME Press,2000.
[11] 曹茂柏.对混凝土弹性模量影响因素的探讨[J].科技通报,2012,28(12):195-197.(CAO Maobo.The discussion of the influence of the mix proportion of concrete with concrete elastic modulus[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2012,28(12):195-197.(in Chinese))
[12] 中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.(Chinese Aeronautical Establishment.Handbook of stress intensity factors[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[13] 胡晓威.中央带缺口立方体试件的双K断裂韧度及其率相关性分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.(HU Xiaowei.Using central-notched splitting-tension cube specimens to study double-K fracture toughness parameters and their rate dependence[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese))
[14] INCE R.Determination of concrete fracture parameters based on peak-load method with diagonal split-tension cubes[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2012,82(3):100-114.
[15] 胡少伟,范向前,陆俊.缝高比对不同强度等级混凝土断裂特性的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013,33(2):162-168.(HU Shaowei,FAN Xiangqian,LU Jun.Influence of crack-depth ratio on fracture features of different strength grade of concrete[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013,33(2):162-168.(in Chinese))
[16] GROSSE C U,FINCK F.Quantitative evaluation of fracture processes in concrete using signal-based acoustic emission techniques[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2006,28(4):330-336.
[17] 孙吉主,周健,唐春安.影响岩石声发射的几个因素[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(2):1-5.(SUN Jizhu,ZHOU Jian,TANG Chun'an.Factors affecting acoustic emission of rock[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1997,17(2):1-5.(in Chinese))
[18] QJ 2194—1997 复合材料结构件声发射检测方法[S].(QJ 2194—1997 Acoustic emission detection method for composite structure parts[S].(in Chinese))
[19] 王岩,王瑶,路桂娟,等.变幅循环荷载下混凝土轴拉声发射特性试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(1):45- 49.(WANG Yan,WANG Yao,LU Guijuan,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of concrete under variable amplitude cyclic tension loading[J].Journal of Hohai University (Nature Sciences),2014,42(1):45- 49.(in Chinese))
[20] 吴胜兴,张顺祥,沈德建.混凝土轴心受拉声发射Kaiser效应试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(4):31-39.(WU Shengxing,ZHANG Shunxiang,SHEN Dejian.An experiment study on Kasier effect of acoustic emission in concrete under uniaxial tension loading[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(4):31-39.(in Chinese))
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