受不同加载偏转角影响的含裂纹砂岩劈裂声发射试验研究
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摘要
目前,岩石声发射方向性存在与否尚无定论,岩石中裂纹的存在对岩石声发射方向性是否存在影响也无深入的研究。针对完整的和含有一条预制裂纹的砂岩圆盘试件,分别偏转5°,10°,15°,35°,60°角进行岩石声发射方向性验证劈裂试验,对比分析了不同加载偏转角度下完整砂岩和含预制裂纹砂岩的声发射特征。研究表明:(1)偏转角度的不同对砂岩声发射Kaiser效应确有影响,随着偏转角度的增大,砂岩声发射Kaiser效应逐渐模糊直至消失,证明在此试验条件下砂岩的声发射Kaiser效应方向性随着偏转角度的增大而愈加明显。(2)含裂纹砂岩的Kaiser效应方向性比完整砂岩的Kaiser效应方向性更明显,具体表现为含裂纹砂岩的声发射Kaiser效应比完整砂岩在偏转过程中消失得更快。研究成果可为利用Kaiser效应测量地应力的可行性和准确性提供试验论证。
At present, whether the acoustic emission possesses directionality or not is still inconclusive. Besides, the influences of cracks on the acoustic emission directionality are not intensively studied. The cleavage experiments are respectively carried out at rotating angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 35° and 60° by using the intact disc sandstone and disc sandstone containing a prefabricated crack. The acoustic emission characteristics of the complete sandstone and the prefabricated cracked sandstone under different loading rotating angles are compared and analyzed. The results show:(1) The difference of rotating angles has an effect on the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission of sandstone. With the increase of rotating angles, the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission of sandstone gradually blurs until it disappears, verifying that the directionality of acoustic emission of rock becomes more obvious with the increase of rotating angle in this experimental condition.(2) The Kaiser effect directionality of cracked sandstone is more obvious than that of intact sandstone, for the Kaiser effect disappears faster in cracked sandstone than in the intact sandstone in the process of rotating. The results of the study can provide experimental proofs for the feasibility and accuracy of using the Kaiser effect to measure geostress.
At present, whether the acoustic emission possesses directionality or not is still inconclusive. Besides, the influences of cracks on the acoustic emission directionality are not intensively studied. The cleavage experiments are respectively carried out at rotating angles of 5°, 10°, 15°, 35° and 60° by using the intact disc sandstone and disc sandstone containing a prefabricated crack. The acoustic emission characteristics of the complete sandstone and the prefabricated cracked sandstone under different loading rotating angles are compared and analyzed. The results show:(1) The difference of rotating angles has an effect on the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission of sandstone. With the increase of rotating angles, the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission of sandstone gradually blurs until it disappears, verifying that the directionality of acoustic emission of rock becomes more obvious with the increase of rotating angle in this experimental condition.(2) The Kaiser effect directionality of cracked sandstone is more obvious than that of intact sandstone, for the Kaiser effect disappears faster in cracked sandstone than in the intact sandstone in the process of rotating. The results of the study can provide experimental proofs for the feasibility and accuracy of using the Kaiser effect to measure geostress.
引文
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[11]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.花岗岩Kaiser效应的试验验证与分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(2):254–257.(ZHAOXing-dong,LIYuan-hui,YUANRui-fu,etal.Experimentalverification/analysisofKaisereffectin Granite[J].JournalofNortheasternUniversity(Natural Science Edition), 2007, 28(2):254–257.(in Chinese))
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[14]杨卫.加载方向变化对Kaiser效应影响的试验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.(YANGWei.Experimental research about effect of loading direction on Kaiser effect[D].Kunming:KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2013.(in Chinese))
[15]阎南.岩石Kaiser效应方向独立性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2008.(YAN Nan. Study on rock Kaiser effect’s direction independence[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2008.(in Chinese))
[16]刘恺德,刘泉声,朱元广,等.考虑层理方向效应煤岩巴西劈裂及单轴压缩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013, 32(2):308–316.(LIU Kai-de, LIU Quan-sheng, ZHU Yuan-guang,etal.Experimentalstudyofcoalconsidering directivityeffectofbeddingplaneunderBraziliansplitting anduniaxialcompression[J].ChineseJournalofRock MechanicsandEngineering,2013,32(2):308–316.(in Chinese))
[17]王小琼,葛洪魁,宋丽莉.两类岩石声发射事件与Kaiser效应点识别方法的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):580–588.(WANGXiao-qiong,GEHong-kui,SONG Li-li. Experimental study of two types of rock sample acoustic emission events and Kaiser effect point recognition approach[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Engineering, 2011, 30(3):580–588.(in Chinese))
[18]侯鹏,高峰,杨玉贵,等.考虑层理影响页岩巴西劈裂及声发射试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1603–1612.(HOU Peng, GAO Feng, YANG Yong-gui, et al. Effect ofbeddingplanedirectiononacousticemission characteristicsofshaleinBraziliantests[J].RockandSoil Mechanics, 2016, 37(6):1603–1612.(in Chinese))
[19]LAVROVA,VERVOOTRA,WEVERSM,etal.ExperimentalandnumericalstudyoftheKaisereffectin cyclicBraziliantestswithdiskrotation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2002, 39(3):287–302.
[20]向宝山.巴西试验改进方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2012.(XIANG Bao-shan. Research on improvement of braziliantest[D].Chengdu:SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]李核归,张茹,高明忠,等.岩石声发射技术研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(增刊1):1794–1804.(LI He-gui, ZHANG Ru, GAO Ming-zhong, et al. Advances intechnologyofAcousticemissionofrock[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2013, 9(S1):1794–1804.(in Chinese))
[22]LIC,NORDLUNDE.Experimentalverificationofthe Kaisereffectinrocks[J].RockMechanicsandRock Engineering, 1993, 26(4):333–351.
[2] KAISER J. Erkenntnisse und folgerungen aus der messung von gerauschenbeizugbeanspruchungvonmetallischen werkstoffen[J]. Archiv Für Dassenhüttenwesen, 1953, 24(1/2):43–45.
[3]BARRSP,HUNTDP.Anelasticstrainrecoveryandthe Kaisereffectretentionspaninthecarnmenellisgranite[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 1999, 32(3):169–193.
[4]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):946–950.(JANGYong-dong,XIANXue-fu,XUJiang.Researchon application of Kaiser effect of acoustic emission to measuring initial stress in rock mass[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2005,26(6):946–950.(in Chinese))
[5]赵奎,闫道全,钟春晖,等.声发射测量地应力综合分析方法与试验验证[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(8):1403–1410.(ZHAO Kui, YAN Dao-quan, ZHONG Chun-hui, et al.Comprehensionanalysismethodandexperimental verificationforin-situstressmeasurementbyacoustic emissiontests[J].ChineseJournalofGeotechnical Engineering, 2012, 34(8):1403–1410.(in Chinese))
[6]MICHIHIROK,FUJIWARAT,YOSHIOKAH.Studyon estimatinggeostressesbytheKaisereffectofAE[C]//The26thUSSymposiumonRockMechanics(USRMS).Rapid City:AmericanRockMechanicsAssociation,1985:557–564.
[7]KANAGAWAT,HAYASHIM,NAKASAH.Estimationof spatialgeostresscomponentsinrocksamplesusingthe Kaisereffectofacousticemission[C]//Proceedingsofthe ThirdAcousticEmissionSymposium.Tokyo,1976:229–248.
[8] HOLCOMB D J. Using acoustic emission to determine in situ stress:problemsandpromise[J].Geomechanics,ASME,AMD, 1983, 57:11–21.
[9]谢强,江小城,余贤斌,等.加载方向变化对细晶花岗岩凯塞效应的影响[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1627–1632.(XIEQiang,JIANGXiao-cheng,YUXian-bin,etal.Influenceofrotationangleofprincipalstressaxesbetween loading cycles on aplite granite’s Kaiser effect[J]. Journal of theChinaCoalSociety,2010,35(10):1627–1632.(in Chinese))
[10]傅翔,谢强,江小城,等.受拉加载方向变化对Kaiser效应点准确度的影响[J].岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(7):1365–1370.(FU Xiang, XIE Qiang, JIANG Xiao-cheng, et al.Influenceoftensileloadingdirectiononaccuracyof determiningKaisereffectpoint[J].ChineseJournalof GeotechnicalEngineering,2014,36(7):1365–1370.(in Chinese))
[11]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.花岗岩Kaiser效应的试验验证与分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(2):254–257.(ZHAOXing-dong,LIYuan-hui,YUANRui-fu,etal.Experimentalverification/analysisofKaisereffectin Granite[J].JournalofNortheasternUniversity(Natural Science Edition), 2007, 28(2):254–257.(in Chinese))
[12]黄志鹏,朱可善,郭映忠.岩石Kaiser效应方向独立性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(2):9–10,46.(HUANGZhi-peng,ZHUKe-shan,GUOYing-zhong.ExperimentalstudyonrockKaisereffect’sdirection independence[J]. Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998, 15(2):9–10, 46.(in Chinese))
[13]江小城.加载方向对岩石Kaiser效应的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2013.(JIANG Xiao-cheng. Effect of rotation of the second loading cycle on Kaiser effect of rock acoustic emission[D].Chongqing:ChongqingUniversity,2013.(in Chinese))
[14]杨卫.加载方向变化对Kaiser效应影响的试验研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2013.(YANGWei.Experimental research about effect of loading direction on Kaiser effect[D].Kunming:KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2013.(in Chinese))
[15]阎南.岩石Kaiser效应方向独立性研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学, 2008.(YAN Nan. Study on rock Kaiser effect’s direction independence[D]. Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2008.(in Chinese))
[16]刘恺德,刘泉声,朱元广,等.考虑层理方向效应煤岩巴西劈裂及单轴压缩试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013, 32(2):308–316.(LIU Kai-de, LIU Quan-sheng, ZHU Yuan-guang,etal.Experimentalstudyofcoalconsidering directivityeffectofbeddingplaneunderBraziliansplitting anduniaxialcompression[J].ChineseJournalofRock MechanicsandEngineering,2013,32(2):308–316.(in Chinese))
[17]王小琼,葛洪魁,宋丽莉.两类岩石声发射事件与Kaiser效应点识别方法的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):580–588.(WANGXiao-qiong,GEHong-kui,SONG Li-li. Experimental study of two types of rock sample acoustic emission events and Kaiser effect point recognition approach[J].ChineseJournalofRockMechanicsand Engineering, 2011, 30(3):580–588.(in Chinese))
[18]侯鹏,高峰,杨玉贵,等.考虑层理影响页岩巴西劈裂及声发射试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1603–1612.(HOU Peng, GAO Feng, YANG Yong-gui, et al. Effect ofbeddingplanedirectiononacousticemission characteristicsofshaleinBraziliantests[J].RockandSoil Mechanics, 2016, 37(6):1603–1612.(in Chinese))
[19]LAVROVA,VERVOOTRA,WEVERSM,etal.ExperimentalandnumericalstudyoftheKaisereffectin cyclicBraziliantestswithdiskrotation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2002, 39(3):287–302.
[20]向宝山.巴西试验改进方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2012.(XIANG Bao-shan. Research on improvement of braziliantest[D].Chengdu:SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,2012.(in Chinese))
[21]李核归,张茹,高明忠,等.岩石声发射技术研究进展[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(增刊1):1794–1804.(LI He-gui, ZHANG Ru, GAO Ming-zhong, et al. Advances intechnologyofAcousticemissionofrock[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2013, 9(S1):1794–1804.(in Chinese))
[22]LIC,NORDLUNDE.Experimentalverificationofthe Kaisereffectinrocks[J].RockMechanicsandRock Engineering, 1993, 26(4):333–351.
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