基于光伏逆变器调节的配电网电压控制策略
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摘要
高渗透率光伏电站并网会导致配电系统潮流逆向和节点电压越限。因此,为保证电网的安全稳定运行,必须对光伏电站接入点的越限电压进行调整。根据光伏逆变器的容量特性和技术规范,以调整逆变器有功/无功功率为手段,提出了光伏电站逆变器电压控制策略和逆变器有功/无功功率调整的计算方法。所提电压控制策略充分利用了逆变器容量进行电压调整,具有良好的控制效果和经济性,计算简便且无需获取馈线负荷水平和分布情况。仿真分析表明,所提逆变器电压控制策略能够较好地解决光伏电站接入点的电压越限问题。
High penetration of PV(PhotoVoltaic) power stations in distribution networks may result in reverse power flow and voltage violation. Hence,in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid,it is necessary to adjust the violating voltage of the access point of PV power station. According to the capacity characteristics and technical specifications of PV inverters,a voltage control scheme using active/reactive power adjustment of PV inverters and the active/reactive power calculation approach of PV inverters are proposed. The proposed voltage control strategy that makes full use of the inverter capacity to adjust voltage is effective and economical. At the same time,the calculation is convenient and does not depend on the load level and distribution of feeders. Simulative results show that the proposed voltage control scheme effectively addresses the voltage violation problem caused by PV power stations.
High penetration of PV(PhotoVoltaic) power stations in distribution networks may result in reverse power flow and voltage violation. Hence,in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid,it is necessary to adjust the violating voltage of the access point of PV power station. According to the capacity characteristics and technical specifications of PV inverters,a voltage control scheme using active/reactive power adjustment of PV inverters and the active/reactive power calculation approach of PV inverters are proposed. The proposed voltage control strategy that makes full use of the inverter capacity to adjust voltage is effective and economical. At the same time,the calculation is convenient and does not depend on the load level and distribution of feeders. Simulative results show that the proposed voltage control scheme effectively addresses the voltage violation problem caused by PV power stations.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 电能质量供电电压允许偏差:GB/T 12325—2008 [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[2] 梁才浩,段献忠. 分布式发电及其对电力系统的影响[J]. 电力系统自动化,2001,25(12):53-56.LIANG Caihao,DUAN Xianzhong. Distributed generation and its im-pact on power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(12):53-56.
[3] 刘健,黄炜. 分布式光伏电源与负荷分布接近条件下的可接入容量分析[J]. 电网技术,2015,39(12):299-306.LIU Jian,HUANG Wei. Analysis on grid-connectible capacity of distributed PV generation in case of PV generation distribution close to load distribution[J]. Power System Technology,2015,39(12):299-306.
[4] 魏昊焜,刘健,高惠. 分布式电源的本地电压控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备,2016,36(9):40-45.WEI Haokun,LIU Jian,GAO Hui. Local voltage control of distributed generations[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(9):40-45.
[5] 彭琰,余一平,鞠平,等. 计及不确定性的电力系统电压波动分析方法[J]. 电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):137-142.PENG Yan,YU Yiping,JU Ping,et al. Voltage fluctuation analysis method considering uncertainties of power system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):137-142.
[6] 蔡永翔,唐巍,徐鸥洋,等. 含高比例户用光伏的低压配电网电压控制研究综述[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):220-229.CAI Yongxiang,TANG Wei,XU Ouyang,et al. Review of voltage research in LV distribution network with high proportion of residential PVs[J]. Power System Technology,2018,42(1):220-229.
[7] 蔡永翔,张璐,唐巍,等. 考虑逆变器无功充裕性的含高比例户用光伏低压配电网电压控制策略[J]. 电网技术,2017,41(9):2799-2808.CAI Yongxiang,ZHANG Lu,TANG Wei,et al. A voltage control strategy for LV distribution network with high proportion residential PVs considering reactive power adequacy of PV inverters[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2799-2808.
[8] STETZ T,MARTEN F,BRAUN M. Improved low voltage grid-integration of photovoltaic systems in Germany[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(2):534-542.
[9] 赵倩,张建成. 并网逆变器的有功无功综合控制策略研究[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(5):154-158.ZHAO Qian,ZHANG Jiancheng. Comprehensive control strategy of active and reactive power for grid-connected inverter[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(5):154-158.
[10] 蔡永翔,唐巍,张璐,等. 基于光伏逆变器无功调节的低压配电网多模式电压控制[J]. 电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):133-141.CAI Yongxiang,TANG Wei,ZHANG Lu,et al. Multi-mode voltage control in low distribution networks based on reactive power regulation of photovoltaic inverters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(13):133-141.
[11] 刘科研,刘永梅,盛万兴,等. 考虑电压约束的分布式电源接入配电网最大准入容量计算方法[J]. 电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):81-87.LIU Keyan,LIU Yongmei,SHENG Wanxing,et al. Miximal allowable DG penetration capacity calculation considering voltage constraints[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):81-87.
[12] 黄欣科,王环,王一波,等. 光伏发电系统并网点电压升高调整原理及策略[J]. 电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):112-117.HUANG Xinke,WANG Huan,WANG Yibo,et al. Principle and stra-tegies of voltage rise regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic ge-neration system at point of common coupling[J]. Automation of Elec-tric Power Systems,2014,38(3):112-117.
[13] 李清然,张建成. 含分布式光伏电源的配电网电压越限解决方案[J]. 电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):117-123.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng. Solutions of voltage beyond limits in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):117-123.
[14] 中华人民国和国国家质量监督检验检疫局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 光伏发电站无功补偿技术规范:GB/T 29321—2012[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[15] 吴宁. 电网络分析与综合[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2003:213-219.
[16] 王守相,王成山. 现代配电系统分析[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2014:245-247.
[2] 梁才浩,段献忠. 分布式发电及其对电力系统的影响[J]. 电力系统自动化,2001,25(12):53-56.LIANG Caihao,DUAN Xianzhong. Distributed generation and its im-pact on power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(12):53-56.
[3] 刘健,黄炜. 分布式光伏电源与负荷分布接近条件下的可接入容量分析[J]. 电网技术,2015,39(12):299-306.LIU Jian,HUANG Wei. Analysis on grid-connectible capacity of distributed PV generation in case of PV generation distribution close to load distribution[J]. Power System Technology,2015,39(12):299-306.
[4] 魏昊焜,刘健,高惠. 分布式电源的本地电压控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备,2016,36(9):40-45.WEI Haokun,LIU Jian,GAO Hui. Local voltage control of distributed generations[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(9):40-45.
[5] 彭琰,余一平,鞠平,等. 计及不确定性的电力系统电压波动分析方法[J]. 电力自动化设备,2017,37(8):137-142.PENG Yan,YU Yiping,JU Ping,et al. Voltage fluctuation analysis method considering uncertainties of power system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(8):137-142.
[6] 蔡永翔,唐巍,徐鸥洋,等. 含高比例户用光伏的低压配电网电压控制研究综述[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):220-229.CAI Yongxiang,TANG Wei,XU Ouyang,et al. Review of voltage research in LV distribution network with high proportion of residential PVs[J]. Power System Technology,2018,42(1):220-229.
[7] 蔡永翔,张璐,唐巍,等. 考虑逆变器无功充裕性的含高比例户用光伏低压配电网电压控制策略[J]. 电网技术,2017,41(9):2799-2808.CAI Yongxiang,ZHANG Lu,TANG Wei,et al. A voltage control strategy for LV distribution network with high proportion residential PVs considering reactive power adequacy of PV inverters[J]. Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2799-2808.
[8] STETZ T,MARTEN F,BRAUN M. Improved low voltage grid-integration of photovoltaic systems in Germany[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(2):534-542.
[9] 赵倩,张建成. 并网逆变器的有功无功综合控制策略研究[J]. 电力电容器与无功补偿,2017,38(5):154-158.ZHAO Qian,ZHANG Jiancheng. Comprehensive control strategy of active and reactive power for grid-connected inverter[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation,2017,38(5):154-158.
[10] 蔡永翔,唐巍,张璐,等. 基于光伏逆变器无功调节的低压配电网多模式电压控制[J]. 电力系统自动化,2017,41(13):133-141.CAI Yongxiang,TANG Wei,ZHANG Lu,et al. Multi-mode voltage control in low distribution networks based on reactive power regulation of photovoltaic inverters[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(13):133-141.
[11] 刘科研,刘永梅,盛万兴,等. 考虑电压约束的分布式电源接入配电网最大准入容量计算方法[J]. 电力自动化设备,2016,36(6):81-87.LIU Keyan,LIU Yongmei,SHENG Wanxing,et al. Miximal allowable DG penetration capacity calculation considering voltage constraints[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(6):81-87.
[12] 黄欣科,王环,王一波,等. 光伏发电系统并网点电压升高调整原理及策略[J]. 电力系统自动化,2014,38(3):112-117.HUANG Xinke,WANG Huan,WANG Yibo,et al. Principle and stra-tegies of voltage rise regulation for grid-connected photovoltaic ge-neration system at point of common coupling[J]. Automation of Elec-tric Power Systems,2014,38(3):112-117.
[13] 李清然,张建成. 含分布式光伏电源的配电网电压越限解决方案[J]. 电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):117-123.LI Qingran,ZHANG Jiancheng. Solutions of voltage beyond limits in distribution network with distributed photovoltaic generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):117-123.
[14] 中华人民国和国国家质量监督检验检疫局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 光伏发电站无功补偿技术规范:GB/T 29321—2012[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[15] 吴宁. 电网络分析与综合[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2003:213-219.
[16] 王守相,王成山. 现代配电系统分析[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2014:245-247.