核桃对东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠记忆障碍的预防作用
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摘要
用东莨菪碱(scopolamine,SCOP)诱导小鼠记忆障碍模型,探究饲料中添加核桃对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。实验组喂食含有质量分数9%核桃(核桃高剂量组和高剂量预防组)或6%核桃(核桃低剂量组和低剂量预防组)的饲料,而对照组(空白组、模型组和阳性对照组)喂食普通饲料。在第8周时,通过Morris水迷宫(Morris water maze,MWM)和小鼠脑组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,ACh E)活力测定,评估小鼠的学习记忆表现。结果表明:与模型组相比,在MWM实验中,高剂量核桃预防组的逃避潜伏期在第4天极显著缩短(P<0.01),穿台次数显著增加(P<0.05),目标象限停留时间及路程占比分别显著延长和提高(P<0.05),同时,脑组织中ACh E活力((0.94±0.08)U/mg)、MDA含量((11.64±0.58)nmol/mg)显著降低(P<0.05),GSH含量((69.53±2.11)mg/g)、T-SOD活力((93.36±4.94)U/mg)显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:饲料中添加核桃可以抑制小鼠大脑氧化损伤,增强胆碱能功能,预防SCOP诱导的小鼠记忆障碍,提高小鼠的学习记忆能力。
We undertook this study in order to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of walnut(Juglans regia)kernel on learning and memory capacity in a mouse model of memory impairment induced by scopolamine(SCOP). The experimental mice were fed a diet containing 9%( high-dose treatment and prevention groups) or 6% walnut kernel(low-dose and low-dose prevention groups) while those in the other groups(control, model and positive control) were fed a normal diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, the Morris water maze(MWM) was used to evaluate the learning and memory capacity of mice. Meanwhile, brain tissues were harvested to measure the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and acetylcholinesterase(AChE). Results showed that in the MWM trial, the escape latency of the mice in the high-dose prevention group was significantly shortened on the fourth day(P < 0.01) while the number of punctures increased(P < 0.05) and the time spent and percentage distance traveled in the target quadrant were increased(P < 0.05) when compared with the model group. Besides, AChE activity and MDA content were decreased to(0.94 ± 0.08) U/mg and(11.64 ± 0.58) nmol/mg, respectively(P < 0.05); in contrast, GSH content and T-SOD activity were increased(69.53 ± 2.11) mg/g and(93.36 ± 4.94) U/mg, respectively(P < 0.05) in brain tissue. Thesefindings suggest that dietary supplementation of walnut kernel could inhibit oxidative damage in the brain mice, enhance cholinergic function, prevent SCOP-induced memory impairment and improve learning and memory capacity.
We undertook this study in order to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of walnut(Juglans regia)kernel on learning and memory capacity in a mouse model of memory impairment induced by scopolamine(SCOP). The experimental mice were fed a diet containing 9%( high-dose treatment and prevention groups) or 6% walnut kernel(low-dose and low-dose prevention groups) while those in the other groups(control, model and positive control) were fed a normal diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, the Morris water maze(MWM) was used to evaluate the learning and memory capacity of mice. Meanwhile, brain tissues were harvested to measure the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH),and the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and acetylcholinesterase(AChE). Results showed that in the MWM trial, the escape latency of the mice in the high-dose prevention group was significantly shortened on the fourth day(P < 0.01) while the number of punctures increased(P < 0.05) and the time spent and percentage distance traveled in the target quadrant were increased(P < 0.05) when compared with the model group. Besides, AChE activity and MDA content were decreased to(0.94 ± 0.08) U/mg and(11.64 ± 0.58) nmol/mg, respectively(P < 0.05); in contrast, GSH content and T-SOD activity were increased(69.53 ± 2.11) mg/g and(93.36 ± 4.94) U/mg, respectively(P < 0.05) in brain tissue. Thesefindings suggest that dietary supplementation of walnut kernel could inhibit oxidative damage in the brain mice, enhance cholinergic function, prevent SCOP-induced memory impairment and improve learning and memory capacity.
引文
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[15]MARIN D,CHEDEA V,ROPOTA M,et al.A comparative analysis of polyphenols and fatty acids contents in methanol and acetone extracts from walnut and pumpkin meals[J].Journal of International Society of Antioxidants in Nutrition&Health,2016,3(4):1-7.
[16]CALCABRINI C,BELLIS R D,MANCINI U,et al.Protective effect of Juglans regia L.walnut extract against oxidative DNAdamage[J].Plant Foods for Human Nutrition,2017,72(26):192-197.DOI:10.1007/s11130-017-0609-2.
[17]WILLIS L M,SHUKITT-HALE B,CHENG V,et al.Dose-dependent effects of walnuts on motor and cognitive function in aged rats[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2009,101(8):1140-1144.DOI:10.1017/S0007114508059369.
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[19]MUTHAIYAH B,ESSA M M,LEE M,et al.Dietary supplementation of walnuts improves memory deficits and learning skills in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[J].Journal of Alzheimers Disease,2014,42(4):1397-1405.DOI:10.3233/JAD-140675.
[20]JING L,GAO L,SUN K,et al.Benzoate fraction from Gentiana rigescens,Franch alleviates scopolamine-induced impaired memory in mice model in vivo[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2016,193:107-116.DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.001.
[21]KLINKENBERG I,BLOKLAND A.The validity of scopolamine as a pharmacological model for cognitive impairment:a review of animal behavioral studies[J].Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,2010,34(8):1307-1350.DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.001.
[22]LI T,XIE J,WANG Y,et al.Protective effects of aloe-emodin on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells[J].Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2014,24(23):5385-5389.DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.049.
[23]ZOU J,CAI P S,XIONG C M,et al.Neuroprotective effect of peptides extracted from walnut(Juglans sigilata Dode)proteins on Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in mice[J].华中科技大学学报(医学英德文版),2016,36(1):21-30.DOI:10.1007/s11596-016-1536-4.
[24]邓海峰,孙缦利,杨伟,等.褪黑素对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆障碍的影响及作用机制[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(2):286-288.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2017.02.012.
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